• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2016

The study was performed to investigate the effects of whey protein-rich meal substitute added with vitamins, minerals, and lactobacillus powder probiotics on weight loss, body fat, and body composition in 24 female volunteers for 4 weeks. Whey protein-rich meal substitute was consumed with low-fat, high calcium milk (1% fat, 260 mg/200 mL) twice a day. Subjects submitted 3-day diet records and a life-style questionnaire before the study. During the study, subjects were required to turn in a diet record every day and consume the meal substitute formula in the metabolic ward at C university for 4 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were carried out weekly by Inbody 7.0. The dietary intake and anthropometric data were analyzed to compare changes before and after the study by paired t-test with SPSS version 23.0. The subjects were mostly early 20's and either overweight or obese and highly motivated to lose weight. Most of the subjects consumed three meals per day regularly and spent mostly 10~15 minutes for a meal. Their caloric intake was relatively low and decreased from 1,360 kcal at week 0 to 1,100 kcal after 4 weeks. However, total protein intake increased while carbohydrate and fat intakes decreased (p<0.05) after the trial. Nine vitamin intakes after the study improved compared to those before the study (p<0.05). After the study, subjects showed lower body weight (-1.8 kg), body fat (-0.94 kg), percent body fat (-0.86%), as well as waist circumference (-4.52 cm), hip circumference (-0.44 cm), waist hip ratio (-0.05), and triceps skinfold thickness (-2.39 mm) compared to those at week 0 (p<0.05). Muscle mass tended to be less compared to week 0, although there was no significant differences between weeks 0 and 4. In conclusion, diet trial with whey protein-rich meal substitute induced weight loss and positively changed body fat parameters and body composition.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2021

Background: For radiological protection and control, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) provides the nominal risk coefficients related to radiation exposure, which can be extrapolated using the excess relative risk and excess absolute risk obtained from the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki with the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF). Materials and Methods: Since it is impossible to directly estimate the radiation risk at doses less than approximately 100 mSv only from epidemiological knowledge and data, support from radiation biology is absolutely imperative, and thus, several national and international bodies have advocated the importance of bridging knowledge between biology and epidemiology. Because of the accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO)'s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in 2011, the exposure of the public to radiation has become a major concern and it was considered that the estimation of radiation risk should be more realistic to cope with the prevailing radiation exposure situation. Results and Discussion: To discuss the issues from wide aspects related to radiological protection, and to realize bridging knowledge between biology and epidemiology, we have established a research group to develop low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation risk estimation methodology, with the permission of the Japan Health Physics Society. Conclusion: The aim of the research group was to clarify the current situation and issues related to the risk estimation of low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation exposure from the viewpoints of different research fields, such as epidemiology, biology, modeling, and dosimetry, to identify a future strategy and roadmap to elucidate a more realistic estimation of risk against low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation exposure.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1777-1785
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of the Agatston score obtained with the ultra-high-pitch (UHP) acquisition mode using tin-filter spectral shaping (Sn150 kVp) and a kVp-independent reconstruction algorithm to reduce the radiation dose. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 114 patients (mean ± standard deviation, 60.3 ± 9.8 years; 74 male) who underwent a standard 120 kVp scan and an additional UHP Sn150 kVp scan for coronary artery calcification scoring (CACS). These two datasets were reconstructed using a standard reconstruction algorithm (120 kVp + Qr36d, protocol A; Sn150 kVp + Qr36d, protocol B). In addition, the Sn150 kVp dataset was reconstructed using a kVp-independent reconstruction algorithm (Sn150 kVp + Sa36d, protocol C). The Agatston scores for protocols A and B, as well as protocols A and C, were compared. The agreement between the scores was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland-Altman plot. The radiation doses for the 120 kVp and UHP Sn150 kVp acquisition modes were also compared. Results: No significant difference was observed in the Agatston score for protocols A (median, 63.05; interquartile range [IQR], 0-232.28) and C (median, 60.25; IQR, 0-195.20) (p = 0.060). The mean difference in the Agatston score for protocols A and C was relatively small (-7.82) and with the limits of agreement from -65.20 to 49.56 (ICC = 0.997). The Agatston score for protocol B (median, 34.85; IQR, 0-120.73) was significantly underestimated compared with that for protocol A (p < 0.001). The UHP Sn150 kVp mode facilitated an effective radiation dose reduction by approximately 30% (0.58 vs. 0.82 mSv, p < 0.001) from that associated with the standard 120 kVp mode. Conclusion: The Agatston scores for CACS with the UHP Sn150 kVp mode with a kVp-independent reconstruction algorithm and the standard 120 kVp demonstrated excellent agreement with a small mean difference and narrow agreement limits. The UHP Sn150 kVp mode allowed a significant reduction in the radiation dose.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aims to identify SUV, SNR, spatial resolution, and axial uniformity under the same reconstruction conditions and to find out the differences between equipment models. Materials and Methods: The equipment was GE's Discovery 600, 710, IQ, MI(GE Healthcare, USA), and the Phantom used ACR(American College of Radiology) Flangeless Esser Phantom and PET/SPECT Performance Phantom. The PET/SPECT Performance Phantom injected 18F-FDG at a concentration of 3.8 kBq/mL, and the ACR Flangeless Esser Phantom made the conditions for Hot Spot and Background activity for 4 : 1. Image evaluation was compared and evaluated for SUV, SNR, spatial resolution, and axial uniformity with the same reconstruction that added SharpIR of VPHD. Results: The SUV_max showed a difference up to 4.6% with an average of 2.71, 2.35, 1.89, and 1.43 from Hot Spot 1 to 4, and the SUV_mean showed a difference up to 4.7% with 2.06, 1.75, 1.49, and 1.27. There was a difference up to 5% between equipment, and there was no significant difference between both SUV_max and SUV_mean. SNR showed a difference up to 0.04 with an average of 0.37, 0.26, 0.18, and 0.11. FWHM showed a difference up to 0.27. Lastly, COV of axial uniformity was up to 0.018. Conclusion: SUV showed differences within 5% between equipment and showed no significant difference. This is considered to be used as basic data that can be used for the development and replacement of equipment because it has the advantage of being able to observe with a large number of equipment.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1006-1016
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• 2023

Objective: Computed tomography (CT) is an established method for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of multiple myeloma. Here, we investigated the potential of photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) in terms of image quality, diagnostic confidence, and radiation dose compared with energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT). Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, patients with known multiple myeloma underwent clinically indicated whole-body PCD-CT. The image quality of PCD-CT was assessed qualitatively by three independent radiologists for overall image quality, edge sharpness, image noise, lesion conspicuity, and diagnostic confidence using a 5-point Likert scale (5 = excellent), and quantitatively for signal homogeneity using the coefficient of variation (CV) of Hounsfield Units (HU) values and modulation transfer function (MTF) via the full width at half maximum (FWHM) in the frequency space. The results were compared with those of the current clinical standard EID-CT protocols as controls. Additionally, the radiation dose (CTDIvol) was determined. Results: We enrolled 35 patients with multiple myeloma (mean age 69.8 ± 9.1 years; 18 [51%] males). Qualitative image analysis revealed superior scores (median [interquartile range]) for PCD-CT regarding overall image quality (4.0 [4.0-5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-4.0]), edge sharpness (4.0 [4.0-5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-4.0]), image noise (4.0 [4.0-4.0] vs. 3.0 [3.0-4.0]), lesion conspicuity (4.0 [4.0-5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-4.0]), and diagnostic confidence (4.0 [4.0-5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-4.0]) compared with EID-CT (P ≤ 0.004). In quantitative image analyses, PCD-CT compared with EID-CT revealed a substantially lower FWHM (2.89 vs. 25.68 cy/pixel) and a significantly more homogeneous signal (mean CV ± standard deviation [SD], 0.99 ± 0.65 vs. 1.66 ± 0.5; P < 0.001) at a significantly lower radiation dose (mean CTDIvol ± SD, 3.33 ± 0.82 vs. 7.19 ± 3.57 mGy; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Whole-body PCD-CT provides significantly higher subjective and objective image quality at significantly reduced radiation doses than the current clinical standard EID-CT protocols, along with readily available multi-spectral data, facilitating the potential for further advanced post-processing.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.41.1-41.13
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• 2021

Correlation between vaccine reactogenicity and immunogenicity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unclear. Thus, we investigated to determine whether the reactogenicity after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination is associated with antibody (Ab) titers and T cell responses. This study was prospective cohort study done with 131 healthcare workers at tertiary center in Seoul, South Korea. The degrees of the local reactions after the 1st and 2nd doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (ChAdOx1) vaccination were significantly associated with the S1-specific IgG Ab titers (p=0.003 and 0.01, respectively) and neutralizing Ab (p=0.04 and 0.10, respectively) in age- and sex-adjusted multivariate analysis, whereas those after the BNT162b2 vaccination did not show significant associations. T cell responses did not show significant associations with the degree of reactogenicity after the ChAdOx1 vaccination or the BNT162b2 vaccination. Thus, high degree of local reactogenicity after the ChAdOx1 vaccine may be used as an indicator of strong humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.513-518
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• 2009

목적: 관상동맥질환은 치료법이 개발되어 있는 매우 치명적인 질환이므로 빠른 진단과 치료방법의 결정 및 재발이나 앞으로의 위험성에 대한 평가가 중요하다. 최근에는 병태생리를 반영하는 심근관류 SPECT와 해부학적 영상인 CT의 퓨전 영상에 대한 기대가 증가되고 있다. 저자들은 심근관류 SPECT에서 가역적인 관류 변화가 있었던 환자에서 퓨전영상의 유용성에 대하여 후향적 분석을 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 다기관 공동 연구로 전국 5개 대학 병원에서 48명의 환자(남:녀=26:22, 나이: $63.3{\pm}10.4$ 세)를 대상으로 하였다. 환자들은 아데노신 약물부하로 Tc-99m 세스타미비 혹은 테트로포스민을 이용하여 휴식기 및 부하기 심근관류 SPECT와 64채널 다중검출 CT를 이용하여 CTA를 시행하였으며, 소프트웨어(CardIQ, GE healthcare)로 두 영상을 퓨전하여 두 검사의 진단 정확도를 비교하였다. 결과: 48명의 환자를 대상으로 144개의 관상동맥에 대하여 분석하였다. 이들 중에서 단일 혈관 질환 환자가 17명, 두혈관 질환 환자가 15명, 세혈관 질환 환자가 11명, 유의한 협착이 없는 환자가 3명이었고, 2명의 환자에서 좌측 주관상동맥의 협착이 발견되었다. 좌측 주관상동맥에 협착이 있었던 2명을 제외하고, 관상동맥의 협착을 진단하는데에 있어 심근관류 SPECT는 민감도 68.8%, 특이도 70.7%이었으며, 퓨전영상은 각각 82.5%, 79.3%, 이었고, 두 검사의 진단 정확도에는 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 퓨전영상에서는 좌측 주관상동맥의 협착을 포함하여 전체 82개의 협착 혈관 중 68개의 협착을 진단하였고, 심근관류 SPECT만으로 분석할 때보다 11개의 협착 병변을 추가로 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 애매한 관류저하를 보였던 3개의 관류저하 부위를 허혈 병변에서 제외할 수 있었으며, 4개의 병변은 관류저하를 유발하는 관상동맥을 수정하였다. 3개의 허혈 병변에 대하여서는 허혈 관련 병변 분절을 정확하게 국소화할 수 있었다. 결론: 심근 관류 SPECT와 CTA의 3차원 퓨전 영상은 관상동맥 질환의 병태생리를 포괄적으로 이해할 수 있도록 도움을 주고, 진단의 정확도를 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2015

Purpose As medical radiation exposures on patients are being social issues an interest in a relief of radiation exposures on patients is increasing. Further, there are many cases where some patients among who are getting PET/CT tests choose to get implanted with metal artifacts in their bodies. This study is to find out effects of presence or absence of metal artifacts when dose change or CT attenuation correction for the relief of radiation exposures are applied using phantoms through changes in standard uptake value (SUV). Materials and Methods GE company's Discovery 710 machine was used for PET/CT test equipments. We used NEMA IEC body phantoms. We also used screw and mesh cage made of titanium which are used in real clinical processes for the metal artifacts. Two experiments were conducted: One is to test and measure repeatedly about SUV about differences in CT attenuation corrections according to dose changes and another is to do the same procedure for SUV about the presence and absence of the metal artifacts. We injected $^{18}F-FDG$ into NEMA IEC body phantoms with a TBR ratio of 4:1 and then put the metal material into the transformation phantoms. Once a scanning for the metal artifacts was done we eliminated the metal artifacts and went on non-metal artifacts. For the each two experiments, we scanned repeatedly with CT kVp (140, 120, 100, 80) and mA (120, 80, 40, 20, 10) for an experimental condition. For PET, we reconstructed each with standard AC (STD) technique and quantitation achieved cnsistently QAC) technique among CT attenuation correction methods. We conducted a comparative analysis on measured average values and variations which were measured through repeated measure of SUV of region 1, 2, 3 spheres for each conditions of non-metal /metal scan. Results For each kVp, 120, 80, 40 (mA) of non/metal (screw, mesh cage) showed low frequency of fluctuation rates of above 2%. In 20, 10 mA above 2% of fluctuation rates appeared in high frequency. Also, when we compared the fluctuation rates of STD and QAC techniques in non/metal (screw, mesh cage) tests QAC technique showed about 1-10% of differences for each conditions compared to STD technique. In addition, metal types did not have significant effects on fluctuation rates. Conclusion We confirmed that SUV fluctuation rates for both STD and QAC techniques increase as dosage is lower. We also found that the SUV of PET data was maintained steadily in a low dosage for QAC technique when compared with STD technique. Hence, when the low dosage is used for the relief of radiation exposures on patients QAC technique may be exploited helpfully and this could be applied in the same way for patients with metal artifacts implanted in their bodies.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 홍삼음료의 다양화 및 기능성 강화와 여러 기능성을 가진 황기의 식품으로의 활용에 역점을 두고, 기존의 증점제를 대신하여 동결건조 천년초열매를 첨가한 새로운 기능성 홍삼음료을 개발하고자 하였다. 먼저 높은 항산화활성을 지닌 황기추출물을 얻고자 추출용매의 지용성정도를 달리하면서(100(증류수) : 0(95% 에탄올), 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75) $80^{\circ}C$에서 추출한 추출물의 항산화활성을 측정한 결과, ABTS 및 DPPH radical 소거능 실험에서 증류수의 비율이 증가할수록 추출물의 항산화력이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 추출용매의 온도에 의한 황기추출물의 항산화활성 차이를 알아보고자 추출용액의 온도를 달리하면서(60, $80^{\circ}C$) 추출한 추출물의 항산화활성을 비교해 본 결과, $80^{\circ}C$에서의 추출물이 증류수와 에탄올혼합비율과는 상관없이 대부분 $60^{\circ}C$ 추출물보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 기존의 점증제를 대신하여 다양한 기능성을 함유한 천연물 소재인 천년초분말을 선택하였으며, 구아검용액과 농도별 점도를 비교해 본 결과, 구아검 0.1%(w/v) 용액과 비슷한 점도를 나타내기 위해서는 천년초분말의 경우 1-2%(w/v)의 농도가 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 황기와 천년초 첨가가 홍삼용액의 저장성($35^{\circ}C$)에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 이들 용액의 pH와 총미생물수를 7일 동안 측정하였다. 홍삼용액에 황기와 천년초를 첨가한 경우, 저장 1일째 부터 pH가 급격히 감소하기 시작하였으며, 저장 3일째에는 pH가 약 3.6까지 떨어진 다음, 저장 6일 이후에는 다소 pH가 증가하였으며, 천년초분말을 첨가한 용액에서는 황기의 농도증가에 의한 유의적 pH 감소는 나타나지 않았다. 천년초를 첨가한 홍삼용액의 경우 황기의 농도와는 상관없이 저장 7일째 미생물의 성장을 관찰할 수 없었으며, 천년초를 첨가하지 않은 시료에 비해 6 log cycle 이상의 큰 살균효과를 나타내었다. 황기(3, 5%, w/v), 천년초(1.2%, w/v)를 함유한 홍삼용액(5%, w/v)이 대장암 및 뇌종양세포 증식에 미치는 영향을 각각 0.5 mg/mL과 1 mg/mL의 농도에서 살펴본 결과, 종양세포에 대한 의미 있는 증식억제효과는 나타나지 않았다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2016

Saccharin (o-benzoic sulfimide)은 1879년에 최초로 합성된 열량이 없는 인공감미료이다. 본 연구에서, 우리는 다양한 인간 암세포주와 인간 골수에서 유래한 중간엽 줄기세포에 대한 saccharin의 생물학적 활성을 실험해보고자 한다. 4가지 인간 암세포주(H460, H157, A549, SKOV3)와 쥐암세포(Raw264.7) 그리고 인간 골수 유래 중간엽 줄기세포에 대한 세포 viability assay는 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)의 변환을 기초하여 세포독성을 실험하였다. Saccharin을 처리하지 않은 세포와 대조적으로 saccharin을 처리한 세포에서 발현 양상이 달라지는 gene을 찾기 위해, 우리는 ACP를 기초로 한 DDRT-PCR을 시행하였다. 모든 실험에 사용된 세포들은 각기 다양한 saccharin 농도로(0.0, 4.8, 7.2, 9.6, 12.0, 14.4 mg/mL) 48시간 동안 처리되었다. 그 결과, 48시간 동안 다양한 saccharin 농도로 처리되면서 saccharin 처리를 하지 않은 암세포보다 saccharin 처리를 한 암세포에서 대사활성을 지닌 세포의 수가 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 이런 세포 증식의 감소는 농도가 증가함에 따라 더욱 두드러졌다. 그리고 saccharin에 대한 반응으로 MSCs에 다른 양상으로 발현이 되는 주목할만한 gene 후보군이 2% agarose gel 상에 16개 밴드로 나타났고, 7개는 발현이 증가, 9개는 발현이 감소한 gene으로 보였다. 이 후보군중 하나는 FK506 binding protein gene이다. 이 단백질이 줄기세포의 생장활성에 어떠한 역할을 하고 있는지는 명확하지 않고 saccharin의 줄기세포 증식 활성 증가에 대한 FK506 binding protein의 자세한 기능은 추후 더 연구가 필요하다.