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  • Title/Summary/Keyword: major minerals

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Genesis and Mineralogical Characteristics of Acid Sulfate Soil in Gimhae Plain -I. Transformation of Pyrite and Jarosite (김해평야(金海平野)에 분포(分布)한 특이산성토(特異酸性土)의 생성(生成)과 광물학적(鑛物學的) 특성(特性) -I. Pyrite와 Jarosite의 생성(生成))

  • Jung, Pil-Kyun;Yoo, Sun-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.204-214
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    • 1993
  • The purpose of this study was to elucidate the chemical changes and formation of sulfur minerals following reduction and subsequent oxidation of the acid sulfate soils derived from the fluvio-marine plains in Gimhae area. Changes in pH, Eh and water soluble SO4, Fe, Al, K, na and Ca were determined in the soil under the reduced and oxidized conditions. These chemical properties were related to the formation of the pyrite and jarosite, the major sulfur minerals in the acid sulfate soils. On incubation, suspension pH tended to increase with decreaseing Eh in the reduction periods. Jarosite formation was favored by maintaining continuous low pH(below 4.0) and high Eh(above 400mV) during the oxidation periods, however, the conditions were not favorable for the soils with Ca(OH)2. Water soluble K increased by reduction but decreased by oxidation, while the jarosite of the soil with Ca(OH)2 was dissolved even under the oxidation conditon, resulting in rapid increase of water soluble K. The water soluble Ca decreased rapidly, indicating that gypsum was formed with Ca(OH)2 during the oxidation periods. The formation of jarosite was favored by the oxidation condition, and hindered by the reduction condition. But the formation of pyrite was favored by reduction and hindered by oxidation. When the troll was treated with Ca(OH)2, Jarosite was dissolved in both oxidized and reduced conditions.

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Preliminary Study on the Formation Environment of Serpentinite occurring in Ulsan Area (울산지역 사문암의 형성환경 해석을 위한 예비연구)

  • Koh, Sang-Mo;Park, Choong-Ku;Soh, Won-Ju
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.19 no.4 s.50
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    • pp.325-336
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    • 2006
  • Domestic serpentinite is one of the important industrial minerals utilizing in the iron manufacturing company such as POSCO in Korea. Serpentinite is distributed in the Ulsan Fe deposit, Andong, Hongseong-Cheongyang, and Gapyeong areas. This study tries to interpret the relationship among the formation of carbonate rocks, iron mineralization, and serpentinite alteration throughout the study of field occurrence, mineralogy, and chemical compositions. Serpentine is formed by the break-down of olivine and pyroxene of parent peridotite. The serpentinization is inferred to be formed by the hydrothermal fluid derived from intruded Cretaceous granite and the addition of meteoric water. Variation of major oxides such as SiO2,Fe2O3, and MgO in serpentinized rocks are controlled by the degree of serpentinization and Fe mineralization. Variation of Al2O3 and CaO contents of altered rocks is dependent on the amount of the residual minerals such as calcite and homblende, and on the degree of chloritization. The presence of carbonate rocks reported in the sedimentary origin or igneous origin (carbonatite) provided a geological environment to form skarn type Fe deposit regardless of its origin. The geological processes of Ulsan Fe deposits are inferred to be formed as the order of the formation of carbonate rocks the intrusion of Cretaceous granite serpentinization Fe mineralization by the interprelation of field occurrence and mineralogical characteristics.

Occurrence and Mineralogy of Serpentine Minerals in the Calc-silicate Rock Sheets from the Bonghwa Area, Kyungsangbuk-do (경북 봉화지역의 석회규산염층에서 산출되는 사문석광물의 산상 및 광물학적 특성)

  • Bae, Sung-Woo;Hwang, Jin-Yeon;Lee, Son-Kap;Kwack, Kyu-Won;Yoon, Ji-Hae;Cho, Sung-Hwi
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.85-98
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    • 2008
  • Calc-silicate rock sheet occurs within the Precambrian metasedimentary rocks in Bonghwa area, Kyungsangbuk-do, Korea. The calc-silicate rock runs parallel to bedding plane with 1418 meters in width. Calcite, dolomite, serpentine and tremolite are occurred as major minerals and talc is occurred as a miner mineral. Serpentine mainly occurs in the upper part and tremolite occurs in lower part of calc-silicate rock sheet. Colors of calc-silicate rock change to deeper green with increasing amounts of serpentine mineral. XRD, FT-IR analyses indicates that serpentine mineral is antigorite. Platy structure of antigorite is well observed by SEM analysis. EPMA data indicates that chemical composition of antigorite is very close to ideal (SiO2: 44.3 wt% and MgO: 40.8 wt%). The chemical formula of antigorite is calculated as Mg2.82Al0.04Fe3+0.04Si2.05O5(OH)4. From careful study by comparing mineralogical analysis data and occurrence, calc-silicate rock sheet was formed by metamorphism of calcareous sedimentary rocks having different mineralogical and chemical compositions. It is considered that the host rock of serpentine enriched upper part was more Mg-rich rocks than the host rocks of tremolite enriched lower part.

Antioxidant Activity and Physicochemical Characteristics of Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai with Treatments Methods (처리 방법에 따른 참나물의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성)

  • Chae, Hyun Suk;Lee, Sang Hoon;Jeong, Heon Sang;Kim, Woon Ju
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.125-131
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    • 2013
  • This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai with treatments methods. Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai was prepared with washing, blanching, and steaming. Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai samples were analysed proximate compositions, β-carotene, folic acid, minerals, polyphenol and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. Crude protein, lipid, ash and fiber content of raw Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai were 24.43, 9.02, 17.74, and 33.50%, respectively. pH ranged from 6.49 in blanched Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai to 5.99 in steamed Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai. The Hunter L value was decreased with heat treatment and a- value showed that the green color was higher in steamed Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai. β-Carotene content was increased to 18% in washed Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai, 54% in blanched Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai, and 10% in steamed Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai. Folic acid content of washed, raw, steamed, and blanched Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai were 848.87, 772.16, 271.54, and 260.74 mg/100 g, respectively. Major minerals were K, Ca, Na, and Mg, and K content had the highest value of 93.13~244.38 mg/100 g with treatment. Total polyphenol and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity were higher in the order of blanched, steamed, washed, and raw Pimpinella brachycarpa Nakai.

Extraction and Purification of Antitumor Protein-bound Polysaccharides from Mycelia of Lentinus edodes (표고버섯 균사체로부터 항암 단백다당체의 추출 및 정제)

  • Park, Ki-Moon;Lee, Byung-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.1236-1242
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    • 1998
  • Korean Lentinus edodes SR-1 was cultured to multiply the mycelia in the complete broth medium (C/N=13.1) for mushroom, and protein-bound polysaccharides were extracted from the cultured broth containing mycelia (The whole cultured broth was used to increase the yields: 80% of protein-bound polysaccharides were existed at the cell wall of mycelia and 20% of those were secreted extracellularily in this culture). Protein-bound polysaccharides in the cultured broth containing mycelia were extracted by using three different methods: 1) Extraction with hot water, 2) Disintegration of cell wall by glass bead mill treatment before extraction with hot water, and 3) Cellulase treatment before extraction with hot water. The highest yield was obtained (930 mg polysaccharides/100 mL culture broth) when protein-bound polysaccharides were extracted with 2) method. The extracted crude protein-bound polysaccharides were purified using protease, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. The growth inhibition activity for P388, mouse leukemic cell, increased (53.7, 62.2, 93.7% and 97.4%) as the purification level increased. Protein-bound polysaccharides contained 46.1% of polysaccharides, 7.3% of protein, and trace amounts of minerals. Polysaccharides contained glucose, galactose, xylose and mannose. The content of proline and glycine were high, however, methionine and leucine were not found. The major minerals were Na, K, Zn, and Ca.

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Mineral Distribution in the Southeastern Yellow Sea Surface Sediments; KORDI Cruise Samples in 2010 (황해 남동부 표층 해양 퇴적물의 광물 분포; 2010년 한국해양연구원 탐사 시료)

  • Cho, Hyen-Goo;Kim, Soon-Oh;Yi, Hi-Il;Shin, Kyung-Hoon
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.205-216
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    • 2011
  • Mineral compositions of 69 southeastern Yellow Sea surface sediments collected at the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI) cruise in 2010, were determined using the quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis. Southeastern Yellow Sea surface sediments are composed of major minerals (quartz 49.1%, plagioclase 13.0% and alkali feldspar 9.3%), clay minerals, calcite, and aragonite. Illite (9.4%) is the most abundant clay mineral, chlorite (4.6%) is the second, and kaolinite (0.8%) is few. Quartz and alkali feldspar contents are high in coarse-grained sediments, whereas amphibole and clay mineral contents are high in fine-grained sediments. Quartz, plagioclase, alkali feldspar, chlorite, and kaolinite contents are higher, and illite content is lower in mud zone 1 corresponding to south margin of Central Yellow Sea Mud than in mud zone 2, a part of Southeastern Yellow Sea Mud. Difference of mineral composition between two mud zone suggests that source of fine sediment may be different in two mud zone and Southeastern Yellow Sea Mud might be largely supplied from the Keum and Youngsan rivers in southern part of the west coast in the Korean Peninsula.

Oxygen and Sulfur Isotope Composition, and Genesis of Some Pyrophyllite Deposits Distributed in the Kyeongnam and Cheonnam Provinces (경남(慶南) 및 전남(全南) 일부(一部) 납석광상(蠟石鑛床)의 산소(酸素)-황(黃) 동위원소조성(同位元素組成)과 광상성인(鑛床成因))

  • Chon, Hyo Taek;Cheong, Young Wook;Kim, In Joon
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.97-105
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    • 1991
  • Oxygen and sulfur isotope composition of pyrophyllite and pyrite from six pyrophyllite deposits in the Yangsan-Milyang areas (the Cheonbulsan, Dumyong, Dongrae, Youkwang, Sungjin and Milyang mines), and five deposits in the Whasoon-Dado-Haenam areas (the Byuksong, Songseok, Dado, Bugock and Nowha mines) were measured. Pyrophyllite ores both from the Yangsan-Milyang areas and the Dado-Haenam areas are composed mainly of high alumina minerals such as pyrophyllite, sericite and kaolinite. Most of altered rocks show diagnostic chacteristics of bleaching effect. Major minerals of the Songseok ore deposit in the Whasoon area are pyrophyllite, and diaspore with minor amounts of kaolinite and quartz. The Byuksong ores from the Whasoon area were composed mainly of andalusite, kaolinite, pyrophyllite and mica with small amounts of chloritoid, quartz and carbonaceous matter. The Byuksong and Songseok ores show metamorphic textures such as porphyroblastic, and pressure solution textures, and have low whiteness values, The δ18O values of pyrophyllite from the Cheonbulsan and Dumyong mines in the Yangsan area, and the Dado and Nowha mines in the Dado-Haenam areas were in the range of 0.23~5.36%,. The relatively low 8 180 values provide conclusive evidence for hydrothermal activity in these deposits. The δ18O values of pvrophvllite from the Songseok mine in the Whasoon area were measured as 6.70-8.13%, and these higher δ18O values suggest that the Songseok ore deposit have been probably subjected to metamorphism. δ34S(pyrito) values from the Cheonbulsan, Dumyong, Youkwang, Dongrae, Sungjin and Milyang deposits in the Yangsan-Milyang areas, and the Dado pyrophyllite deposits in the Dado area range from -5.8 to 2.7%, which means that the pyrite sulfur could be of igneous origin. δ34S(pyrito) from the Nohwa mine in the Haenam area is, however, measured as -12.4%" implying the contamination of sulfur derived from the sedimentary country rocks. All of the studied high alumina deposits in the Yangsan-Milyang areas and the Dado-Haenam areas were hydrothermal in origin, whereas the Byuksong and Songseok ore deposits in the Whasoon area were probably of metamorphic origin.

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Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Characteristics of Orostachys malacophyllus and Fermented Orostachys malacophyllus (와송과 발효 와송 추출물의 이화학적 특징 및 항산화 활성)

  • Ahn, Hee-Young;Choe, Da-Jeong;Cho, Young-Su
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.577-584
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    • 2015
  • Orostachys malacophyllus grow on the old roofing tile or on the rock of mountain and is belong to Crassulaceae family. After air drying for Orostachys malacophyllus (OM), using the mixture of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus) was fermented (FOM). OM and FOM extracted using water (W), ethanol (E) and methanol (M) and were measured extracts yield, pH and Brix. Extracted OM and FOM were tested by in vitro experimental models of α,α´-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, Fe/Cu reducing power, linoleic acid peroxidation using ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods and peroxidation of rat liver homogenate. In addition, the bioactive materials (phenolic compounds, flavonoids and minerals) were measured. The highest phenolic compounds and flavonoids were OME 122.2 mg/100 g and OME 84.0 mg/100 g. OM and FOM′s major minerals were K, Ca and Mg. The highest free radical scavenging activity showed in FOMM (93.9%), OMM (93.4%), FOME (92.1%) and OME (91.9%) at 0.5% additional level. Fe reducing powers were strong in FOME and FOMM and Cu reducing powers were strong in OME and FOMM. Antioxidant activities on lipid peroxidation using rat homogenate as measured by TBARS method showed strong in FOME and on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid as measured by ferric TBA method showed strong in OME and FOME and measured by ferric thiocyanate showed strong in FOME and FOMM.

Antioxidative Effects and Chemical Characteristics of Annona muricata Leaf Extracts (그라비올라 잎 추출물의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성)

  • Kim, Young Wan;Kim, Tae Hoon;Ahn, Hee Young;Cho, Young Su
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.540-546
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    • 2018
  • Annona muricata, generally known as soursop, graviola, or sirsak, is native to the warmest tropical areas of North and South America and is now widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical parts of the world, including India and Nigeria. This study tested the contents of polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, and minerals, as well as the antioxidative effects of DPPH radical-scavenging activity, Fe/Cu-reducing power, linoleic-acid peroxidation using thiobarbituric-acid (TBA) methods and peroxidation of rat-hepatocyte microsomes, and β-carotene bleaching assay. These were tested with in-vitro experimental models using water, ethanol, and methanol extracts of the Annona muricata leaf (AMl). Water extracts of AMl showed the highest extraction yield (1.76%). The total polyphenol-compound concentration was the highest in the methanol extract of AMl. However, the flavonoids concentration was the highest in the ethanol extracts of AMl. AMlMl major minerals were Ca, K, and Mg. In DPPH radical-scavenging activity, the contents exhibited a strong scavenging effect on the ethanol and methanol extracts of AMl. Additionally, the Fe/Cu-reducing power was strong in ethanol and methanol extracts of AMl. Fe2+/ascorbate-induced linoleic-acid peroxidation using TBA methods and auto-oxidation of rat-hepatic microsomes showed strong antioxidative activities in ethanol extracts of AMl. β-Carotene bleaching was also highest in the ethanol extracts of AMl. These results may provide the basic data to understand the chemical characteristics and antioxidative effects of Annona muricata leaf extract for the development of functional foods.

FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE QUALITY RETENTION OF CULTURED UNDARIA PINNATIFIDA (양식미역의 품질요인과 그 가공)

  • PYEUN Jae-Hyeung;PARK Yenog-Ho;LEE Kang-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.125-135
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    • 1977
  • Recently, culture of Undaria pinnatifida, one of the representative esculent sea weed, has been prevailing in tile east and south coasta of Korea and reached the mass culture stage. In this study, compositional quality factors for food were studied and the contributory effects of blanching and pigment fixatives in the quality retention of cultured Undaria pinnatifida are discussed. When the place and time of harvesting were the same, cultured pinnatifida showed scarce difference in the chemical composition comparing to tile naturally grown Undaria pinnatifida, but cultured Undaria pinnatifida shelved a considerable difference depending upon the cultured places. In the chemical composition of Undaria pinnatifida, the alginic acid comprising about 40% of the whole solid materials seemed to be responsible for the compositional puality. The chlorophyll and carotenoid content of the clutured Unaria pinnatifida were considerably lower than that of the naturally grown Undaria pinnatifida and wass inferior in puality by color to the naturally grown one. Dried Undaria pinnatifida contained a considerable amount of amino-N, mannitol, and soluble minerals and it is considered that these components play a great role in the relish effects. It could also be evaluated as a good albuminous source for food science the dried pinnatifida contains about 18% of crude protein. In the analysis of free amino acid composition of dried Undaria pinnatifida, the naturally growm samples showed so what higher levels in all amino acid content than the cultured samples. The contents of theronine, alanine, and glutamic acid were major in quantity wherease histidine cysteine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine were minor. The contents of such amino acids like serine and proline were particularly low or undetectable. The results of amino acid analysis of the acid hydrolysates of dried Undaria pinnatifida in quantity of individual amino acid showed te same pattern as that of free amino acid. It is noticed that Undaria pinnatifida seemed to contain good quality protein since the contents of essential amino acids were considerably higher and uniform. By blanching the fresh sample, the water soluble components brought about cousiderable loss, and, particularly, it was noteworthy that both mannitol and soluble minerals apparently decreased. In the pigment analysis of the dried sample, blanching was effective to retain chlorophyll and carotenoid. The addition of pigment fixatives in blanching solution such as Ca-gluconate, Ca-carbonate, and Ca-hydroxide did not exhibit much effect on the pigment retention except that Ca-carbonate shelved some effect only in the early stage of storage.

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