• 제목/요약/키워드: m-structure

검색결과 11,637건 처리시간 0.049초

전기 열량 소자로의 응용을 위한 K(Ta0.70Nb0.30)O3/K(Ta0.55Nb0.45)O3 이종층 박막의 구조적, 전기적 특성 (Structural and Electrical Properties of K(Ta0.70Nb0.30)O3/K(Ta0.55Nb0.45)O3 Heterolayer Thin Films for Electrocaloric Devices)

  • 박병준;육지수;이삼행;이명규;박주석;이성갑
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.297-303
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    • 2024
  • In this study, KTN heterolayer thin films were fabricated by alternately stacking films of K(Ta0.70Nb0.30)O3 and K(Ta0.55Nb0.45)O3 synthesized using the sol-gel method. The sintering temperature and time were 750℃ and 1 hour, respectively. All specimens exhibited a polycrystalline pseudo-cubic crystal structure, with a lattice constant of approximately 0.398 nm. The average grain size was around 130~150 nm, indicating relatively uniform sizes regardless of the number of coatings. The average thickness of a single-coated film was approximately 70 nm. The phase transition temperature of the KTN heterolayer films was found to be approximately 8~12℃. Moreover, the 6-coated KTN heterolayer film displayed an excellent dielectric constant of about 11,000. As the number of coatings increased, and consequently the film thickness, the remanent polarization increased, while the coercive field decreased. The 6-coated KTN heterolayer film exhibited a remanent polarization and coercive field of 11.4 μC/cm2 and 69.3 kV/cm at room temperature, respectively. ΔT showed the highest value at a temperature slightly above the Curie temperature, and for the 6-coated KTN heterolayer film, the ΔT and ΔT/ΔE were approximately 1.93 K and 0.128×10-6 K·m/V around 40℃, respectively.

시뮬레이션 가능한 CPS 구성을 위한 에이전트 모델 구성 방법 (Agent Model Construction Methods for Simulatable CPS Configuration)

  • 이진명;박홍선;김찬우;강봉구
    • 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2024
  • 사이버물리시스템은 제조 환경의 물리적 시스템과 가상 공간을 연결하여 시뮬레이션을 가능하게 하는 기술이다. 이 기술의 주요 과제 중 하나는 두 환경 간 원활한 통신을 구현하는 것으로 복잡한 제조 공정에서는 다양한 제조설비의 프로토콜에 대응할 수 있어야 하며, 다수의 데이터를 지연과 오류 없이 송수신할 수 있어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 실시간 시뮬레이션 가능한 사이버물리시스템 구성을 위한 에이전트 모델 구성 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 데이터 수집부를 독립된 에이전트 모델로 설계한 후, 이를 기존 시뮬레이션 도구와 효과적으로 통합하여 전체 구조를 개발하였다. 제안한 구조에 대한 구동검증과 신뢰성 파악을 위해 실제 스마트 의류생산 마이크로 팩토리 시스템의 여러 장비와 연동하여 데이터 수집 기능에 대한 실증을 수행했다. 실증은 데이터 수집 주기와 관련된 데이터 지연과 및 데이터 결측에 대한 실험을 진행하였다. 결과적으로 제안된 CPS 구성 방법은 비교적 큰 통신 지연 없이 다양한 내부 데이터 수집과 다양한 장비의 데이터 포맷 및 통신 프로토콜에 적용 가능한 유연성을 보여주며, 비교적 간단하게 CPS 구성을 가능하게 한다. 따라서 제조 업계에서 혁신을 촉진하고 생산 라인의 효율성을 향상시키며, 유지보수 비용을 절감하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

Long-term and multidisciplinary research networks on biodiversity and terrestrial ecosystems: findings and insights from Takayama super-site, central Japan

  • Hiroyuki Muraoka;Taku M. Saitoh;Shohei Murayama
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제47권4호
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    • pp.228-240
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    • 2023
  • Growing complexity in ecosystem structure and functions, under impacts of climate and land-use changes, requires interdisciplinary understandings of processes and the whole-system, and accurate estimates of the changing functions. In the last three decades, observation networks for biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem functions under climate change, have been developed by interested scientists, research institutions and universities. In this paper we will review (1) the development and on-going activities of those observation networks, (2) some outcomes from forest carbon cycle studies at our super-site "Takayama site" in Japan, and (3) a few ideas how we connect in-situ and satellite observations as well as fill observation gaps in the Asia-Oceania region. There have been many intensive research and networking efforts to promote investigations for ecosystem change and functions (e.g., Long-Term Ecological Research Network), measurements of greenhouse gas, heat, and water fluxes (flux network), and biodiversity from genetic to ecosystem level (Biodiversity Observation Network). Combining those in-situ field research data with modeling analysis and satellite remote sensing allows the research communities to up-scale spatially from local to global, and temporally from the past to future. These observation networks oftern use different methodologies and target different scientific disciplines. However growing needs for comprehensive observations to understand the response of biodiversity and ecosystem functions to climate and societal changes at local, national, regional, and global scales are providing opportunities and expectations to network these networks. Among the challenges to produce and share integrated knowledge on climate, ecosystem functions and biodiversity, filling scale-gaps in space and time among the phenomena is crucial. To showcase such efforts, interdisciplinary research at 'Takayama super-site' was reviewed by focusing on studies on forest carbon cycle and phenology. A key approach to respond to multidisciplinary questions is to integrate in-situ field research, ecosystem modeling, and satellite remote sensing by developing cross-scale methodologies at long-term observation field sites called "super-sites". The research approach at 'Takayama site' in Japan showcases this response to the needs of multidisciplinary questions and further development of terrestrial ecosystem research to address environmental change issues from local to national, regional and global scales.

Innovative Teaching Technologies as a Way to Increase Students' Competitiveness

  • Olena M. Galynska;Nataliia V. Shkoliar;Zoriana I. Dziubata;Svitlana V. Kravets;Nataliia S. Levchyk
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제24권7호
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    • pp.157-169
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    • 2024
  • The article presents an analysis of innovative teaching technologies as a way to increase students' competitiveness. The author found that innovative technologies in education are information and communication technologies relying on computer-based learning. The structure, content of educational software, organization of Web-space are important when using innovative teaching technologies in English classes. We conducted the study in several stages: comparative analysis, synthesis, classification and systematization of the results of psychological and pedagogical, educational and methodological research; study of legislative acts, periodicals in order to identify the state of the research issue, and determining the directions of its solution, as well as subject, goal and objectives of the study. We used modelling to create situations of foreign language professional communication of future IT specialists. Empirical methods involved questionnaires used for identifying the motives of professional development and determining the features of the educational activities of future IT specialists in the process of training. The methods of mathematical statistics allowed to scientifically describe and systematize the obtained data, to identify the quantitative relationship between the studied phenomena, to analyse and summarize the results. We conducted a socio-psychological study during 2016 - 2019. It involved 255 first- and fourth-year students of National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Poly-technic Institute." Innovative information and communication technologies that improve the educational and cognitive activity of students, as well as increase the level of their knowledge have become important in teaching a foreign language in higher educational institutions. These technologies include MOODLE - Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment, business game, integrated pedagogical technology, case study technology. Thus, the information-rich learning process in combination with the use of innovative technologies, well-organized e-learning, interactive training courses, multimedia tools improves the program of teaching and learning foreign languages in general, and English in particular, improves the level of knowledge of future IT specialists and motivation to study and learn foreign languages, allows students to use a variety of authentic materials. We state that all these factors influence the process of individualization of learning and contribute to the successful mastery of a foreign language.

산업관련표(産業關聯表)에 의(依)한 임업구조분석(林業構造分析)과 유발생산액(誘發生産額) -임업(林業)이 한국경제(韓國經濟)에 미치는 영향(影響)- (Analysis of Forestry Structure and Induced Output Based on Input - output Table - Influences of Forestry Production on Korean Economy -)

  • 이승윤
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제2권4호
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    • pp.4-14
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    • 1974
  • The total forest land area in Korea accounts for some 67 percent of the nation's land total. Its productivity, however, is very low. Consequently, forest production accounts for only about 2 percent of the gross national product and a minor proportion of no more than about 5 percent versus primary industry. In this case, however, only the direct income from forestry is taken into account, making no reference to the forestry output induced by other industrial sectors. The value added Or the induced forestry output in manufacturing the primary wood products into higher quality products, makes a larger contribution to the economy than direct contribution. So, this author has tried to analyze the structure of forestry and compute the repercussion effect and the induced output of primary forest products when utilized by other industries for their raw materials, Hsing the input-output table and attached tables for 1963 and 1966 issued by the Bank of Korea. 1. Analysis of forestry structure A. Changes in total output Durng the nine-year period, 1961-1969, the real gross national product in Korea increased 2.1 times, while that of primary industries went up about 1. 4 times. Forestry which was valued at 9,380 million won in 1961, was picked up about 2. 1 times to 20, 120 million won in 1969. The rate of the forestry income in the GNP, accordingly, was no more than 1.5 percent both in 1961 and 1962, whereas its rate in primary industries increased 3.5 to 5.4 percent. Such increase in forestry income is attributable to increased forest production and rise in timber prices. The rate of forestry income, nonetheless, was on the decrease on a gradual basis. B. Changes in input coefficient The input coefficient which indicates the inputs of the forest products into other sectors were up in general in 1966 over 1963. It is noted that the input coefficient indicating the amount of forest products supplied to such industries closely related with forestry as lumber and plywood, and wood products and furniture, showed a downward trend for the period 1963-1966. On the other hand, the forest input into other sectors was generally on the increase. Meanwhile, the input coefficient representing the yolume of the forest products supplied to the forestry sector itself showed an upward tendency, which meant more and more decrease in input from other sectors. Generally speaking, in direct proportion to the higher input coefficient in any industrial sector, the reinput coefficient which denotes the use of its products by the same sector becomes higher and higher. C. Changes in ratio of intermediate input The intermediate input ratio showing the dependency on raw materials went up to 15.43 percent m 1966 from 11. 37 percent in 1963. The dependency of forestry on raw materials was no more than 15.43 percent, accounting for a high 83.57 percent of value added. If the intermediate input ratio increases in any given sector, the input coefficient which represents the fe-use of its products by the same sector becomes large. D. Changes in the ratio of intermediate demand The ratio of the intermediate demand represents the characteristics of the intermediary production in each industry, the intermediate demand ratio in forestry which accunted for 69.7 percent in 1963 went up to 75.2 percent in 1966. In other words, forestry is a remarkable industry in that there is characteristics of the intermediary production. E. Changes in import coefficient The import coefficient which denotes the relation between the production activities and imports, recorded at 4.4 percent in 1963, decreased to 2.4 percent in 1966. The ratio of import to total output is not so high. F. Changes in market composition of imported goods One of the major imported goods in the forestry sector is lumber. The import value increased by 60 percent to 667 million won in 1966 from 407 million won in 1963. The sales of imported forest products to two major outlets-lumber and plywood, and wood products and furniture-increased to 343 million won and 31 million won in 1966 from 240million won and 30 million won in 1963 respectively. On the other hand, imported goods valued at 66 million won were sold to the paper products sector in 1963; however, no supply to this sector was recorded in 1963. Besides these major markets, primary industries such as the fishery, coal and agriculture sectors purchase materials from forestry. 2. Analysis of repercussion effect on production The repercussion effect of final demand in any given sector upon the expansion of the production of other sectors was analyzed, using the inverse matrix coefficient tables attached to the the I.O. Table. A. Changes in intra-sector transaction value of inverse matrix coefficient. The intra-sector transaction value of an inverse matrix coefficient represents the extent of an induced increase in the production of self-support products of the same sector, when it is generated directly and indirectly by one unit of final demand in any given sector. The intra-sector transaction value of the forestry sector rose from 1.04 in 1963 to 1, 11 in 1966. It may well be said, therefore, that forestry induces much more self-supporting products in the production of one unit of final demand for forest products. B. Changes in column total of inverse matrix coefficient It should be noted that the column total indicates the degree of effect of the output of the corresponding and related sectors generated by one unit of final demand in each sector. No changes in the column total of the forestry sector were recorded between the 1963 and 1966 figures, both being the same 1. 19. C. Changes in difference between column total and intra-sector transaction amount. The difference between the column total and intra-sector transaction amount by sector reveals the extent of effect of output of related industrial sector induced indirectly by one unit of final demand in corresponding sector. This change in forestry dropped remarkable to 0.08 in 1966 from 0.15 in 1963. Accordingly, the effect of inducement of indirect output of other forestry-related sectors has decreased; this is a really natural phenomenon, as compared with an increasing input coefficient generated by the re-use of forest products by the forestry sector. 3. Induced output of forestry A. Forest products, wood in particular, are supplied to other industries as their raw materials, increasng their value added. In this connection the primary dependency rate on forestry for 1963 and 1966 was compared, i. e., an increase or decrease in each sector, from 7.71 percent in 1963 to 11.91 percent in 1966 in agriculture, 10.32 to 6.11 in fishery, 16.24 to 19.90 in mining, 0.76 to 0.70 in the manufacturing sector and 2.79 to 4.77 percent in the construction sector. Generally speaking, on the average the dependency on forestry during the period 1963-1966 increased from 5.92 percent to 8.03 percent. Accordingly, it may easily be known that the primary forestry output induced by primary and secondary industries increased from 16, 109 million won in 1963 to 48, 842 million won in 1966. B. The forest products are supplied to other industries as their raw materials. The products are processed further into higher quality products. thus indirectly increasing the value of the forest products. The ratio of the increased value added or the secondary dependency on forestry for 1963 and 1966 showed an increase or decrease, from 5.98 percent to 7.87 percent in agriculture, 9.06 to 5.74 in fishery, 13.56 to 15.81 in mining, 0.68 to 0.61 in the manufacturing sector and 2.71 to 4.54 in the construction sector. The average ratio in this connection increased from 4.69 percent to 5.60 percent. In the meantime, the secondary forestry output induced by primary and secondary industries rose from 12,779 million Wall in 1963 to 34,084 million won in 1966. C. The dependency of tertiary industries on forestry showed very minor ratios of 0.46 percent and 0.04 percent in 1963 and 1966 respectively. The forestry output induced by tertiary industry also decreased from 685 million won to 123 million won during the same period. D. Generally speaking, the ratio of dependency on forestry increased from 17.68 percent in 1963 to 24.28 percent in 1966 in primary industries, from 4.69 percent to 5.70 percent in secondary industries, while, as mentioned above, the ratio in the case of tertiary industry decreased from 0.46 to 0.04 percent during the period 1963-66. The mining industry reveals the heaviest rate of dependency on forestry with 29.80 percent in 1963 and 35.71 percent in 1966. As it result, the direct forestry income, valued at 8,172 million won in 1963, shot up to 22,724 million won in 1966. Its composition ratio lo the national income rose from 1.9 percent in 1963 to 2.3 per cent in 1966. If the induced outcome is taken into account, the total forestry production which was estimated at 37,744 million won in 1963 picked up to 105,773 million won in 1966, about 4.5 times its direct income. It is further noted that the ratio of the gross forestry product to the gross national product. rose significantly from 8.8 percent in 1963 to 10.7 percent in 1966. E. In computing the above mentioned ratio not taken into consideration were such intangible, indirect effects as the drought and flood prevention, check of soil run-off, watershed and land conservation, improvement of the people's recreational and emotional living, and maintenance and increase in the national health and sanitation. F. In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that the forestry sector exercices an important effect upon the national economy and that the effect of induced forestry output is greater than its direct income.

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인천국제공항 식재기반 구조 및 토양특성 연구 (A Study on the Structure Characteristics of Planting Ground in Incheon International Airport, Korea)

  • 이승원;한봉호;이경재;곽정인;염정헌
    • 한국조경학회지
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    • 제43권3호
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    • pp.77-91
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구는 대규모 매립지에 조성된 인천국제공항을 대상으로 수목 식재기반에 대한 구조적, 이화학적 특성을 파악함으로써 합리적인 토양관리 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 세부 연구 대상지는 국제업무단지, 여객터미널, 공항지원단지, 자유무역지역, 진입도로 등 5개소이었다. 인천국제공항 수목생육 기반에 대한 토양 구조분석결과 표토로부터 80cm 이내에 경반층 또는 이질층의 토양층위가 존재하는 조사구는 총 27개소 중 9개소이었으며, 성토재료로 자갈 매립(4개소), 준설토와 혼합된 재료 매립(2개소), 점토가 다량 포함되어 투수가 불량한 성토 재료 사용(3개소), 폐골재를 매립한 경우(1개소) 등이었다. 토양의 물리적 특성으로 토양경도는 성토층 평균 $11.5kg/cm^2$이었고, 토성은 모래함량이 많은 사토, 사양토, 양질사토 등이었다. 화학적 특성으로서 토양산도는 성토층 평균 pH 6.7이었으며, 유기물함량은 0.7%, 전기전도도(EC)는 0.0dS/m, 교환성양이온함량은 $Ca^{2+}$ 3.4cmol/kg, $Mg^{2+}$ 1.5coml/kg, $K^+$ 0.3cmol/kg, $Na^+$ 1.0cmol/kg, 교환성양이온치환용량(CEC)은 11.0cmol/kg이었다. 성토층의 절대적 평균치는 대부분 조경설계기준을 만족하였으나 매립지토양특성상 층위별 조사구별 편차를 반영할 수 없는 한계가 있어 성토층위별로 분석한 교환성양이온별 염기포화도(BSP)는 소성토지역 $Ca^{2+}$ 29.9%, $Mg^{2+}$ 13.3%, $K^+$ 3.7%, 중성토지역 $Ca^{2+}$ 33.3%, $Mg^{2+}$ 17.0%, $K^+$ 2.7%, 대성토지역 $Ca^{2+}$ 32.6%, $Mg^{2+}$ 12.2%, $K^+$ 1.9%이었다. 교환성나트륨백분율(ESP)은 소성토지역 16.4%, 중성토지역 7.5%, 대성토지역 4.7%이었고, 나트륨흡착비(SAR)는 소성토지역 0.8, 중성토지역 0.3, 대성토지역 0.2이었다. 성토재료의 불균질과 불량, 준설토의 교란, 답압에 의한 높은 토양경도와 지중의 경반층형성, 낮은 유효토심 등의 물리적 요인과 높은 pH, 염기밸런스 불균형, 낮은 유기물, 유효인산 등은 식물생육에 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었다.

오디와인의 생리활성 및 α-glucosidase 저해제의 분석 (Biological activity and analysis of α-glucosidase inhibitor from mulberry (Morus alba L.) wine)

  • 손우림;최상원
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제20권6호
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    • pp.877-885
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 오디를 이용한 고부가가치의 기능성와인을 개발하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 먼저 4가지 베리류과실(오디, 블루베리, 딸기, 복분자)와인의 항당뇨, 항노화 및 항산화활성을 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, tyrosinase 및 DPPH radical를 사용하여 측정한 후 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성이 가장 강한 오디와인으로부터 저해제를 분리 및 동정하였다. 또한, 3 가지 뽕나무 품종(익수뽕, 대성뽕, 청일뽕) 오디를 이용하여 오디와인을 제조하여 품종과 발효에 따른 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해제의 함량 변화를 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 4가지 베리류과실 와인의 항산화, 항당뇨 및 항노화 활성을 측정한 결과, 오디와인이 가장 높은 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성을(69.37%) 나타내었으며, DPPH 라디컬 소거능은 블루베리(64.57%) 및 오디와인(62.48%)이 유사하게 높았으며, 딸기와인이 가장 높은 tyrosinase 저해활성(59.63%)을 나타내었다. 이 중 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성이 가장 높은 오디와인으로부터 효소저해제를 분리 및 동정하기 위해 오디와인을 먼저 감압농축하여 에틸아세테이트로 분획한 다음 Diaion HP-20, ODS-A 및 Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography를 순차적으로 실시하여 4가지 분획을 얻었으며, 이 중 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성이 가장 강한 Fr. 4로부터 UV 및 NMR 분석을 통해 quercetin를 동정하였다. 마지막으로 뽕나무 품종 및 발효에 따른 오디와인의 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해제의 함량을 측정한 결과, 대성뽕 오디와인의 quercetin 함량(16.83 ppm)이 가장 높았으나, 익수뽕 및 청일뽕 오디와인의 quercetin 함량은 각각 14.85 및 8.92 ppm으로 낮았다. 그리고 발효 및 숙성에 따라 오디와인의 quercetin 함량은 크게 감소하였다. 이상의 연구 결과로부터 4가지 베리류 과실와인 중 오디와인이 가장 높은 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성을 나타내었으며, 주된 저해물질은 quercetin임을 기기분석을 통해 확인할 수 있었기에 향후 오디와인은 당뇨예방용 기능성와인으로서 크게 각광을 받을 것으로 사료된다.

cDNA Microarray를 이용한 구강편평세포암종 세포주에서 $Taxol^{(R)}$과 Cyclosporin A로 유도된 유전자 발현양상 (GENE EXPRESSION PATTERNS INDUCED BY $TAXOL^{(R)}$ AND CYCLOSPORIN A IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA CELL LINE USING CDNA MICROARRAY)

  • 김용관;이재훈;김철환
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.202-212
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    • 2006
  • It is well-known that paclitaxel($Taxol^{(R)}$), which is extracted from the pacific and English yew, has been used as a chemotherapeutic agent for ovarian carcinoma and advanced breast carcinoma and Cyclosporin A, which is highly lipophilic cyclic peptide and isolated from a fungus, has been also used as an useful immunosuppressive drug after transplantation and is associated with cellular apoptosis. Since 1953, in which James Watson, Rosalind Franklin and Francis Crick discovered the double helical structure of DNA, a few kinds of techniques for identifying gene expression have been developed. In postgenomic period, many of researchers have used the DNA microarray which is high throughput screening technique to screen large numbers of gene expression simultaneously. In this study, we searched and screened the gene expression in the oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines treated with $Taxol^{(R)}$, cyclosporin or cyclosporin combined with $Taxol^{(R)}$ using cDNA microarray. The results were as following; 1. It was useful that the appropriate concentration of Cyclosporin A and $Taxol^{(R)}$ used in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line was under 1${\mu}g/ml$ and 3${\mu}g/ml$. 2. In the experimental group in which $Taxol^{(R)}$ and $Taxol^{(R)}$ + Cyclosporin A were used, the cell growth was extremely decreased. 3. In the group in which Cyclosporin A was used, the MTT assay was rarely decreased which means the activity of succinyl dehydrogenase is remained in mitochondria but in the group in which the mixture of Cyclosporin A and $Taxol^{(R)}$ were used, the MTT assay was extremely decreased. 4. In the each group in which Cyclosporin A(3 ${\mu}g/ml$) and $Taxol^{(R)}$(1 ${\mu}g/ml$) were used, the cell arrest was appeared in $G_2/M$ phase and in the group in which $Taxol^{(R)}$(3 ${\mu}g/ml$) was used, the cell arrest was appeared in both S phase and $G_2/M$ phase. 5. In the oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line treated with $Taxol^{(R)}$, several genes including ANGPTL4, RALBP1 and TXNRD1, associated with apoptosis, SUI1, MAC30, RRAGA and CTGF, related with cell growth, HUS1 and DUSP5, related with cell cycle and proliferation, ATF4 and CEBPG, associated with transcription factor, BTG1 and VEGF, associated with angiogenesis, FDPS, FCER1G, GPA33 and EPHA4 associated with signal transduction and receptor activity and AKR1C2 and UGTA10 related with carcinogenesis were detected in increased levels. The genes that showed increaced expression in the oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line treated with Cyclosporin A were CYR61, SERPINB2, SSR3 and UPA3A which are known as genes associated with cell growth, carcinogenesis, receptor activity and transcription factor. The genes expressed in the HN22 cell line treated with cyclosporin combined with $taxol^{(R)}$ were ALCAM and GTSE1 associated with cancer invasiveness and cell cycle regulation.

Zn ion의 영향에 따른 $(Y,\;Zn)_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}$ 적색 형광체의 발광특성 (Luminescence properties of $(Y,\;Zn)_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}$ red phosphor as the effect of Zn ion)

  • 송영현;문지욱;박우정;윤대호
    • 한국결정성장학회지
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    • 제18권6호
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    • pp.253-257
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구에서는 자외선 영역에서 발광하는 우수한 특성의 적색 형광체를 얻기 위하여 고상 반응법으로 air 분위기에서 $1200^{\circ}C$에서 6시간 동안 열처리하여 $(Y,\;Zn)_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}$를 Zn 이온의 농도 변화에 따라 실험하였다. $(Y,\;Zn)_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}$를 XRD에 의해 비교 분석한 결과 주요 peak들이 JCPDS card(No. 41-1105)와 거의 일치하는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 Zn 이온치 농도가 5 mol% 이상일 때 XRD에서 ZnO의 peak이 관찰되는 것을 확인 하였다. 이로 인하여 Zn 이온의 농도가 5 mol% 이하일 때 불순물 상 없이 $Y_2O_3$ 구조에 잘 고용되는 것을 확인하였다. $(Y,\;Zn)_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}$의 발광 peak은 여기 흡수 영역인 ${\lambda}ex=254\;nm$를 기준으로 612 nm 영역에서 $Eu^{3+}$ 이온의 $^5D_0{\rightarrow}^7F_2$에 전형적인 에너지 천이에 의해 가장 강한 발광 peak을 나타내는 것을 확인하였으나 Zn 이온의 농도가 10 mo1% 이상일 때 갑자기 발광 peak이 현저히 감소하는 것을 확인하였고 최대의 발광 peak을 가질 때 형광체의 조성은 $(Y_{0.95},\;Zn_{0.05})_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}_{0.075}$이였고 입자 size는 $0.4{\sim}3{\mu}m$로 확인되었다.

경기도 마을숲의 보전 및 관리에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Conservation and Management of the Village Forest in Gyeonggi-do)

  • 황동규;김동엽
    • 한국전통조경학회지
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.99-111
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구는 경기지역 마을숲의 위치, 형태, 환경, 식물상 등을 조사하고 변화과정을 바탕으로 경기도 마을숲의 보존 및 관리를 위한 방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 현존하는 경기도 마을숲은 23개소이다. 경기도의 마을숲은 풍수적 배경을 가진 경우가 10개소로 가장 많았다. 특히 용인 및 이천의 남동지역에 다수의 마을숲이 남아있었다. 마을숲의 소유주체는 마을 9개소, 개인 8개소였다. 개인이 관리하고 있는 마을숲은 2개소였고 나머지는 마을에서 공동관리하고 있었다. 마을숲의 형태는 전체의 52.1%가 띠형이었으며, 풍수 및 재해방지를 위해 조성된 것임을 알 수 있었다. 마을숲의 면적은 평균 $3,046m^2$로 비교적 작았다. 마을숲을 구성하고 있는 수종은 느티나무와 소나무가 가장 많았으며, 단순교목림과 교목-아교목림의 수직구조를 보이는 마을숲이 56.5%로 과반수를 차지했다. 수목 피해가 30%이상인 마을숲은 총 7개소였다. 피해 원인은 숲에 인접한 도로 건설, 토양 답압, 복토로 인한 고사 등이었으며 피해목의 활력도는 정상수목에 비해 활력이 현저히 저하되었다. 마을숲은 동제 존속 여부, 제도적 보호, 상수원보호구역 지정, 도로 건설, 토지이용 변화, 풍수해 및 산림 개발의 영향을 받아 변화한 것으로 나타났다. 마을숲의 보존 및 관리를 위하여 숲의 과다한 이용을 제한하고 수목을 보호하며 토양 환경을 개선하여 숲의 생육 환경을 유지해야 한다. 그리고 숲 주변지역의 개발을 제한하고 마을공동체 활동을 중심으로 숲의 원형을 유지 또는 복원할 필요가 있다. 또한 마을숲을 보호하고 지원하는 제도를 체계화하여 마을숲의 소실을 최소화해야 한다.