• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.172-179
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• 2022

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the ostium of right coronary artery of anomalous origin from the left coronary sinus (AORL) with an interarterial course throughout the cardiac cycle on CT and analyze the clinical significance of the ostial findings. Materials and Methods: From January 2011 to December 2015, 68 patients (41 male, 57.3 ± 12.1 years) with AORL with an interarterial course and retrospective cardiac CT data were included. AORL was classified as high or low ostial location based on the pulmonary annulus in the diastolic and systolic phases on cardiac CT. In addition, the height, width, height/width ratio, area, and angle of the ostium were measured in both cardiac phases. After cardiac CT, patients were followed until December 31, 2020 for major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Clinical and CT characteristics associated with MACE were explored using Cox regression analysis. Results: During a median follow-up period of 2071 days (interquartile range, 1180.5-2747.3 days), 13 patients experienced MACE (19.1%, 13/68). Seven (10.3%, 7/68) had the ostial location change from high in the diastolic phase to low in the systolic phase. In the univariable analysis, younger age (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.918, p < 0.001), high ostial location (HR = 4.008, p = 0.036), larger height/width ratio (HR = 5.621, p = 0.049), and smaller ostial angle (HR = 0.846, p = 0.048) in the systolic phase were significant predictors of MACE. In multivariable cox regression analysis, younger age (adjusted HR = 0.917, p = 0.002) and high ostial location in the systolic phase (adjusted HR = 4.345, p = 0.026) were independent predictors of MACE. Conclusion: The ostial location of AORL with an interarterial course can change during the cardiac cycle, and high ostial location in the systolic phase was an independent predictor of MACE.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.383-391
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• 2003

A new optical security system for the protection of personal identification information is proposed. Personal identification information consisting of a pure face image and an identification number is used for verification and authentication. Image encryption is performed by a fully phase image encryption technique with two random phase masks located in the input and the Fourier plane of 4-f correlator. The personal information, however, can be leaked out in the decryption process. To cope with this possibility, the encrypted image itself is used in the identification process. An encrypted personal identification number is discriminated and recognized by using the proposed MMACE_p (multiplexed MACE_p) filter, and then authenticity of the personal information is verified by correlation of the face image using the optical wavelet matched filter (OWMF). MMACE_p filter is a synthetic filter with four MACE_p (minimum average correlation energy_phase encrypted) filters multiplexed in one filter plane to recognize 10 different encrypted-numbers at a time. OWMF can improve discrimination capability and SNR (signal to noise ratio). Computer simulations confirmed that the proposed security technique can be applied to the protection of personal identification information.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2012

ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline recommends for administration dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent (DES) to prevent restenosis and stent thrombosis in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Recently triple antiplatelet therapy including cilostazol is known to reduce restenosis and stent thrombosis significantly after DES implantation. However, there is lack of data providing the efficacy of triple antiplatelet therapy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effects of the triple therapy after DES implantation compared with the dual therapy. This retrospective study collected data from medical charts of 251 patients who received DES implantation between Jul 2006 and Jun 2008. They received either dual antiplatelet therapy (N = 154 clopidogrel and aspirin; Dual group) or triple antiplatelet therapy (N = 97 cliostazol, clopidogrel and aspirin; Triple group). Major adverse cardiac event rates (MACE, included total death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization) at 12 months, 24 months, stent thrombosis, rates of bleeding complications and adverse drug reactions were compared between these two groups. Compared with the dual group, the triple group had a similar incidence of the MACE rates at 24months (12.3% vs. 12.4%, p = 0.99). There is no difference in overall stent thrombosis between two groups (Dual group 2.6% vs. Triple group 4.1%, p = 0.5). Subgroup analysis showed that diabetic patients got more benefit in reducing MACE rates but, there is no statistical difference. Bleeding complications and adverse drug effects were not different significantly. As compared with dual antiplatelet therapy, triple antiplatelet therapy did not reduce the 12-months, 24-months MACE rates and stent thrombosis. Bleeding complications and adverse drug effects were not different.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.2364-2375
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• 1994

For the efficient recognition of printed Korean characters, a multiplexed minimum average correlation energy(MMACE) filter is proposed. Proposed method solved the disadvantages of the tree structure algorithm which recognition system is very huge and recognition method is sophisticated. Using only one consonant MMACE filter and one vowel one, we recognized the full Korean character. Each MMACE filter is multiplexed by 4 K-tuple MACE filters which are synthesized by 24 consonants and vowels. Hence the proposed MMACE filter and the correlation distribution plane are divided by 4 subregion. We obtained the binary codes for the Korean character recognition from each correlation distribution subplane. And the obtained codes are compared with the truth table for consonants and vowels in computer. We can recognize the full Korean characters when substitute the corresponded consonant or vowel font of the consistent code to the correlation peak place in the output correlation plane. The computer simulation and optical experiment results show that the proposed compact Korean character recognition system using the MMACE filters has high discrimination capability.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1564-1568
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• 2011

A solvent extraction separation, preconcentration and determination of thorium with a new crown, 2-ethyl-N-benzyl-4,7,10,13,16-pentaoxa-1-azacyclooctadecane (MACE), is described in the study. The amount of thorium in the aqueous phase and organic phase was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy and Ultraviolet-Visible, respectively. Thorium loaded organic phase was quantitatively stripped in a stage by using 1.0 M $HNO_3$. Thorium was effectively extracted with MACE in the pH range of 6-7 to produce a 3:2 complex ratio in the chloroform. A highly sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method was described for determination of trace amounts of thorium with MACE. The effective molar absorption coefficient at 281 nm is $1.98{\times}10^3\;mol^{-1}cm^{-1}$, and the system complies with Beer's law in the range from 0.464 to 2.32 ${\mu}gm\;L^{-1}$ of thorium. Thorium was also determined in standard and environmental samples.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.343-357
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• 1994

Current commercial dairy feed has various problems in low feed productivity, inadequate formulation and higher feeding cost due to excessive capital investment and non-specialized system for the end product. To solve those problems, 6 TMR terminal models were developed in this study. The developed TMR terminal system consists of TMR terminal, TMR main center and combined system linked TMR terminal and TMR main center. 15 TMR main center models were developed to support 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 TMR terminal(30 ton/day basis) by 3 different types, and evaluated for capital investment and operation cost by the analysis of the newly developed computer program. Optimum model size is analyzed and suggested for each model. Followings are summary of this study : 1. The capital investment costs of TMR main centers were 1,600 to 3,800 million won for type 1, 2,200 to 4,500 million won for type 2 and 2,200 to 4,800 million won for type 3. Also model MACE30 or bigger were justified as the economical models. 2. The feed production costs of TMR main center models were 3,166 to 4,824 won/ton for type 1, 3,816 to 6,182 won/ton for type 2 and 3,990 to 6,263 won/ton for type 3. So feed production cost range was 3,166 to 6,263 won/ton. 3. The bigger production capacity, the less TMR main center production cost. The feed production cost of the biggest model MACE50 was 62~65% of smallest model MACE10.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.3603-3609
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• 2011

A novel sampling method of the headspace poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mini-disk extraction (HS-PDE) was developed, optimized, validated and applied for the GC/MS analysis of spices flavors. A prototype PDMS mini-disk (8 mm outer diameter, 0.157 mm thickness, 9.4 mg weight) has been designed and fabricated as a sorption device. The technique uses a small PDMS mini-disk and very small volume of organic solvent and less sample size than the solvent extraction. This new HS-PDE method is very simple to use, inexpensive, rapid, requires less labor. Linearities of calibration curves for ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, limonene and ${\gamma}$-terpinene by HS-PDE combined with GC/MS were excellent having $r^2$ values greater than 0.99 at the dynamic range of 6.06~3500 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) showed very low values. This method exhibited good precision and accuracy. The overall extraction efficiency of this method was evaluated by using partition coefficients ($K_p$) and concentration factors (CF) for several characteristic components from nutmeg and mace. Partition coefficients were in the range from $2.04{\times}10^4$ to $4.42{\times}10^5$, while CF values were 0.88-15.03. HS-PDE was applied successfully for the analysis of flavors compositions from nutmeg, mace and cumin. The HS-PDE method is a very promising sampling technique for the characterization of volatile flavors.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.49-62
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• 2014

This study is intended to historical research the Jebok(ritual robes) of Jirisan Namakje. Joseon Dynasty established Five Manners as a country-ruling policy on the basis of Confucianism, the religious clothes-wearing method has been established through Sejong Silok Five Manners and the ritual robes system of all the government officials has been handed down to the end of Joseon Dynasty. The ritual robes of all the government officials was worn at the timed of the religious ceremony included ritual manners, and ritual robes are composed of Yanggwan, Ui, Sang, Jungdan, Peasul, Hwan, Wu(a cord, a leather belt, a belt, jade, a mace, Bangsimgokryeong, Mal, Ri, etc., and the rank was classified by the number of the veritical line of Ynaggwan, a leather belt, Hwan, Wu and jade and typeof a mace. "Jongmyouigwe" during the reign of king Sukjong described exactly the Uicha and textile of the ritual robes at that time, the textile Ui used Heukju as same as "Jegiakgidogamuigwe", and jade was used only in case of the first rank ritual official and other government officials did not wear jase. Also, it was revealed that all officials used a wooden mace, and in case of Husu, the first rank ritual official used Jikseong and other official used a picture.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 1986

The single treatment of mice with steam distillate, non-volatile ether extract and methanol extract from mace (Arils of Myristica fragrans) caused a significant prolongation of hexobarbital-induced narcosis and increase in strychnine toxicity as well as a significant decrease in hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme activities. On 7 consecutive daily administrations, however, the duration of hypnosis was markedly shortened and significant increases in the hepatic enzyme activities were shown. With systematic fractionation by $SiO_2$ column chromatography of non-volatile ether fraction monitoring by animal tests a new lignan (mp $70{\sim}72^{\circ}$, MW 328, $[{\alpha}]^{20}_D+5.28$) was isolated as an active principle and its structure was elucidated as (2R, 3S)-1-(3,4-methylendioxyphenyl)-2,3 dimethyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) butane.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 1986

The single acute treatment of mice with the steam distillate, non-volatile ether extract and methanol extract from mace, arils of Myristica fragrans(Myristicaceae) caused a significant prolongation of hexobarbital-induced narcosis, an increase in strychnine toxicity as well as a significant decrease in hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme activities. On seven daily consecutive administrations, however, the duration of narcosis was markedly shortened and significant increases in the hepatic enzyme activities were shown. From the non-volatile ether fraction, macelignan, a new lignan, mp $70{\sim}72^{\circ}$ was isolated as an active principle.