• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.30-41
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• 2006

Recently. the herbal industry has expanded into the herbal dietary supplements industry, the herbal cosmetics industry, etc. But still the main form of herbal drug usage is water extraction- packaging after herb preparation in private clinics. There was no report or data of investigations about industrial herbal preparations. To search for a better plan of herbal drug improvement and popularization. we surveyed the present state of Korean herbal preparation production. We made an industrial herbal preparation list, investigated the total amount of production, the chief items of manufacture. names of prescriptions each item is based on. scales of each production company, etc., and report on them on this article.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.126-147
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• 2000

This paper empirically explores the nature of the medical service industry and its various propagation effects on the economy in the input-output model, as revealed by a comparative analysis between Korea and Japan. The main findings of the paper are as follows; First, the growth of medical industry induces above-average effect on employment. Second, the industry is of the characteristics of weak both backward and forward linkage effects implying a 'final demand dependency industry'. When compared with public service sectors, however, the medical services industry shows stronger backward linkage effect than those sectors. Furthermore, it has strong repercussion effects on the goods industries. Third, in order to produce per unit of services, the medical services industry of Korea uses relatively more drugs and medical devices than that of Japan. In general, it has been shown that production structure of medical service industry in Korea is 'hardware-oriented' one; on the other hand, 'software-oriented' in Japan which means that, as intermediate inputs, outsourcing and informatization has been used than those of Korea. From the findings of the paper it could be emphasized that the medical organizations in Korea should put more efforts on shifting the current hardware-oriented production structure to strengthen core competence by enhancing productivity and by outsourcing to improve efficiency of production process. However, the medical organizations in Korea would not have enough incentives for high value-added production structure because they enjoy high operating surplus. Therefore, it would be necessary that government policy should be taken into account of these environments.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to develop a growth prediction model that can predict growth and development information influencing the production of citrus fruits: the growth model algorithm that can predict floral leaf ratio, number of fruit sets, fruit width, and overweight depending on the main period of growth and development with consideration of the applied weather factors. Every year, large scale of manpower was mobilized to investigate the production of outdoor-grown citrus fruits, but it was limited to recycling the data without an observation supporting system to systemize the database. This study intends to create a systematical database based on the basic data obtained through the observation supporting system in application of an algorithm according to the accumulated long term data and prepare a base for its continuous improvement and development. The importance of the observed data is increasingly recognized every year, and the citrus fruit observation supporting system is important for utilizing an effective policy and decision making according to various applications and analysis results through an interconnection and an integration of the investigated statistical data. The citrus fruit is a representative crop having a great ripple effect in Jeju agriculture. An early prediction of the growth and development information influencing the production of citrus fruits may be helpful for decision making in supply and demand control of agricultural products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.307-310
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• 2000

Recently, the demand for the Floating, Production Storage, and Offloading facility(FPSO) which has some economic and technical advantages, has increased in offshore oil production areas. The basic characteristics of a 343,000 DWT class FPSO which is being built in Hyundai Heavy Industries and shall be installed in offshore Angola, is almost same as that of oil carriers. However, she do not have self-propulsion system, but has additional facilities for oil production and positioning system. Main noise source contributing to the cabin noise of the accommodation, are classified into the machine in the engine room and the deckhouse, HVAC system, and the topside equipments. In general, the noise regulation for the offshore structure is much severer than that of the common commercial ships and the maximum acceptable sound pressure level of cabins is specified in 45dB(A). This paper describes the procedure of noise analysis along with its results. Noise analysis has been carried out for the case of emergency diesel generator running condition and the case of normal production condition and the results has been compared with the measurement results of the first case. Based on the results, proper countermeasures to reduce excessive noise level has been applied considering the characteristics of sources and receiver spaces and can be satisfied the specifications at all spaces.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.15-23
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to identify the role of technological progress in the distribution sector in Saudi Arabia. Research design, data, and methodology: The study applies the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to estimate the Cobb Douglas production function of the wholesale and retail trade sector in Saudi Arabia, relied on annual data from the General Authority for Statistics from 2005 to 2019. Results: The results show that there is a long run relationship between the production of the wholesale and retail trade sector in KSA and the factors of production labour, capital and technology progress. The elasticity of the wholesale and retail trade production with respect to capital and labour are 0.26 and 0.78 respectively; the coefficients are positive and statistically significant. The wholesale and retail trade sector is operating under increasing returns to scale. The main result indicates that the elasticity of the wholesale and retail production with respect to the technology progress is 4.62%, which is positive and statistically significant. Conclusions: The study concluded that technological progress has a positive contribution to the growth of the distribution sector in KSA. Therefore, the technological progress can improve the productivity and efficiency of the resources allocated to the dis.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1195-1204
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro fermentation profiles of different soybean oligosaccharides (SBOs) and their effects on skatole production and cecal microbiota of broilers. Methods: Five SBOs with varying main component contents were fermented using an in vitro batch incubation inoculated with broiler cecal microbiota. Gas production was recorded automatically, skatole, indole and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, and microbial changes were analyzed using 16S DNA gene sequencing. Results: The addition of SBOs increased (p<0.05) gas production, suggesting bacterial growth-stimulating activities. In addition, the concentrations of indole were significantly (p<0.05) decreased after SBO supplementation, and SBO III, with higher sucrose and stachyose contents, decreased (p<0.05) the skatole level. Our results also revealed that the fermentation of SBOs by cecal microbiota produced (p<0.05) SCFAs, which were dominated by propionic acid, butyrate acid and lactic acid compared to the control. In addition, SBO III increased (p<0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes and Subdoligranulum and decreased that of Bacteroides. Conclusion: These results suggest that SBOs with higher sucrose and stachyose contents are promising prebiotics in modulating gut microbiota and reducing odor emission in broilers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1479-1484
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• 2022

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is gaining attention as a carbon-neutral alternative to plant cellulose, and as a means to prevent deforestation and achieve a carbon-neutral society. However, the high cost of fermentation media for BC production is a barrier to its industrialization. In this study, chestnut shell (CS) hydrolysates were used as a carbon source for the BC-producing bacteria strain, Gluconacetobacter xylinus ATCC 53524. To evaluate the suitability of the CS hydrolysates, major inhibitors in the hydrolysates were analyzed, and BC production was profiled during fermentation. CS hydrolysates (40 g glucose/l) contained 1.9 g/l acetic acid when applied directly to the main medium. As a result, the BC concentration at 96 h using the control group and CS hydrolysates was 12.5 g/l and 16.7 g/l, respectively (1.3-fold improved). In addition, the surface morphology of BC derived from CS hydrolysates revealed more densely packed nanofibrils than the control group. In the microbial BC production using CS, the hydrolysate had no inhibitory effect during fermentation, suggesting it is a suitable feedstock for a sustainable and eco-friendly biorefinery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to valorize CS by utilizing it in BC production.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.58-58
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• 2022

With the development of advanced technology, automation of agricultural work is spreading. In association with the 4th industrial revolution-based technology, research on field smart farm technology is being actively conducted. A state-of-the-art unmanned automated agricultural production demonstration complex was established in Naju-si, Jeollanam-do. For the operation of the demonstration area platform, it is necessary to build a sophisticated, advanced, and intelligent field smart farming model. For the operation of the unmanned automated agricultural production demonstration area platform, we are building data on the growth of soybean for smart cultivated crops and conducting research to determine the optimal time for agricultural work. In order to operate an unmanned automation platform, data is collected to discover digital factors for water management immediately after planting, water management during the growing season, and determination of harvest time. A subsurface drip irrigation system was established for smart water management. Irrigation was carried out when the soil moisture was less than 20%. For effective water management, soil moisture was measured at the surface, 15cm, and 30cm depth. Vegetation indices were collected using drones to find key factors in soybean production prediction. In addition, major growth characteristics such as stem length, number of branches, number of nodes on the main stem, leaf area index, and dry weight were investigated. By discovering digital factors for effective decision-making through data construction, it is expected to greatly enhance the efficiency of the operation of the unmanned automated agricultural production demonstration area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.181-184
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• 2003

We manufactured standard motor to measure burning rate of propellant, used to estimate burning rate of main motor by static fired testing. We installed static fired testing facility and developed standard motor more lightly to accomplish the test. As a result of the tests, we could get the burning rate closer than acquired by existing method to the main motor's on. And we confirmed repeatability by many times of tests. We will use this method positively for R&D and quality assurance activity of mass production.