• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.841-848
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• 2013

Background: The incidence of various types of cancers including the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has increased during the recent years. Diet and lifestyle factors have been reported to play an important role in the etiology of NHL. However, no such data are available from the Middle Eastern countries, including Oman. Materials and Methods: Forty-three histologically confirmed cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) diagnosed at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) and the Royal Hospital (RH), Muscat, Oman and forty-three age and gender matched controls were the subjects of this study. Frequency matching was used to select the control population. Information on social and demographic data as well as the dietary intake was collected by personal interviews, using a 117-items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Results: A non-significant increased risk of NHL was observed with higher body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 0.45, 2.93), whereas a significantly decreased risk of NHL was associated with a higher educational level (OR=0.12, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.53). A significantly increased risk was observed for higher intake of energy (OR=2.67, 95%CI: 0.94, 7.57), protein (OR=1.49, 95%CI: 0.54, 4.10) and carbohydrates (OR=5.32, 95%CI: 1.78, 15.86). Higher consumption of daily servings from cereals (OR=3.25, 95%CI: 0.87, 12.09) and meat groups (OR=1.55, 95%CI: 0.58, 4.15) were also found to be associated with risk of NHL, whereas a significantly reduced risk was associated with higher consumption of vegetables (OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.82). The consumption of fruits, milk and dairy products however showed no significant association with the risk of developing NHL. Conclusion: The results suggest that obesity, high caloric intake, higher consumption of carbohydrate and protein are associated with increased risk of NHL, whereas a significantly reduced risk was observed with higher intake of vegetables.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2008

Medical verification of cancer diagnosis in insurance claims is a very important procedure in insurance administrations. Claims staffs are in need of medical experts' opinions about claim administration. This procedure is called medical claim review (MCR) and is composed of verification and advice. MCR verification evaluates the insured’s physical condition by medical records and compares it with product coverage. It is divided into assessment of living assurance benefit, verification of cancer, and assessment of the cause of death. Actually cancer verification of MCR is applicable to coding because the risk ratio in product development is usually coded data. There are some confusing neoplastic diseases in assessing the verification of cancer. This article reviews gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue tumors (MALToma) of the stomach. The second most common group of stromal or mesenchymal neoplasms affecting the gastrointestinal tract is GIST. Nowadays there are many articles about the pathophysiology of GIST. However there are few confirmative theories except molecular cell biology of KIT mutation and some tyrosine kinase. Therefore, coding the GIST, which has previously been classified as an intermediate risk group according to NIH2001 criteria, for cancer verification of MCR is suitable for D37.1; neoplasm of uncertain or unknown behavior of digestive organs and the stomach. The gastrointestinal tract is the predominant site of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. B-cell lymphomas of the MALT type, now called extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type in the REAL/WHO classification, are the most common primary gastric lymphomas worldwide. Its characteristics are as follows. First, it is different from traditional stomach cancers such as gastric adenocarcinoma. Second, the primary therapy of MALToma is the eradication of H. pylori by antibiotics and the remission rate is over 80%. Third, it has a different clinical course compared to traditional malignant lymphoma. Someone insisted that cancer verification is not possible for the above reasons. However, there have been findings on pathologic mechanism, and according to WHO classification, MALToma is classified into malignant B-cell lymphoma and it must be verified as malignancy in MCR.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.2879-2881
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• 2015

There is paucity of data on non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) from our population in North-East India. In this retrospective study, patients were consecutively followed-up to see the clinic-pathological pattern of NHL, various responses, and pattern of relapses to first line treatment with chemotherapy. All patients in the present study received standard regimen of cyclophosphamde, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone (CHOP) with or without rituximab (R-CHOP) as per our institutional protocol as first line therapy. Our study has shown that, in our adult population, the majority of NHL cases present with stage II and stage III disease and extra nodal involvement, B-cell lymphomas and diffuse large cell lymphomas being the most common subtypes. International prognostic index was a significant factor for varied responses to treatment. The majority of relapses after complete remission occurred in the first year.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8613-8618
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• 2016

Background: The symptoms of small bowel malignancies are mild and frequently nonspecific, thus patients are often not diagnosed until the disease is at an advanced stage. Moreover, the lack of sufficient studies and available data on small bowel cancer makes diagnosis difficult, further delaying proper treatment for these patients. In fact, only a small number of published studies exist, and there are no studies specific to Thailand. Radiologic and endoscopic studies and findings may allow physicians to better understand the disease, leading to earlier diagnosis and improved patient outcomes. Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical, radiologic, and endoscopic characteristics of small bowel cancer patients in Thailand's Siriraj Hospital. Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis included 185 adult patients (97 men, 88 women; mean age = $57.6{\pm}14.9$) with pathologically confirmed small bowel cancer diagnosed between January 2006 and December 2013. Clinical, radiologic, and endoscopic findings were collected and compared between each subtype of small bowel cancer. Results: Of the 185 patients analyzed, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) was the most common diagnosis (39.5%, n=73). Adenocarcinoma was the second most common (25.9%, n = 48), while lymphoma and all other types were identified in 24.3% (n = 45) and 10.3% (n = 19) of cases, respectively. The most common symptoms were weight loss (43.2%), abdominal pain (38.4%), and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (23.8%). Conclusions: Based on radiology and endoscopy, this study revealed upper gastrointestinal bleeding, an intra-abdominal mass, and a sub-epithelial mass as common symptoms of GIST. Obstruction and ulcerating/circumferential masses were findicative of adenocarcinoma, as revealed by radiology and endoscopy, respectively. Finally, no specific symptoms were related to lymphoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.81-83
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• 2016

Background: Cancer is a subject of continuing concern, more common in adults than in children, but often with a poor outcome in the latter. Our study set itself the objective to describe the epidemiological and histological aspects of solid cancers in children in Togo. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study focused on cases of solid cancers in children diagnosed from 2010 to 2014 (5 years) at the pathology laboratory of the Tokoin teaching hospital. Data were collected from the records of that laboratory. Results: We collected 66 cases of childhood cancer representing 5% of all solid cancers. The annual incidence was 13.2 cases. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.4; mean age was of $7.2{\pm}1.6years$. The age group most affected was that of 5-9 years (40.9%). Four histological groups of solid childhood cancers were listed: lymphoma (n=34 cases; 51.5%), embryonic cancer (n=17 cases; 25.8%), sarcomas (n=13 cases; 19.7%) and carcinoma (n=2 cases; 3%). The most common histological types were Burkitt lymphoma (36.4%), nephroblastoma (10.6%) and retinoblastoma (10.6%). Conclusions: This study shows that solid cancers in children are relatively frequent in Togo with a male predominance. They are still largely dominated by Burkitt lymphoma, followed by retinoblastoma and nephroblastoma.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2016

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is known to mediate cancer cell death. Here, we show that B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), an anti-apoptotic protein, is regulated by GSK-3β and that GSK-3β-mediated regulation of Bcl-2 is crucial for mitochondrial-dependent cell death in paclitaxel-stimulated cells. We demonstrate that MCF7 GSK-3β siRNA cells are more sensitive to cell death than MCF7 GFP control cells and that in the absence of GSK-3β, Bcl-2 levels are reduced, a result enhanced by paclitaxel. Paclitaxel-induced JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) activation is critical for Bcl-2 modulation. In the absence of GSK-3β, Bcl-2 was unstable in an ubiquitination-dependent manner in both basal- and paclitaxel-treated cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that GSK-3β-mediated regulation of Bcl-2 influences cytochrome C release and mitochondrial membrane potential. Taken together, our data suggest that GSK-3β-dependent regulation of Bcl-2 is crucial for mitochondria-dependent cell death in paclitaxel-mediated breast cancer therapy. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(1): 51-56]

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.212-217
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• 1997

Induction of an adaptive response to ionizing radiation in mouse lymphoma (EL4) cells was studied by using cell survival fraction and apoptotic nucleosomal DNA fragmentation as biological end points. Cells in early log phase were pre-exposed to low dose of ${\gamma}$-rays (0.01 Gy) 4 or 20 hrs prior to high dose ${\gamma}$-ray (4, 8 and 12 Gy for cell survival fraction analysis; 8 Gy for DNA fragmentation analysis) irradiation. Then cell survival fractions and the extent of DNA fragmentation were measured. Significant adaptive response, increase in cell survival fraction and decrease in the extent of DNA fragmentation were induced when low and high dose .gamma.-ray irradiation time interval was 4 hr. Addition of protein or RNA synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide or 5,6-dichloro-1-.betha.-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRFB), respectively during adaptation period, the period from low dose ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation to high dose ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation, was able to inhibit the induction of adaptive response, which is the reduction of the extent DNA fragmentation in irradiated EL4 cells. These data suggest that the induction of adaptive response to ionizing radiation in EL4 cells required both protein and RNA synthesis.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.1169-1181
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• 2018

Background/Aims: Data on dexamethasone, cytarabine, and cisplatin (DHAP) as a mobilization regimen, compared to high-dose cyclophosphamide (HDC), for up-front autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is limited. Methods: Consecutive patients with aggressive NHL treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) or rituximab-CHOP who underwent chemomobilization using HDC or DHAP plus granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for up-front ASCT were enrolled from three institutions between 2004 and 2014. Results: Ninety-six patients (57 men) were included. Sixty-five patients (67.7%) received HDC; and 31 (32.3%), DHAP. The total CD34+ cells mobilized were significantly higher in patients receiving DHAP (16.1 vs. $6.1{\times}10^6/kg$, p = 0.001). More patients achieved successful mobilization with DHAP (CD34+ cells ${\geq}5.0{\times}10^6/kg$) compared to HDC (87.1% vs. 61.5%, respectively; p = 0.011), particularly within the first two sessions of apheresis (64.5% vs. 32.3%, respectively; p = 0.003). Mobilization failure rate (CD34+ cells < $2.0{\times}10^6/kg$) was significantly higher in patients receiving HDC (20.0% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.032). On multivariate analysis, the DHAP regimen (odds ratio, 4.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 15.17) was an independent predictor of successful mobilization. During chemomobilization, patients receiving HDC experienced more episodes of febrile neutropenia compared to patients receiving DHAP (32.3% vs. 12.9%, p = 0.043). Conclusions: The DHAP regimen was associated with a significantly higher efficacy for stem cell mobilization and lower frequency of febrile neutropenia. Therefore, DHAP plus G-CSF is an effective for mobilization in patients with aggressive NHL who were candidates for up-front ASCT.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2002

원발성 쇼그렌 증후군 (Primary Sj$\ddot{o}$gren's syndrome) 환자에서 폐에 발생하는 Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue(BALT) 림프종은 드문 질환이다. 본 환자는 49세 여자 환자로 5년 전부터 안구 건조증 및 구강 건조증이 점차 진행하였으나 그냥 지내던 중 2년 전부터 운동시 호흡곤란 및 전신 무력감이 계속 진행하여 본원에 입원하였다. 흉부청진상 호흡음이 거칠게 들렸으며 양측 폐야 전체에 걸쳐 흡기시 악 설음이 관찰되었다. 형광항핵항체시험 (FANA)이 양성으로 "speckled pattern"을 보였으며 anti-SSA(Ro) Ab 및 anti-SSB(La) Ab는 강양성 소견을 보였다. 단순 흉부 방사선 사진 상 양측 폐에서 미만성의 망상 결절성 음영 증가가 관찰되었으며 고해상도 흉부 컴퓨터 단층촬영상에서 양측 폐에 걸쳐 미만성 분포를 보이는 모자이크 양상의 비균질성 감쇠 (mosaic pattern of inhomogeneous attenuation) 소견이 관찰되었다. 경기관지 폐 조직 생검상 림프구의 침윤이 관찰되었고 개흉 폐 생검술을 이용하여 얻은 폐조직의 병리 소견에서 'low grade marginal zone B cell lymphoma of BALT(bronchus associated lymphoid tissue) type'에 합당한 소견을 얻어 원발성 쇼그렌 증후군 (Primary Sj$\ddot{o}$gren's syndrome) 환자에서 폐에 발생한 Bronchus-associated lymphaid tissue(BALT) 림프종으로 확진되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Medicine
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• 제99권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2024

목적: 대한민국에서 원발 중추신경계림프종(primary central nervous system lymphoma, PCNSL)의 발생이 증가하고 있고, 자가 조혈모세포 이식술(autologous stem cell transplantation, ASCT)이 젊은 환자들의 생존 성적을 호전시켜 왔다. 이에 서울아산병원(Asan Medical Center, AMC)의 PCNSL 환자 현실 세계 경험을 분석하고자 하였다. 방법: 환자 자료를 전향적으로 수집, 기록 중인 AMC 림프종 등록을 이용하였다. 2002년부터 2019년 8월까지 279명의 환자를 분석하였다. 결과: AMC의 PCNSL 발생은 점진적으로 증가하여 최근 4년 동안은 매해 전체 비호지킨림프종 신규 환자의 7.4-8.9%를 차지하였다. 중앙 연령은 60세(범위, 17-85)였고, 남자가 55%였다. 65세 미만(n = 183)은 후두엽 침범이 보다 적고, 베타-2 저분자글로불린 수치가 낮다는 것 외에는 65세 이상과 비교해 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 리툭시맵, 메토트렉세이트, 프로카르바진, 빈크리스틴(rituximab, methotrexate, procarbazine, and vincristine, R-MPV) 복합 유도 요법의 전체 반응률이 95%로 가장 우수하였다. 전체 환자의 중앙 생존 기간은 3.8년, 5년 생존율은 41.5%, 10년 생존율은 30.2%였다. 비교 시 젊은 연령군과 ASCT 시행군의 생존이 더 우수하였다. 싸이오테파, 부설판, 사이클로포스퍼마이드(thiotepa + busulfan + cyclophosphamide, TBC) 고용량 요법이 여타 조합보다 성적이 우수하였다. 기존의 PCNSL 예후 점수 체계가 본 연구에서도 유효하였다. 연령과 수행도가 독립 예후 인자였다. 중추신경계 외에서만 실패하는 경우는 전체 107명의 실패 중 6명(5.6%)이었다. 결론: PCNSL의 발생은 증가 추세를 보이고 있다. R-MPV 유도 요법 후 TBC 고용량 요법을 동반한 ASCT 시행이 젊고 적응증에 해당하는 PCNSL 환자의 생존 성적을 향상시켜 왔다.