• 산경연구논집
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.11-14
• /
• 2013

Purpose - The objective of this paper is to explain how the Chinese distribution market will continue to bring tremendous business opportunities to commercial enterprises given the relatively strong economic fundamentals and substantial government-led measures for boosting domestic demand. Research design, data, and methodology - The study conducted a survey on China's 2011 retail market data. After empirically analyzing the data on retail sales, online retail markets, and franchises, we believe that online retailing in China will maintain its growth momentum. Results - This study shows that 2012 is expected to be a challenging year for the retail sector, as both external and internal pressures are likely to persist. Some of the major challenges facing retailers in China are mentioned below. Conclusions - Retailers in China face several major challenges. First, the uncertain economic outlook is having a considerable impact on China's retail market. Second, China's retailers face an unfair competition environment. Third, they are suffering the impacts of product safety problems.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제11권9호
• /
• pp.31-34
• /
• 2013

Purpose - This paper aims to explain that the Chinese distribution market will continue to bring tremendous business opportunities to commercial enterprises, given the relatively strong economic fundamentals and substantial government-led measures to boost domestic demand. Research design, data, methodology - A survey was conducted on China's retail market data during 2012. By empirically analyzing the data for retail sales of online markets and franchises, we conclude that the online retail market in China will continue to grow. Results - Based on data from 2012, 2013 is expected to be a challenging year for the retail sector, as both external and internal pressure is likely to persist. This paper outlines some major challenges facing retailers in China. Conclusions - The study shows that retailers in the Chinese market will face some major challenges: 1) the Chinese retail market is considerably affected by an uncertain economic outlook 2) an unfair environment of competition exists and 3) product safety is a serious issue. However, in the future, China's retail market will continue to bring tremendous business opportunities to commercial enterprises, given the relatively strong economic fundamentals and substantial government-led measures to boost domestic demand.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제15권9호
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2017

Purpose - The volume and valence of online word-of-mouth(eWOM) have become an important part of the retailer's market success for a wide range of products. This study aims to investigate how the growth of eWOM has generated the product's final financial outcomes in the introductory period influences. Research design, data, and methodology - This study uses weekly box office performance for 117 movies released in the South Korea from July 2015 to June 2016 using Korean Film Council(KOFIC) database. 292,371 posted online review messages were collected from NAVER movie review bulletin board. Using regression analysis, we test whether eWOM incurred during the opening week is valuable to explain the last of box office performance. Three major eWOM metrics were considered after controlling for the major distributional factors. Results - Results support that major eWOM variables play a significant role in box-office outcome prediction. Especially, the growth rate of the positive eWOM volume has a significant effect on the growth potential in sales. Conclusions - The findings highlight that the speed of eWOM growth has an informational value to understand the market reaction to a new product beyond valence and volume. Movie distributors need to take positive online eWOM growth into account to make optimal screen allocation decisions after release.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
• /
• 제52권11호
• /
• pp.668-674
• /
• 2003

The electric marketplace is in the midst of major changes designed to promote competition. No longer vertically integrated with guaranteed customers and suppliers, electric generators and distributors will have to compete to sell and buy electricity. Unit commitment (UC) in such a competitive environment is not the same as the traditional one anymore. The objective of UC is not to minimize production cost as before but to find the solution that produces a maximum profit for a generation firm. This paper presents a hi-level formulation that decomposes the UC game into a generation-decision game (first level game) and a state(on/off)-decision game (second level game). Derivation that the first-level game has a pure Cournot Nash equilibrium(NE) helps to solve the second-level game. In case of having a mixed NE in the second-level game, this paper chooses a pure strategy having maximum probability in the mixed strategy in order to obviate the probabilistic on/off state which may be infeasible. Simulation results shows that proposed method gives the adequate UC solutions corresponding to a NE.

• 한국항만경제학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.191-217
• /
• 2005

Ninety percent of an average Chinese manufacturer's time spent is on logistics. Therefore, logistics presents the greatest challenge for multinational companies conducting businesses in China. Although more than 18,000 registered logistics companies exist in China, 85 percent of their revenues are generated from basic trucking and storage services. These facts indicate that China will need increasing presence of high-quality foreign 3PL providers, who are able to provide sophisticated IT systems, industry/operational expertise, standardized operating processes, and international networks, compared to their Chinese counterparts. However, they are facing complicated array of laws and regulations as well as difficulty of finding qualified people to fulfill these needs. There are a number of foreign 3PL providers engaged in China's logistics sector to reap a huge opportunity. Nevertheless, many 3PL foreign providers are still cautious about making large investments. Thus they arelooking for alliances that can provide complementarities instead. Another salient feature of strategy is to take over the transportation assets and warehousing of major Chinese manufacturers and distributors.

• 경영과학
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.19-37
• /
• 2004

Since digital economy and electronic commerce are evolving rapidly. further shaping process of e-commerce over the Internet would be highly influenced by the impact of electronic commerce technologies. That is. the widespread application of electronic commerce technologies is remoulding classic business patterns and enabling organizations to deal with new ways of doing business with global suppliers. distributors, marketers and consumers. The objective of this study is to examine the scheme of electronic commerce technologies. analyzing the current state and what is expected of them In the future. However, it is difficult to clarify relationships with the every electronic commerce technology and to analyze the progress of each of them. This study focuses on the major electronic commerce application technologies relevant to e-business. In order to analyze the current state of electronic commerce technologies and relationships among them. this study has tried to gather experts' opinions using the Delphi method. For each major EC technology, this study has analyzed the current level. the technology scheme. the applicability, the economic influences of the EC technologies and the urgency of the technology development. This study will play a role of catalyser for the study of electronic commerce technologies and will provide guideline for future studies electronic commerce and information communication technology(ICT) diffusion.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.21-33
• /
• 2010

인터넷과 모바일기술의 발전은 화훼유통서비스를 급격히 진화시켰을 뿐만 아니라, 화훼 도소매점간 경쟁방식과 유통경로에도 많은 변화를 가져왔다. 인터넷과 정보기술의 발전은 화훼 유통경로에 있는 중개상들의 힘(영향력)이 축소되거나 일부 소멸할 것으로 예상했다. 그러나 오히려 중개기능의 강화되었고 정보시스템을 통해 유통서비스의 지역적 한계가 없어지고 매출증가로 점포규모가 커지고 협회와 같은 중개자가 재출현하게 되었다. 본 연구는 화훼중도매인이 도소매점의 활동을 원활하게 지원하기 위해 지금까지 어떤 노력들이 있었고 정보시스템 도입 실패원인에 대해 살펴보았다. 그리고 유통경로에서 힘(영향력)의 우위를 확보하기 위해 유통 중간상이 어떻게 변화하고 있는지를 (주)플로마켓 사례를 통해 살펴보았다. 연구결과 화훼도매점들이 정보시스템을 활용한 유통경로 혁신을 시도하였지만 매출채권 및 상품재고 관리를 위한 기능을 정보시스템에 미반영, 거래 및 업무 프로세스 확립 없이 자동화 개념으로 도입, 정보시스템 가동이후 노력을 고려한 정보시스템 구축전략 미비, 화훼소매점과 유통 및 제품정보 공유 없이 주문처리 중심의 정보시스템 구축 등 4가지 이유로 구축에 실패한 것으로 파악되었다. 파악된 실패요인들을 고려하여 (주)플로마켓은 정보시스템을 통해 화훼공판장과 화훼도소매시장으로 구분되어 있는 도매유통시장을 통합하여 고품질의 상품을 확보할 수 있도록 유통경로 개선을 하고자 했다. 시스템구축 후 운영되면서 (주)플로마켓은 상품재고 최소화와 다품종 대량구매를 실현 할 수 있었고 사전주문 프로세스와 사후 재정산을 통하여 실시간 시세를 반영한 상품공급으로 고객의 신뢰를 확보할 수 있었다. 단계별 비즈니스에 맞는 정보시스템 구축전략으로 급변하는 비즈니스 환경에 대처할 수 있도록 정보시스템을 구축하였다. (주)플로마켓의 성공여부는 화훼도매시장에서 화훼소매점과 도매점들이 얼마나 참여하느냐에 달려있기 때문에 시간을 가지고 지켜봐야 하지만 (주)플로마켓 주문처리 시스템의 등장은 거래자간 정보흐름이 끊김 없이 실시간으로 유통정보 및 상품정보 교환이 되고, 제품 표준화와 거래 프로세스가 명확해지고, 정보시스템을 통해 화훼도매점은 유통정보, 거래정보, 상품정보 등 마케팅 정보 수집이 가능해서 전략적 의사결정을 내릴 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 그 동안 정보화 수준이 낮은 화훼유통시장에서 거래의 효율성을 높인 유통경로개선 사례로 본 논문의 의의가 있다고 할 것이다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.258-262
• /
• 2019

마늘의 일부 품종에서 화학적 조성 및 생물학적 특성이 조사되었지만 현재 고아라 마늘의 주요 성분 및 생리활성에 대한 조사는 부족한 현실이다. 2012년 품종으로 등록된 고아라 마늘의 주요성분 및 생리활성을 측정하기 위하여 서귀포, 담양 및 남해에서 재배하여 비교하였다. 재배된 마늘 성분을 분석한 결과 서귀포에서는 황 관련 물질(알리인과 피루베이트 총량)과 항균 활성이 우수했으며 남해에서는 페놀 함량과 환원당 함량이 풍부하였으며, 담양에서는 총 플라보노이드 함량이 높게 나타났다. 위의 결과를 고려할 때 재배 지역 간에는 차이가 있었지만 고아라 마늘은 지금까지 보고된 다른 마늘 품종과 비슷하게 주요 성분함량과 생리 활성을 보여주었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 지역 농민, 유통 업자 및 소비자에게 유용한 정보가 될 것이다.

• 마케팅과학연구
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.173-178
• /
• 2010

这是一家私人, 第三代家族拥有的公司, Boom Technologies 公司(BTI). 对电力设施提供产品和服务的供应商, 通信和承包商的市场,不断进步的出口. 尽管在2008年出口销售只占总收入的5%, BTI已形成了一个完整的出口部门. 他们的出口部门的执行董事揭示了一家私营公司的试验和错误以及他们对成功的海外市场的疑问. 自成立以来, BTI始终相信它最大的资产是它的雇员. 当出口销售因为缺乏战略和方向而挣扎时, BTI为其出口部门雇了一位董事总经理. 在BTI总裁和总经理的领导下, 他们很好的利用了这个部门的技能和知识. 为向海外扩展他们的市场份额, 增加出口销售他们进行了机构调整. 结果就是, 出口销售增加了4倍, 国家的地区经理增加了, 同时成功养成了分销渠道网络. 有时, 由于公司的结构, 收入形成很难决定. 因此, 在1996年, 出口部门重组为有限责任公司. 这使得公司改进收入和费用. 最初, 80%的BTI出口销售来自两个国家;因此,最初在海外出售的方法并没有达到预期目标. 然而, 所做的修改, 使得现在公司 经营, 销售超过80个国家. 总经理指出主要有三个出口扩张挑战 1. 产品和船运—BTI主要障碍是产品装配. 最初, 大多数的产品被聚集在美国, 这增加了运输包装费用. 有这么多的部分指定订购, 很多次定的东西到的时候有些零部件都丢失了. 失踪的零件价值上万美元. 装运这些失踪的部分也花费成千上万的美元, 外加一个延迟交货时间六到八周, 所有的费用都由BTI出. 2. 产品适应—在BTI80个出口国家中, 每个国家的安全, 产品标准都不同. 重量, 特殊证, 产品的规格要求, 测量系统的稳定性, 卡车都会因国别而不同. 作为一种准入障碍,以致很难使产品适应. 技术和安全标准的障碍, 作为一种保护国内产业的方法, 可以阻碍成功的进入外国市场 3. 市场的挑战—分销的重要性给BTI带来了很多挑战,因为他们试图根据他们的分销系统来确定每个国家如何操作. 有些国家已经从一个小的竞争对手, 只生产一种具有竞争力的产品而极具竞争力. 而BTI制造超过100种的产品. 营销资料是另一个BTI所关心的, 因为他们试图对经销商推动销售成本. 从翻译和文化差异的角度, 合适的市场营销资料可能会花费很多. 此外, 美国的纸张大小不同于别的一些国家, 当试图复制相同的布局和设计时, 就会出现许多问题. 分销已经成为BTI所面临的挑战之一, 公司宣称他们的分销网络是他们的竞争优势之一, 因为他们的分销商的位置和名字都是保密的. 另外, BTI每年有两次奉献: 培训分销商一年, 另一个是分销商会议. 产品, 航运, 产品适应性, 营销这些挑战,这些海外市场错综复杂需要时间和耐心. 另一个竞争优势是BTI的摇篮到坟墓的策略, 他们遵循产品销售到它的最终安息地, 无论卡车是出租或购买新的或用过的. 他们对该公司购买或租赁之前的产品都提供服务和设备维护计划和一份详细的费用分析. 扩大海外总是会面临挑战. 如总经理说, "如果你没有耐心(出口业务), 你最好做别的事." 知道如何快速适应提供必要的技能, 适应每个国家的不同需求, 以及独特的挑战, 使他们能够保持竞争力.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
• /
• pp.788-793
• /
• 2004

Internet-based distribution of digital contents provides great opportunities for producers, distributors and consumers, but it may seriously threaten users' privacy. The Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems which one of the major issues, concern the protection of the ownership/copyright of digital content. However, the most recent DRM systems do not support the protection of the user's personal information. This paper examines the lack of privacy in DRM systems. We describe a privacy policy and user's privacy preferences model that protect each user's personal information from privacy violation by DRM systems. We allow DRM privacy agent to automatically negotiate between the DRM system policy and user's privacy preferences to be disclosed on behalf of the user. We propose an effective negotiation algorithm for the DRM system. Privacy rules are created following the negotiation process to control access of the user's personal information in the DRM system. The proposed privacy negotiation algorithm can be adapted appropriately to the existing DRM systems to solve the privacy problem effectively.