• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.378-384
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• 2001

In this study, nanostructured Fe-Ce powder with grain size of 10nm was produced by MA (mechanical alloying) process and was consolidated by PECS (pulse electric current sintering) process for the fabrication of bulk nanostructured Fe-Co softmagnetic alloy. PECS process was performed at 700, 800, 900 and $^1000{\circ}C$ with holding time ranging from 0 to 15min. The effectiveness of PECS Process to Produce nanostructured bulk specimens was estimated. The optimal PECS process condition for nanostructured Fe-Co powders was found through observing the change of relative density and microstructure with sintering temperature and holding time. The magnetic properties of the sintered specimens were evaluated through the measurement of coercivity and saturation magnetization.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1999

$Y_{2.5}La_{0.5}Fe_5O_{12}$ is fabricated by a sol-gel method and the magnetic properties of single phase garnet are investigated by using X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, scanning electron microscopy and M$\"{o}$ssbauer spectroscopy. The single phase powders garnet was fired at 100$0^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours. The crystal structures of samples are cubic garnet. Mossbauer spectroscopy were measured from 13 K to 750 K. M$\"{o}$ssbauer spectra show that the iron exist ferric trivalence in sample. The spin wave constants were determined $B_{3/2}=0.32{\pm}0.05,\; C_{5/2}=0.18{\pm}0.05$ and Debye temperature were determined 382 K at 24(d) site and 246 K at 16(a)-site. The saturation magnetization $M_s$ of powder is 25 emu/g. 25 emu/g.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.190-196
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• 2007

Dye sensitized solar cells(DSSC) are the most promising future energy resource due to their high energy efficiency, low production cost, and simple manufacturing process. But one problem in DSSC is short life time compared to silicon solar cells. This problem occurred from photocatalytic degradation of dye material by nanometer sized $TiO_2$ particles. To prevent dye degradation as well as to increase its life time, the transparent coating film is needed for UV blocking. In this study, we synthesized nanometer sized $TiO_2$ particles in sols by increasing its internal pressure up to 200 bar in autoclave at $120^{\circ}C$ for 10 hrs. The synthesized $TiO_2$ sols were all formed with brookite phase and their particle size was several nm to 30 nm. Synthesized $TiO_2$ sols were coated on the backside of fluorine doped tin oxide(FTO) glass by ink jet printing method. With increasing coating thickness by repeated ink jet coating, the absorbance of UV region (under 400 nm) also increases reasonably. Decomposition test of titania powders dispersed in 0.1 mM amaranth solution covered with $TiO_2$ coating glass shows more stable dye properties under UV irradiation, compared to that with as-received FTO glass.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.15-18
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• 2007

The sub micron sized spherical $MgB_2$ powders were synthesized by spray reaction method. $MgB_2$ tapes with Al addition were fabricated by Powder in Tube (PIT) method. The superconducting property and microstructure of Al doped $MgB_2$ tapes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and transport measurement under magnetic field. The $J_c$ value of $MgB_2$ tapes was increased with 10 vol. % Al addition. The $J_c$ value of 5,500 A/$cm^2$ and 11,000 A/$cm^2$ at 4.2 K and 5 T were obtained for the $MgB_2$ tape and 10 vol. % of Al added $MgB_2$ tape without heat treatment, respectively. The $J_c$ value of 8,000 A/$cm^2$ and 33,000 A/$cm^2$ at 4.2 K and 5 T were obtained for the $MgB_2$ tape and 10 vol. % of Al added $MgB_2$ tape with heat treatment, respectively. The $J_c$-B curves show enhancement in $J_c$ (B), which suggests that the microstructure and transport properties of $MgB_2$ tapes have been improved with Al addition.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.274-279
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• 2024

Eu³⁺-doped BaZrO₃ (BaZrO₃:Eu³⁺) phosphor powders were prepared using a solid-state reaction by changing the molar concentration of Eu³⁺ within the range of 0.5 to 30 mol%. Irrespective of the molar concentration of Eu³⁺ ions, the crystal structures of all the phosphors were cubic. The excitation spectra of BaZrO₃:Eu³⁺ phosphors consisted of an intense broad band centered at 277 nm in the range of 230~320 nm. The emission spectra were composed of a dominant orange band at 595 nm arising from the ⁵D₀→⁷F₁ magnetic dipole transition of Eu³⁺ and two weak emission bands centered at 574 and 615 nm, respectively. As the concentration of Eu³⁺ increased from 0.5 to 10 mol%, the intensities of all the emission bands gradually increased, approached maxima at 10 mol% of Eu³⁺ ions, and then showed a decreasing tendency with further increase in the Eu³⁺ ions due to the concentration quenching. The critical distance between neighboring Eu³⁺ ions for concentration quenching was calculated to be 11.21 Å, indicating that dipole-dipole interaction was the main mechanism of concentration quenching of BaZrO₃:Eu³⁺ phosphors. The results suggest that the orange emission intensity can be modulated by doping the appropriate concentration of Eu³⁺ ions.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.270-275
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• 2005

Dust cores (compressed powder cores) of $Fe-6.0wt\%Si$ alloy with a size of $35\~180\;{\mu}m$ in diameter have been prepared by phosphate coatings and annealings at $600\~900^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in nitrogen atmosphere. Further the magnetic and mechanical properties of the powder cores were investigated. As a general trends, the compressive strength and core loss decreased with the increase in annealing temperature. When annealed at $800^{\circ}C$, the compressive strength was 15 kgf, the permeability and quality factor were 74 and 26, respectively. Moreover the core loss at 50 kHz and 0.1 T induction was $750\;mW/cm^3$, and the percent permeability under the static field of 50 Oe was estimated to be about 78. In addition, the cut-off frequency in the cure representing the frequency dependence of effective permeability was measured to be around 200 kHz. These properties of the $Fe-6.0wt\%Si$ alloy dust cores could be considered to be due to the good insulation effect of iron-phosphate coats, the decrease in magnetocrystalline anisotropy and saturation magnetostriction and the increase in electric resistivity.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2004

The annealing-temperature dependence of magnetic properties in compressed powder cores being composed of ball-milled F $e_{73.5}$C $u_1$N $b_3$S $i_{15.5}$ $B_{7}$ alloy powders (size 250∼850${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and 5 wt% of ceramic insulators has been investigated. When annealed at 5$50^{\circ}C$ for 1 h and so transformed to $\alpha$-Fe phase nanocrystalline structure with the grain size of 11 nm (electrical resistivity : 110 $\mu$Ω$.$cm), the highest effective permeability of 125 and quality factor of 53 were obtained, and the permeability persisted up to about 500 KHz. Further the core loss measured at the frequency of 50 KHz and the induction amplitude of 0.1 T was very low (230 mW/㎤). However the dc bias characteristics was not satisfactory as compared to that of conventional powder core materials(MPP, Sendust etc.). The inferior dc bias property of F $e_{73.5}$C $u_1$N $b_3$S $i_{15.5}$ $B_{7}$ alloy powder cores was attributed to the fact that the size of powder was too large for obtaining the same permeability with that of conventional materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.63-63
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• 2002

현재 기계적 합금화법에서는 주로 합금을 구성하는 성분원소 분말을 불활성분위기에서 볼밀처리 함으로써 함금화를 시키거나 모합금에 산화물을 분산시켜 복합화시키는 공정을 통하여 각종 화합물, 비정질상 및 과포화고용체등의 준안정상의 합성 뿐만이 아니라 초미세조직의 생성에 관한 폭 넓은 분야의 연구가 행하여지고 있다. 한편 MA에서는 볼멀처리중 기계적 에너지의 투여에 의하여 실제 반응온도보다 낮은 온도에서 발생하는 특이한 화학반응 즉 Mechanochemical 반응을 일으키 기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 헤마타이트($Fe_20_3$)와 금속윈소인 Ti의 MA처리에 의하여 고상환원반응 을 유기시켜 $Fe-TiO_2$계 nanocomposite 분말재료를 제조하고자 한다. 특히 MA 공정에 있어서 자기 물성의 변화와 X선 회절을 통하여 고상환원반응에 의한 복합분말의 생성과정을 조사하였다. 출발원료는 $Fe_20_3$(고순도화학제,99.9%, 평균입경 0.1$\mu\textrm{m}$)와 금속원소인 Ti(99.9%, 명균업경 150$\mu\textrm{m}$)을 몰비 2:3의 조성이 되도록 하여 MA를 실시하였다. 볼멀은 고에너지 유성형 볼밀장치(독일 제, Fritsch P-5)를 이용하였으며 진공치환형 용기에 원료분말을 장입하여 2회정도 진공배기한 후 아르곤 가스를 충전하여 볼밀을 행하였다. 얻어진 분말시료에 대하여 x-선 회절장치, 전자현미경 (SEM) 및 진동시료형자력계(VSM)를 통하여 결정구조, 미셰조직 빛 자기특성을 조사하였다. $Fe_2O_3-Ti$ 혼합분말의 MA처리 에 의하여 초기단계부터 환원반응과 함께 $Fe_3TIO_{lO}$ 중간상이 관찰 되었으나 30hrs의 MA처리 후 Fe와 산화물 $TiO_2$로 모두 환원되어 $Fe-TiO_2$계 나노복합분말이 얻어짐을 알 수 있었다. 이 때 X션 회절피크의 line broadening으로부터 복합분말의 Fe 명균 결정립 크기는 24nm로 초미세 결정럽의 분말합금이었다. 포화자화값은 볼밀처리에 따라 점점 증가하여 MA 30시간에는 20.3emu/g로 포화됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 보자력 Hc는 MA초기단계에 350e로 매우 낮으나 30시간 후에는 Hc값이 2600e로 매우 큰 값을 나타내었다. 이것은 환원반응결과 초기에 생성된 Fe의 결정립이 비교적 크고 결정결함이 적으나 볼밀처리를 30시간까지 행하면 Fe 결정렵의 미세화 빛 strain 증가로 magnetic hardening이 일어나기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.203-208
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• 2009

Magnetic and Ka-band absorbing properties have been investigated in Ti-Co substituted M-type barium hexaferrites with $BaTi_{0.5}Co_{0.5}Fe_{11}O_{19}$ composition. The ferrite powders were prepared by conventional ceramic processing technique and used as absorbent fillers in ferrite-rubber composites. The magnetic properties were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer. The complex permeability and dielectric constant were measured by using the WR-28 rectangular waveguide and network analyzer in the frequency range 26.5~40 GHz. For the Ti-Co substituted M-hexaferrites, the ferromagnetic resonance is observed at Ka-band (29.4 GHz). The matching frequency and matching thickness are determined by using the solution map of impedance matching. A wide band microwave absorbance is predicted with controlled ferrite volume fraction and absorber thickness.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.120-125
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• 2008

In this study, NiCoZn ferrites with the variation of sintering temperature and chemical composition were prepared by the coprecipitation. Microstructures Crystal structure of NiCoZn ferrites were analyzed by XRD and their electric magnetic characteristics were analyzed by LCR meter and their morphology observed by SEM. We identified that these powders have a typical NiCoZn spinel structure and nanoparticles average size of 40 nm. The impurity, the initial permeability and the Q factor value are the lowest of sintered NiCoZn ferrite at $1250^{\circ}C$. Also, we measured S-parameter for $(Ni_{0.4}Co_{0.1}Zn_{0.5})Fe_2O_4$ which showed a maximum reflection loss of -3.1 dB at 6 GHz for the 2 mm thick sample. From this result, we found that the NiCoZn ferrite can be used in ferrite microwave-absorbing application at a higher frequency region (> 6 GHz).