• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.770-775
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• 2006

휘발성 유기화합물 저감기술인 담체충진형 바이오필터법은 운전이 용이하고 처리비용이 낮다는 장점에도 불구하고, 낮은 운전성능과 막힘현상 등의 문제를 안고 있다. 이에 대한 대안으로 계면활성제로 형성된 거품을 사용해 VOCs의 물질전달율과 분해효율을 향상시킨 미생물 반응기(Bioactive Foam Reactor. BFR)가 제안되었다. 본 연구에서는 VOCs 저감기술로서 BFR의 적용가능성을 확인하기 위하여 styrene를 대상으로 실험실 규모 반응기 실험을 수행하였다. 체류시간 30초에서 미생물이 포함되지 않은 abiotic 실험과 biotic실험을 통해 BFR의 물질전달계수($K_La$)와 기질분해율(k) 값을 선정하였으며, 여타 산기방식의 생물반응조에 비해 BFR 시스템의 물질전달율이 월등히 높음을 확인하였다. 동적부하 변동실험 결과 BFR 시스템은 유입 styrene 농도가 급변하는 상황에서도 안정적인 처리효율을 나타내었다. 또한 BFR의 최대분해능은 109 $g/m^3/hr$으로 높게 나타나, 충진담체를 이용하는 전통적인 바이오필터의 대안 기술로 BFR 시스템을 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.192-202
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• 2010

This study aimed to suggest the severity of indoor air pollutants in screen gold arenas which were not sufficiently investigated in Korea up to now and to help users to enjoy golf in more pleasant indoor environment. The indoor environment survey was conducted with 21 screen gold arenas in Seoul from Oct. 28, 2008 to March 13, 2009. Indoor air quality was measured and analyzed in accordance with the Air Pollution Process Test Method specified bu NIOSH(2005). The screen golf arenas are mostly in the underground floors in this study, 4 on the ground floors(19.0%) and 17 in the underground floors(81.0%). In the air in screen golf arenas, the geometric mean of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene were 2.92 ${\mu}g/m^3$, 70.34 ${\mu}g/m^3$, 14.00${\mu}g/m^3$ and 31.43 ${\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, which exceeded the exposure limites. Each arena exceeded the exposure limit for one pollutant each. However, styrene didn't exceed the limit as 8.09 ${\mu}g/m^3$. Furthermore, the geometric mean of formaldehyde was 63.11${\mu}g/m^3$ and 7 arenas exceeded the limit. The geometric mean of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) was 428.41${\mu}g/m^3$ and 10 arenas exceeded the limit. For the density distribution of pollutants by location, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, styrene and formaldehyde showed higher density distribution in underground spaces, for which the statistically significant difference was not found. However, PM10 showed the statistically significant difference (p<0.05). In accordance with the analysis on the correlation between the density of pollutants in the screen golf arenas, Pearson correlation coefficient between ethylbenzene and styrene was 0.980, very significant correlation(p<0.01). The correlation coefficients between the density of toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and styrene and that of VOCs were 0.543, 0.434, 0.451 and 0.459, respectively, which demonstrated the statistically significant difference (p<0.05).

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2000년도 추계 총회 및 국제학술발표회
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• pp.98-101
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• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제23권E2호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2007

Feasibility test for a biofilter was performed to treat VOCs. The applied loading rate to the biofilter was calculated between 60 to $3,700\;kg\;COD/m^3$. Trimethyl-pentene and trimethyl-hexene were the two most dominant compounds and they occupy about 85 percent. During the acclimation period, it is desirable for a biofilter to receive relatively lower VOCs concentration and flow rate, until it can adjust to new substrate and operational environment. Temperature at various points inside the biofilter reactor was observed with more than 23 temperature sensors. With steam heating, temperatures of the top sections of the media were greater than those of bottom sections. Without steam heating, intermediate stages generally had higher temperature measurement than those of bottom and top stages. Because the pH values for different biofilter materials vary significantly, measurement of the pH for the mixture of different combinations of biofilter materials is necessary. Based on the types and brands of media, the measured pH ranged from 5.38 to 9.10. The range of measured pH of different mixtures with perlite, compost, saw dust, peat moss, limestone, vermiculite was 7.05 to 8.62.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2001

The composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was anlyzed for major emission sources such as vehicle exhaust, gasoline and diesel vapor, organic solvent vapor, and butane fuel gas. Low carbon-numbered hydrocarbons were found to be the dominant components of gasoline vehicle exhaust. In gasoline evaporative vapor, the predominant constituents were found to be butane and iso-pentane regardless of ambient air temperature. In case of diesel evaporative vapor was similar to those of gasoline evaporative vapor. The composition of organic solvent vapor from painting, ink and petroleum consisted mostly or aromatic compounds such as toluene and m, p, o-xylene. The hydrocarbon fraction of butane fuel gas. which is used by portable bunner, consisted mainly of propane (34%) and butane(70%).

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1218-1224
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• 2008

본 연구는 yeast의 한 종류인 Candida tropicalis 배양액을 유동상 반응기 형태로 운전하여 대표적인 휘발성유기화합물인 톨루엔의 제거효율을 향상시키기 위해 수행되었으며, 톨루엔 흡착과 물질전달 능력을 동시에 향상시키기 위해서 생물반응기의 유동상 물질로는 입상활성탄(GAC)을 사용하였다. 효모를 적용한 GAC 유동상반응기는 유입 톨루엔 부하 13.1$\sim$37.4 g/m$^3$-hr 범위에서 50$\sim$80%의 처리효율을 나타내었다. 또한 톨루엔 유입부하 291 g/m$^3$-hr 조건에서 최대분해능 172 g/m$^3$-hr을 얻어, 본 연구의 GAC 유동상반응기가 안정적이면서도 높은 처리효율을 나타낼 수 있음을 확인하였다. 충격부하 실험에서는 유입농도의 갑작스런 변화에도 일정하게 처리효율을 유지함으로써, 유입농도의 변화에도 안정적인 반응기 운전이 가능하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 최대분해능실험 결과 유입농도가 2배 이상 증가하였으나 처리효율은 일정하게 유지되었으며, 유입된 톨루엔이 GAC에 먼저 흡착된 후 천천히 탈착되어 효모에 의해 분해됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 유동상으로 투입된 GAC가 톨루엔의 물질전달을 향상시켜 미생물반응기의 전체 처리효율을 증가시켰다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 기계환기에 의한 실내공기질 개선효과를 현장실험을 통해 파악하기 위해 환기설비를 갖춘 A 신축아파트와 다중이용시설인 B 백화점을 연구 대상으로 하였다. A 신축아파트에서는 새집증후군 등 주요 실내공기오염의 원인물질인 VOCs 및 HCHO를 측정 대상물질로 선정하고 미환기 상태에서 16가구에서 전반적인 신축아파트의 실내공기오염 특성을 파악하였으며, 이중 상대적으로 TVOC 농도가 높은 2가구를 대상으로 환기전후의 농도 특성을 파악하였다. B 백화점에서는 $CO_2$ 및 HCHO를 대상물질로 선정하고 1~7층별로 미환기시와 기계환기 1시간 이후의 농도 특성을 통해 환기에 의한 저감율을 파악하였으며, 이후 환기시설 정상가동 상태에서 3년간 실내공기오염물질의 농도 특성을 파악하였다. 미환기 상태에서 A 신축아파트의 VOCs 및 HCHO 농도는 일부 지점에서는 에틸벤젠, 자일렌 등의 농도가 실내환경기준을 초과하고 있었다. 특히 환기전후의 TVOC 농도 특성은 A-1 지점의 경우 미환기시 $3,547{\mu}g/m^3$에서 환기시 $961{\mu}g/m^3$ 그리고 A-2 지점의 경우 미환기시 $3,117{\mu}g/m^3$에서 환기시 $594{\mu}g/m^3$으로 환기에 의해 각각 73%, 81% 저감율이 나타났다. 또한 개별 VOCs 및 HCHO물질별 환기에 의한 저감율은 31.4~96.7%로 나타났으며, 환기이후 모든 물질이 실내기준보다 훨씬 낮은 수준으로 나타났다. B 백화점에서는 평균 $CO_2$ 농도는 미환기시 855 ppm에서 기계환기 1시간 이후 580 ppm으로 약 32% 저감되었으며, HCHO의 평균농도도 $251{\mu}g/m^3$에서 $70.3{\mu}g/m^3$으로 약 72%의 저감되는 것으로 나타났다. 이후 환기시설 정상가동 상태에서 3년간 실내공기질의 측정결과 지속적으로 실내환경 기준을 만족하였다. 최근 실내공기질 개선을 위해 다양한 개선 방법이 소개되고 있으나, 이중 기계환기는 신축아파트 및 다중이용시설 등에서 실내공기질을 실내환경기준 이하로 지속적이고 쾌적하게 유지할 수 효과적 방법으로 고려된다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.277-282
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• 2006

In order to predict the indoor air pollutant, the VOCs emission rate is used through small chamber in the design process. However, the small chamber method has limitations as the convective mass transfer coefficient, the most important factor when predicting VOCs contamination of indoor air, is different between the small chamber result and the measured data in the actual building. Furthermore, the existing studies which analyzed mass transfer coefficient in the small chamber were directed on the small chambers developed at the time and FLEC(Field and Laboratory Emission Cell), thus, are different from the current small chamber which has been changed with improvements. The purpose of this study is to determine the emission rate of pollutant in double-layered building materials through the CFD(Computational of Fluid Dynamics) and Numerical analysis based on the mass transfer coefficient on singled-layered building material by using the current small chamber widely used in Korea. Futhermore, this study used the new convective mass transfer coefficient($h_m'$) which indicates the existing convective mass transfer coefficient($h_m$) including VOC partition coefficient(k). Also, formaldehyde was selected as target pollutant.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2021

Purpose: In this study, volatile organic compounds(VOCs) and aldehydes generated from roadside vehicles and other pollutants were measured and analyzed. Research design, data and methodology: As a result of measuring and analyzing three areas near the roadside, Vinyl chloride 0.00 ~ 0.02 ppb, Benzene 2.87 ~ 5.01 ppb. Toluene 4.51 ~ 8.62 ppb, Styrene 0.00 ~ 0.34 ppb, Formaldehyde 8.45 ~ 17.12 ug/m³, Acetaldehyde 7.01 ~ 17.64 ug/m³ were detected. When comparing the analysis results and the 6-month average concentration of the hazardous air monitoring network, the analysis results were about 26 times higher for Benzene, about 5 times for Toluene, and about 3.75 times for Styrene. In the case of vinyl chloride, it was confirmed that it was about 20 times lower than that of the hazardous atmosphere monitoring network. Results: Therefore, it is necessary to reexamine the installation location of the measurement network because people are exposed to pollutants on the actual roadside. It is judged that it is right to build a measurement network that is practically helpful to people by increasing the measurement items in the measurement network.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.121-133
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• 2011

This study suggests criteria to conduct a risk assessment of VOCs and formaldehyde in uncontrolled public facilities. Pollutants and facilities were selected based on two years of monitoring data and exposure scenarios in 573 uncontrolled public facilities, composed of 10 types of public institutions. With the exception of social welfare facilities, lifetime ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene in each facility were higher in employees than in users, except in social welfare facilities. In social welfare facilities, the risk of benzene for users ($1{\times}10^{-5}$) was higher than that of workers ($1{\times}10^{-6}$) because facility users live in the facility 24 hours per day, compared to workers who spend an average of 8 hours per day in the facility. The risk of benzene to workers in restaurants, academies, performance halls, internet cafe and pubs were estimated as high as $1{\times}10^{-4}$ and the risk to workers in the theaters and karaoke bars were recorded as $1{\times}10^{-5}$. Because lifetime ECRs of carcinogens exceeded $1{\times}10^{-4}$ for workers and users in most facilities, risk management of formaldehyde and benzene in these facilities is necessary. Although HQs of toluene and xylenes did not exceed 1.0, their HQs did exceed 0.1 in some facilities, so they were evaluated as potentially harmful materials. Additionally, criteria for health protection in IAQ by facility are suggested at $60-100\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for formaldehyde, $400-500\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for TVOCs, $10-20\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for benzene, $150-170\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for toluene and $100\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for xylenes, based on the survey on IAQ and HRA methodology. The excess rates of IAQ to health protection criteria in all facilities were 16% for formaldehyde, 8% for TVOCs and benzene, 9% for toulene, and 5% for xylenes.