• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 1998

Distribution structure is the link between a society's needs and its industrial responses. A change in distribution structure brings about a consumption structure which may results in considerable changes in lifestyle including food habits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a effect of change of distribution structure on the food purchase. The survey was carried from May to June, 1997 by way of questionnaire of 407 housewives, aged 23-64 years, in Seoul and the capital area. The questionaire consists of sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects and distribution channel, information route of food selection, acknowledgement and coefficient of utilization of new distribution channel, mainly used distribution channel in food purchase, important factors in food selection, and food purchasing behavior. Their data were statistically analyzed based on frequency, mean, and $X^2-test$. The major findings of this study were as follows; 1) Most frequently used distribution channels in food purchase were supermarket(38.53%), department store(15.23%), discount store(14.05%), a conventional retail market(13.87%), membership wholesale club(8.07%), and a conventional wholesale market(6.53%). 2) The new distribution channels that subjects have ever used were discount store(75.4% of the subject), membership wholesale club(63%), mail order house(32%), outlet store(29.4%), home shopping(10.3%). 3) Compared to the subject living far from the new distribution channel, the subject living close to the new distribution channel was higher in frequency of new distribution channel utilization. These observations suggest that change of the distribution structure promotes the change of the food purchasing behavior.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.20 no.2 s.22
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• pp.270-279
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• 1987

In all enterprises of Korea employing workers more than five, employeers have a duty of conducting a periodic health screening for improvement and maintaining healthful living and working conditions of employees. The health screening is performed annually in line workers and biennially in table workers under the supervision of the government. But there are some argument to the health screening programme in view of effectiveness, efficiency, reliability and etc. In order to obtain basic reference materials for increasing the efficiency of peridoic health screening programme for workers and understand the attitude of health screening institutions and enterprises toward the periodic health screening, mail questionnaire survey was conducted in July 1987. The questionnaire sent to 950 health screening institutions. and 700 enterprises in whole land but they were returned from 254 health istitutions and 187 enterprises, which were analyzed. The results were as follows: 1) The attitude of the respondents toward the necessity and benefit of the periodic health screening was showed highly positive responses in both of screening institutions and enterprises, and it was more positive in screening institutions. The attitude toward the affirmative and the contentment was showed less positive than that of the necessity and benefit. 2) The respondent recognized may problems on regard to the screening programme. The health screening institutions lie in the state of competition with other institutions for undertaking the screening programme. 3) One of major complaints from enterprises was the lack of sincerity in performing the screening programme. They wanted more practical and reliable health screening examination rather than showy one. 4) Health screening institutions and enterprises showed some mutual contradictions in the matter of screening fee, and so the screening fee should be adjusted to the appropriate cost.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to seek the direction of community health nursing practice education focus on the nursing education accreditation criteria. Methods: We collected data through e-mail survey to all of 202 Korean nursing baccalaureate education institute in April, 2016. The 93 professors teaching community health nursing was responded about their affiliated institute (response rate 46.0%). Results: The Korean nursing graduates in Feb. 2016 was practiced 3.01 credits, 131.6 hours in community health nursing course. Community health nursing practice agency was public health center (98.9%), Public health center post (43.0%), Public health center branch (32.3%) in order. The possibility to achieve the course objectives up to national examination was recognised Public health center (3.4), Public health center post (3.3), Public health center branch and school (3.2) from 5 score likert scale. A lot of nursing education institute have difficulty in clinical placement in community health nursing practice agency that meet eligibility of preceptor and space gaining for only nursing students. Conclusion: The nursing education accreditation criteria in 3rd cycle have to be considered real community health nursing practice situation and newly emerging community health nursing fields.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.225-237
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• 1997

This study was conducted to the cognition and attitude for internal and external organizational behavior of health centers staff. An analytical model employed in this study was developed by modifying 'organizational behavior model'. Data was collected a mail survey of officers at health center, including 66 directors and 1,768 staffs of the health centers in southern region. The major findings are as follows : Among directors of the health centers 47% of them stated that legislators and chief executive officer(CEO) of local governments are highly concerned about the public health program. However only 15.2% of health center directors reported that legislators and CEO put public health high priority. For leadership type of directors 39.0% of them was classified as controller, 30.3% as participant, 22.7% entertaining and 7.6% comprehending. Regarding sociopsychological characteristics of the health center staffs, about a quarter of them had high degree of group cohesion, while 10.7% had low degree. Those staffs who are older, high educational level, or working in the rural health centers showed higher degree of cohesion than those who are young, low educational level, or working in urban health center. A third of them were less likely to be satisfied by what they are doing at the health centers. The higher educational level, the likely to be satisfied by what they are doing at the health centers. The higher educational level, the more satisfied with their job. Considering these results, policy implication was discussed and suggested. It is suggested that educational efforts be made to improve leadership of the health center directors and concern with public health program by the CEOs and legislators of local governments.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.211-224
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• 2009

This retrospective study was to analyze the inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve damage after the removal of mandibular third molars. In this questionnaire study, the subjects chosen for this study were 2472 dentists who answered the questionnaire about numbness after the extraction of lower third molars. The data collected by E-mail and web site included the incidence of removal of the lower third molars, the incidence and the experience of numbness of the inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve, rate and duration of recovery, the influence in day life after the long-term sensory loss, the period and amount of the indemnity in the case of medical dispute. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The experience rate and the incidence rate of the inferior alveolar nerve numbness by oral surgeons in the past year were19.9% and 0.14%. Those of the lingual nerve by oral surgeon were 7.7% and 0.05%.2. The experience rate and the incidence rate of the inferior alveolar nerve numbness by the dentists except oral surgeons in the past year were 9.7% and 0.19%. Those of the lingual nerve by the dentists except oral surgeons were 5.5% and 0.11%.3. The recovery rate of the inferior alveolar nerve after 1 year and 2 years were 85.6% and 91.3%. The recovery rate of the lingual nerve after 1 year and 2 years were 84.8% and 89.3%.In conclusion, most of numbness may be recovered within 2 years. However the possibility of long term and persistent numbness should not be neglected. Therefore practitioner must inform the possibility of nerve injury and include this possibility in the consent forms.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2010

As a cross-sectional study, this study was aimed to investigate and compare the job efficiency and satisfaction of nurses according to the hospital grade. Survey was conducted by mail on June 2009, and the respondents were 1,016 nurses working in 15 hospitals which are 9 high-grade general hospitals and 6 general hospitals. The percent of nurses acknowledging their hospital grades is 34.5%, and that is 20.5% at high-grade general hospitals. As the result of review of studies, it is concluded that under the circumstance that differential rates are contracted to calculate fees for hospital services and copayment of patients are according to nursing grades and hospital grades, the degree of nurses' awareness of insurance fees impact on their performance like recording of care and prescription. In order to improve nurses' performance, they need to be educated about the national insurance fee system. In hospitals with higher nursing grade and more beds, the levels of nursing quality and faithfulnes and their job satisfaction were higher. Nurses' awareness of their hospital nursing grade was related to the quality of nursing but not the faithfulness. Nurses working in higher nursing-grade hospital are more self-respect and satisfied at their jobs, and their job efficiencies are not significantly different. The current nursing fees based on the proper number of nurses per beds of nursing units should be changed to be based on the amount of job per nurse by their nursing protocol, and the nurse staffing standard should be differentiated between nursing grades. As the aspect of nursing, 24-hours patient care, it is difficult to improve nurses' job satisfaction, and in the other hand, that tends to depend on their income level. In the current circumstance, comprehensive research is required to investigate the propriety of 25% of the inpatient fees as the nursing management charge.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2018

Purpose - This study is to investigate the effects of consumption motives of restaurant customers on the perception of the importance of restaurant attributes, and to determine the influence of the consumption motives on the empirical and functional attributes between Vietnam and Korea. Research design, data, and methodology - Questionnaire items from previous studies were revised to fit the research purpose of the present study. From August 1 to August 25, 2017, questionnaires were simultaneously administered in Korea and Vietnam using both on-line and off-line survey methods (including SNS and e-mail). With 381 surveyed questionnaires in Vietnam(219) and Korea(162), this study was conducted by using SPSS 22.0 to verify the reliability and validity of the measured variables. Structural equation model (SEM) was employed as a statistical method for the hypotheses test of this study. Results - The results showed that hedonic eating-out motive has more influence on the importance of empirical attribute than that of functional attribute in restaurant. In addition, utilitarian eating-out motive has more influence on functional attributes than empirical attributes. However, these relationships showed the difference between countries in Vietnam and Korea. As for in Korea, consumers' hedonic and utilitarian motives of eating-out were more influential on experimental and functional attributes. Conclusions - This study analyzed the influence on the importance of the eating-out motives of restaurant attributes and how this differed between Vietnamese and Korean.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.107-122
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• 1998

Visitor Impact Management (VIM) framework was developed in the United States to help recreation resources management to be more systematic and effective. It consists of a series of steps from examining problems and their causes to planning and implementing management strategies in order to solve the problems. This study was conducted to find management problems in Moodeung-san Provincial Park and suggest some alternatives based on VIM framework. Data were collected by on-site survey and a mail-back questionnaire in August of 1996 in Moodeung-san Provincial Park. Out of 1173, 519 respondents (44.2%) were used for the study. According to the study results, there were differences between users' perceptions about the present use of the park and the users' personal norms about the use of the park. That is, while 46% of the respondents considered the park should be used as 'the place for calm and meditiation,' only 19% of the respondents considered the park had been used as 'the place for calm and meditation.' Three social indicators (the number of users, the number of seeing others' inconsiderate behaviors, and the crime) and four ecological indicators (littering, human waste, trail conditions, and water quality of Moodeung-san valleys) were selected for the major managerial indicators of the study area. Generally, five out of 7 selected indicators were in worse conditions than the evaluative standards, Five indicators which were evaluated as in worse conditions include two social indicators (the number of users and the number of seeing others' inconsiderate behaviors) and three ecological indicators (littering, human waste and trail conditions). Two other indicators such as water quality of Moodeung-san valley and the crime were identified to be important for users' recreational experience. More concerns and systematic investigations on these indicators are needed. This study discussed some management strategies to solve the identified problems, and introduced how mangers may make use of these information for recreation resource menagement in the park.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.79-91
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose was to study the market of traditional Korean medical devices and survey, list and number medical devices in traditional Korean medical clinics. Methods: we researched in three ways. 1. We investigated the list of devices regarded as traditional Korean medical devices in 'Report on production, export, and import of medical devices.' 2. We investigated the statistics of medical devices equipped in traditional Korean medical clinics through the website of the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. 3. We surveyed medical devices in traditional Korean medical clinics by mail. Results: 1. We could not directly investigate the market for traditional Korean medical devices because they were not categorized as such ('traditional Korean medical devices'). 2. The number of medical devices in traditional Korean medical clinics has increased alongside the increase of traditional Korean medical clinics. 3. Traditional Korean medical clinics hold over 64,962 medical devices and have below 50 percent of traditional Korean medical diagnosis devices. 4. Meridian function testing machines, pulse diagnosis devices, and yangdorak showed ranking of equipment-ratio equal to ranking of insurance fees. Conclusions: Traditional Korean medical device regulations should be enacted following definitive and concrete Korean traditional medical concepts by the Korean traditional medical society.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.374-382
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• 2006

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the characteristics of dietitians, the characteristics of school food services, equipment ratio of HACCP facility/equipment and perception of barriers to HACCP implementation on external and internal audit of food safety/sanitation management performance in school food service. An e-mail survey was conducted with 144 dietitians in Gyeongbuk Province. A response rate was 57.6% (N = 83) and data was analyzed using SPSS windows (ver. 12.0). Dietitian perceived facilities/equipment-related and stakeholder-related as the big barriers in implementing a HACCP system. Total scores of sanitation/safety management performance for external and internal audit were similar at 92 and 91 out of 100, respectively. 'Facilities/equipment' and 'HACCP system' categories in both external and internal audit were rated the lowest. As dietitian perceived facilities/equipment-related (p < 0.001) and stakeholder-related (p < 0.05) barriers to HACCP implementation were greater, the scores of the external and internal audits were significantly lower. As dietitian perceived barriers for all categories were greater, the scores of internal audits were significantly lower (p <0.05). As a result of multiple regression analyses, the scores of the external audit was positively associated with career as a school food service dietitian, but was negatively associated with barriers related to facility/equipment, while the scores of the internal audit was negatively associated with barriers related to facility/equipment and employees. This study suggests that supporting programs on securing the facilities/equipment and employee training are needed for successful HACCP implementation in school food service.