• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.644-647
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• 2004

Modulus of rupture (MOR) and flexural toughness in hybrid fiber reinforced cement pastes mixed with micro-fiber (carbon fiber) and macro-fiber (steel fiber) and replaced with silica fume according to the fixed ratio were researched. Reinforcing efficiency in specimens were estimated by two factors, such as strengthening factor $(F_s)$ and toughening factor $(F_t)$, which were calculated from the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the response values, such as MOR and absorbtion energy $(W_0)$. According to the experimental design by the fractional orthogonal array, nine hybrid fibrous reinforced paste series and one non-reinforced control paste were manufactured. Specimens of each series were tested by the INSTRON Inc. 8502(model) equipment in three-points bending and then measured the load-deflection response relationships. Considerable strengthening of cement pastes resulted in' the case of other factors without carbon fiber and toughening of cement pastes about all factors showed high. Based on the significance of factors related to response values from ANOVA, following assessments were available; $F_s$ or MOR: silica fume $\gg$ steel fiber $\gg$ carbon fiber; $F_t\;or\;W_0$: steel fiber > carbon fiber > silica fume. Optimized composition condition was estimated by steel fiber of $1.5\%$, carbon fiber of $0.5\%$ and silica fume $7.5\%$ in side of strengthening and steel fiber of $1.5\%$, carbon fiber of $0.75\%$ and silica fume $7.5\%$ in side of toughening.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.651-658
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• 2010

콘크리트의 슬럼프와 역학적특성에 대한 마이크로 섬유와 매크로 섬유의 영향을 파악하기 위하여 강섬유와 PVA 섬유로 하이브리드 보강된 콘크리트 16배합과 무보강 콘크리트 1배합을 실험하였다. 주요 변수는 강섬유와 PVA 섬유의 체적비 및 길이이다. 하이브리드 섬유보강 콘크리트의 역학적특성들은 섬유보강지수에 따라 분석되었으며, 강섬유 또는 PVA 섬유만으로 보강된 콘크리트와 비교하였다. 하이브리드 섬유보강 콘크리트의 슬럼프는 섬유 체적비와 형상비 증가와 함께 감소하였으며, 할렬인장강도, 파괴계수, 탄성계수 및 휨 인성지수는 섬유보강지수의 증가와 함께 증가하였다. 단일 섬유보강 콘크리트의 섬유체적비에 비해 낮은 체적비를 갖는 하이브리드 섬유보강 콘크리트의 파괴계수와 휨인성지수는 단일 섬유보강 콘크리트에 비해 높았다. 하이브리드 섬유보강 콘크리트의 휨 인성 향상을 위해서는 30 mm와 60 mm 길이의 강섬유를 함께 사용하는 것보다는 60 mm 강섬유만을 사용하는 것이 효율적이었다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2013

시멘트 콘크리트 포장은 중차량에 대한 뛰어난 적용성과 장기간의 공용성을 지녔고, 아스팔트보다 구입이 용이하여 내구성 및 경제적 측면에서 우수한 장점을 가지고 있으나, 아스팔트 포장에 비해 노후화 되거나 파손이 발생할 경우 대규모 유지보수가 발생할 수 있는 단점이 있다. 콘크리트 포장의 손상은 대부분 균열에 의한 것으로 콘크리트 포장의 초기 및 장기균열을 제어할 수 있는 기술 확보가 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 일반적인 구조용 콘크리트 배합에 비해 단위수량이 낮고 굵은 골재 최대 치수가 큰 콘크리트 포장 배합에서의 섬유보강 효과를 평가하기 위해 직경이 작고 형상비가 큰 마이크로 섬유와 직경이 크고 형상비가 작은 매크로 섬유로 하이브리드 보강된 콘크리트 포장용 배합에 대한 기본적인 성능실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 콘크리트 포장 배합의 섬유보강 효과는 일반 구조용 콘크리트 배합에 비해 낮은 것으로 나타났으나 하이브리드 섬유로 보강된 콘크리트 포장 배합은 휨강도 및 인성보강 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 특히 하이브리드 섬유보강 콘크리트는 포장 손상의 주요 요인인 콘크리트 포장의 초기 건조수축을 제어하는데 매우 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.501-515
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• 2014

This paper presents a linear computational homogenization framework to evaluate the effective (or generalized) electromechanical coupling coefficient (EMCC) of adaptive structures with piezoelectric structural fiber (PSF) composite elements. The PSF consists of a silicon carbide (SiC) or carbon core fiber as reinforcement to a fragile piezo-ceramic shell. For the micro-scale analysis, a micromechanics model based on the variational asymptotic method for unit cell homogenization (VAMUCH) is used to evaluate the overall electromechanical properties of the PSF composites. At the macro-scale, a finite element (FE) analysis with the commercial FE code ABAQUS is performed to evaluate the effective EMCC for structures with the PSF composite patches. The EMCC is postprocessed from free-vibrations analysis under short-circuit (SC) and open-circuit (OC) electrodes of the patches. This linear two-scale computational framework may be useful for the optimal design of active structure multi-functional composites which can be used for multi-functional applications such as structural health monitoring, power harvest, vibration sensing and control, damping, and shape control through anisotropic actuation.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.753-756
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• 2008

일반 콘크리트에 비해 상대적으로 높은 인성과 연성의 특징을 갖는 HPFRCC는 과도한 하중을 받는 구조 부재 혹은, 내구적으로 취약한 부재 등에 사용될 수 있으며, 기존의 연구에 의하면 PVA섬유를 이용한 HPFRCC의 경우 혼입률 2%에서 가장 높은 휨 성능이 나타난다고 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 길이가 다른 두 종류의 PVA 섬유를 사용하여 상대적으로 짧은 섬유는 작은 균열(microcrack)을, 상대적으로 긴 섬유는 큰 균열(macrocrack)을 보다 효과적으로 제어하는 최적혼입비를 찾기 위하여 전체 PVA 혼입률을 2%로 고정시킨 채 두 섬유의 혼입률을 달리하여 각 혼입비에 따른 압축 및 휨 강도 테스트를 실시하였다. 또한 강섬유와 PVA 섬유를 동시에 하이브리드 보강한 콘크리트 부재에 대해서도 같은 실험을 실시하여 비교 분석하여 가장 높은 휨 성능을 나타낼 수 있는 최적배합을 찾고자 한다. 실험 결과 1.6%의 단섬유(12mm)와 0.4%의 장섬유(30mm)로 이루어진 시편에서 가장 높은 휨 성능을 보였으며, 2%의 PVA 섬유가 혼입된 부재에 대하여 소량의 강섬유 혼입 시 휨 성능이 다소 향상 되지만 많은 혼입량은 오히려 휨 성능의 저하를 초래하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1896-1911
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• 1997

Effects of fiber-matrix interphases on the micro-and macro-mechanical behaviors of unidirectionally fiber-reinforced composites subjected to transverse shear loading at remote distance have been studied. The interphases between fibers and matrix have been modeled by the spring-layer which accounts for continuity of tractions, but allows radial and circumferential displacement jumps across the interphase that are linearly related to the normal and tangential tractions. Numerical calculations for basic cells of the composites have been carried out using the boundary element method. For an undamaged composite the micro-level stresses at the matrix side of the interphase and effective shear stiffness have been computed as functions of fiber volume ratio $V_f$ and interphase stiffness k. Results are presented for various interphase stiffnesses from the perfect bonding to the case of total debonding. For a square array composite the results show that for a high interphase stiffness k>10, an increase of $V_f$ increases the effective transverse shear modulus G over bar of the composite. For a relatively low interphase stiffness k<1, it is shwon that an increase of $V_f$ slightly decreases the effective transverse shear modulus. For the perfect bonding case, G over bar for a hexagonal array composite is slightly larger than that for a square array composite. Also for a damaged composite partially debonded at the interphase, local stress fields and effective shear modulus are calculated and a decrease in G over bar has been observed.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.3176-3183
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• 2010

본 논문은 다축 하중을 받는 복합재 압력용기의 멀티 스케일 피로수명 예측 방법을 제시하였다. 멀티 스케일 접근법은 복합재료의 기본 구성재료인 섬유, 기지 및 섬유/기지 경계면의 거동으로부터 복합재 플라이, 적층판 및 구조물의 전체 거동을 예측한다. 멀티 스케일 피로수명은 거시적 응력 해석과 미시적 피로파손 해석을 통해 예측된다. 유한요소법을 이용하여 복합재 압력용기의 적층판에 가해지는 다축 피로하중을 구하며, 고전적층판이론을 이용하여 적층판의 플라이 응력을 계산하였다. 미소역학 모델을 이용하여 플라이 응력으로부터 각각 섬유, 기지 및 섬유/기지 경계면에 발생되는 응력을 계산하였다. 복합재 구성재료의 피로수명은 섬유에 대해서는 최대응력법을, 기지에 대해서는 등가응력법을, 섬유/기지 경계면에 대해서는 임계평면법을 사용하였다. 평균응력을 고려하기 위하여 수정된 Goodman 식을 적용하였다. 모든 피로하중에 의한 손상은 Miner 법칙을 이용하여 선형 누적이 되고, 이를 통해 최종 피로파손을 판단한다. 섬유와 기지의 물성값, 섬유체적비 및 와인딩 각도의 확률분포에 따른 복합재 압력용기의 피로수명 영향을 분석하기 위해 몬테카르로 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.443-449
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• 2017

Taking high geothermal tunnels as background, the deformation of concrete for shotcrete use was studied by simulating hot-humid and hot-dry environments in a laboratory. The research is made up by two parts, one is the influence of two kinds of high geothermal environments on the deformation of shotcrete, and the other is the shrinkage inhibited effect of fiber materials (steel fibers, polypropylene fibers, and the mixture of both) on the concrete in hot-dry environments. The research results show that: (1) in hot and humid environments, wet expansion and thermal expansion happened on concrete, but the deformation is smooth throughout the whole curing age. (2) In hot and dry environments, the concrete suffers from shrinkage. The deformation obeys linear relationship with the natural logarithm of curing age in the first 28 days, and it becomes stable after the $28^{th}$ day. (3) The shrinkage of concrete in a hot and dry environment can be inhibited by adding fiber materials especially steel fibers, and it also obeys linear relationship with the natural logarithm of curing age before it becomes stable. However, compared with no-fiber condition, it takes 14 days, half of 28 days, to make the shrinkage become stable, and the shrinkage ratio of concrete at 180-day age decreases by 63.2% as well. (4) According to submicroscopic and microscopic analysis, there is great bond strength at the interface between steel fiber and concrete. The fiber meshes are formed in concrete by disorderly distributed fibers, which not only can effectively restrain the shrinkage, but also prevent the micro and macro cracks from extending.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.279-301
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• 2008

This paper develops a 3D homogenization based continuum damage mechanics (HCDM) model for fiber reinforced composites undergoing micromechanical damage under monotonic and cyclic loading. Micromechanical damage in a representative volume element (RVE) of the material occurs by fiber-matrix interfacial debonding, which is incorporated in the model through a hysteretic bilinear cohesive zone model. The proposed model expresses a damage evolution surface in the strain space in the principal damage coordinate system or PDCS. PDCS enables the model to account for the effect of non-proportional load history. The loading/unloading criterion during cyclic loading is based on the scalar product of the strain increment and the normal to the damage surface in strain space. The material constitutive law involves a fourth order orthotropic tensor with stiffness characterized as a macroscopic internal variable. Three dimensional damage in composites is accounted for through functional forms of the fourth order damage tensor in terms of components of macroscopic strain and elastic stiffness tensors. The HCDM model parameters are calibrated from homogenization of micromechanical solutions of the RVE for a few representative strain histories. The proposed model is validated by comparing results of the HCDM model with pure micromechanical analysis results followed by homogenization. Finally, the potential of HCDM model as a design tool is demonstrated through macro-micro analysis of monotonic and cyclic damage progression in composite structures.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.466-471
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• 2008

Structural vibration and noise are hot issues in underwater vehicles such as submarines for their survivability. Therefore, active vibration and noise control of submarine, which can be modeled as hull structure, have been conducted by the use of piezoelectric materials. Traditional piezoelectric materials are too brittle and not suitable to curved geometry such as hull structures. Therefore, advanced anisotropic piezoceramic actuator named as Macro-Fiber Composite (MFC), which can provide great flexibility, large induced strain and directional actuating force is adopted for this research. In this study, dynamic model of the smart hull structure is established and active vibration control performance of the smart hull structure is evaluated using optimally placed MFC. Actuating performance of MFC is evaluated by finite element analysis and dynamic modeling of the smart hull structure is derived by finite element method considering underwater condition. In order to suppress the vibration of hull structure, Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) algorithm is adopted. After then active vibration control performance of the proposed smart hull structure is evaluated with computer simulation and experimental investigation in underwater. Structural vibration of the hull structure is decreased effectively by applying proper control voltages to the MFC actuators.