• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2061-2067
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• 2014

Background: It has been demonstrated that neutrophil:lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet:lymphocyte (PLR) ratios are associated with prognosis in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pretreatment white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, basophil and eosinophil counts, LDH level, NLR and PLR are associated with prognosis in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed files of 50 patients who were managed with a diagnosis of MPM between 2005 and 2010. Demographic and clinical characteristics, treatments, response to treatment and prognostic factors were evaluated, along with relationships between pretreatment blood parameters and prognosis. Results: Overall, 38 men and 12 women were included to the study. Mean age was $61.5{\pm}9.4$ years (range: 39-83 years). There was advanced disease in 86% (n=43) and the histological type was epithelial mesothelioma in the majority (82%). Of the cases, 17 (34%) received radiotherapy, while 42 cases underwent first- and second-line chemotherapy, with cisplatin plus pemetrexed as the most commonly used regimen. In the assessment after therapy, it was found that there was complete response in 4 cases (8%), partial response in 10 cases (20%), stable disease in 17 cases (34%) and progression in 19 cases (38%). Median follow-up was 10 months (range: 10 day-30 months). Median overall survival was found to be 20.7 months while median progression-free survival as 10 months. In univariate and multivariate analyses, it was found that factors significantly affecting overall survival included stage (p=0.030), response to treatment (p=0.026) and monocyte count (p=0.004), while factors affecting disease-free survival included NLR (p=0.018), response to treatment (p=0.001), and PLR score (p=0.003). Conclusions: Overall and disease-free survival was found to be better in cases with a WBC count<8.000, platelet count<300,000, and low NLR and PLR scores in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2219-2224
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• 2012

Background: Circulating lymphocyte subsets reflect the immunological status and might therefore be a prognostic indicator in cancer patients. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical significance of circulating lymphocyte subset in gastric cancer (GC) cases. Methods: A retrospective study on a prevalent cohort of 846 GC patients hospitalized at Hospital from Aug 2006 to Jul 2010 was conducted. We calculated the patient's disease free survival (DFS) after first hospital admission, and hazard ratios (HR) from the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Our findings indicated a significantly decreased percentage of CD3+, and CD8+ cells, a significantly increased proportion of $CD4^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD44^+$, $CD25^+$, NK cells, and an increased $CD4^+/CD8^+$ ratio in GC patients as compared with healthy controls (all P < 0.05). Alteration of lymphocyte subsets was positively correlated with sex, age, smoking, tumor stage and distant metastasis of GC patients (all P<0.05). Follow-up analysis indicated significantly higher DFS for patients with high circulating $CD19^+$ lymphocytes compared to those with low $CD19^+$ lymphocytes (P=0.037), with $CD19^+$ showing an important cutoff of $7.91{\pm}2.98%$ Conclusion: Circulating lymphocyte subsets in GC patients are significantly changed, and elevated CD19+ cells may predict a favorable survival.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.81-84
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• 2000

Effects of different photoperiod regimens on the cellular and humoral immunity in broiler chickens were studied(Exp 1). Total one hundred ninety two one-day-old commercial broiler chicks(Cobb$\times$Cobb) were raised between constant lighting(CL) and intermittent lighting (1h light: 3h darkness(IL; 1l; 3D) Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion were measured for seven week. Peripheral blood and splenic lymphocyte activities were tested at 3 and 5 wk of age by performing a mitogen cellproliferation assay with a polyclonal T-cell mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A), and B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To investigate the effect of photoperiod on the humoral immunity, chicks were immunized with sheep red blood cell(SRBC) and iinactivated Newcastle disease virus(NDV) vaccine. Total immunoglobulin G(IgG) concentration was also determined. Diurnal change of melatonin was tested in sera. In experiment 2, 0.1ml melatonin were subcutaneously injected from three to five weeks old if immunomodulation effect of lighting regimen was due to the melatonin or not. Injections of melatonin were made at 0700h and the dosage was 10ng (M2), 100ng(M3), 1$\mu\textrm{g}$(M4) per bird daily, respectively. control were quivalent injections of vehicle(M1). Lymphocyte activities were tested and humoral immunities were examined at 5 weeks of age. Blood melatonin concentration was determined at 0h, 1, h, 2h, and 3h posterior to injection at five weeks old. It was higher in CL chicks than IL chickens during the subsequent period of 3 to 5 wk of age. However, weight gain of chicks raised IL were significantly higher at 6 wk of age than CL(P<0.05). Antibody response to NDV was not affected by both photoperiod regimens and melatonin injection, whereas anti-SRMB titer and IgG concentration were enhanced. Lymphocyte activity of chickens raised under IL was sighificantly higher than those of chickens raised under CL. Melatonin injection also increased lymphocyte activity. When peripheral blood lymphocytes were used, proliferation response to LPS and Con A were significantly increased in M2 and respectively. The results of this experiments suggest that IL improved host immune response and melatonin have immunomodulatory roles.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2018

Background: The pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes inflammation, oxidative stress, an imbalance of proteases and antiproteases and apoptosis which has been focused on lately. Abnormal apoptotic events have been demonstrated in both epithelial and endothelial cells, as well as in inflammatory cells including neutrophils and lymphocytes in the lungs of COPD patients. An increased propensity of activated T lymphocytes to undergo apoptosis has been observed in the peripheral blood of COPD patients. Therefore, the apoptosis of T lymphocytes without activating them was investigated in this study. Methods: Twelve control subjects, 21 stable COPD patients and 15 exacerbated COPD patients were recruited in the study. The T lymphocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood using magnetically activated cell sorting. Apoptosis of the T lymphocytes was assessed with flow cytometry using Annexin V and 7-aminoactinomycin D. Apoptosis of T lymphocytes at 24 hours after the cell culture was measured so that the T lymphocyte apoptosis among the control and the COPD patients could be compared. Results: Stable COPD patients had increased rates of $CD4^+$ T lymphocyte apoptosis at 24 hours after the cell culture, more than the $CD4^+$ T lymphocyte apoptosis which appeared in the control group, while the COPD patients with acute exacerbation had an amplified response of $CD4^+$ T lymphocyte apoptosis as well as of $CD8^+$ T lymphocyte apoptosis at 24 hours after the cell culture. Conclusion: Stable COPD patients have more apoptosis of $CD4^+$ T lymphocytes, which can be associated with the pathophysiology of COPD in stable conditions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.239-244
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• 2005

Hematologic investigations were made on the blood samples taken from bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-seropositive Holstein-Friesian cattle in Korea, and their absolute lymphocyte count was compared with that of BLV-seronegative cattle. The incidence of persistent lymphocytosis (PL) was also determined. The normal bovine lymphocyte count was established on the basis of studies of 656 blood samples taken three times from 297 seronegative animals aged from 0~6 months to over 5 years at 5~6-month intervals. The data were examined according to 7 age groups of samples placed into their respective age groups. A peak in average total count was reached at 6~12 months ($5.36{\times}10^3/{\mu}l$) and thereafter the count declined continuously until over 5 years ($3.17{\times}10^3/{\mu}l$). From the results, 99.74 percent limits were calculated, and the upper limit of the range was chosen as the cutoff point for lymphocytosis. A PL was defined as a lymphocyte count that exceeded the above 99.74 percent limits and persisted over an interval of at least three months. The criterion for PL was applied to classifying 515 blood samples obtained four times from 189 seropositive animals without clinical signs at 5~7-month intervals. It was found that 54 (28.5%) of seropositive animals were with PL; cattle with PL were in age groups of 2~3 years to over 5 years.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.253-275
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• 1999

The effects of Sagunjatang and Samultang on the immunosuppression induced by methotrexate(MTX) in rats were investigated in this study. The multiple parameters of immunity assessed in each rats included leukocyte count, lymphocyte rate, the number of lymphocyte in tibial bone marrow, contact hypersensitivity to DNFB, morphological change of thymocyte and IgG antibody on SDS-PAGE. Sprague-Dawley male rats were used and divided into five groups at random. Group A was normal control. Group B, the MTX treatment control, was injected i.v. with 2mg/kg of on days 9, 11 after sensitization with SRBC on 5th day. Group C, the experimental control, was treated Sagunjatang for 18days and MTX. Group D was treated Samultang for 18days and MTX. Group E was treated Sagunjatang-Samultang for 18days and MTX. The dosage of Sagunjatang and Samultang was $1m{\ell}/day$ respectively. In the case of Group E, rats Were fed Sagunjatang $1m{\ell}$ in the morning and Samultang $1m{\ell}$ in the afternoon. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Leukocyte count in rats induced by intravenous sensitization with SRBC was decreased significantly in Group E. 2. Leukocyte counts of 2weeks later after being treated MTX were increased significantly in Groups C and D. 3. Lymphocyte rate in rats induced by intravenous sensitization with SRBC wasn't changed significantly in all the experimental groups. 4. Lymphocyte rate of 2weeks. later after being treated MTX was increased significantly in Group D. 5. The number of lymphocyte in tibial bone marrow was incereased significantly in Group C. 6. Contact hypersensitivity wasn't changed significantly in all the experimental groups. 7. Morphological finding of thymocyte in group C was similar to normal group as compared with control group. 8. Purified IgG of all the experimental groups showed two bands of 50,000 and 25,000 on SDS-PAGE. But there was no difference among experimental groups.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.154-164
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• 1991

These experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract(GR) on histamine synthesis, lymphocyte blastogenesis in C57BL/6J mice splenocytes, IL-1 production, $Ca^{2+}$ uptake by macrophage-like P388D$_{1}$ cells and plaque forming cell assay against SRBC. Histamine contents, lymphocyte blastogenesis, IL-1 activity, $Ca^{2+}$ uptake and plaque forming cell were determined by enzyme isotope method, [$^{3}$H]-thymidine incorporation, C3H/HeJ mouse thymocytes proliferation, the addition of 5 $\mu$Ci/ml $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ to P388D$_{1}$ cell suspension and assay to sheep red blood cell, respectively. Cytotoxicity, which was expressed as 50% mortality, was occurred by the addition of GR(10$^{-3}$g/ml). Histamine production in mouse spleen cell culture was significantly increased by 48 hour incubation added 0.25$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of Con A. Con A-dependent T-lymphocyte proliferation was also enhanced by the addition of 0.25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of Con A. GR depressed histamine contents at 10$^{-9}$~10$^{-4}$g/ml. and Con A (0.25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) dependent T-lymphocyte proliferation at 10$^{-5}$~10$^{-4}$g/ml. IL-1 activity was significantly decreased by 10$^{-8}$~10$^{-4}$g/ml of GR. $Ca^{2+}$ uptake was not changed by GR, but antibody production markedly increased at 10.0~50.0 mg/kg of GR. From the above results, it is suggested that GR have immuno-regulatory action; GR decreased cell-mediated immune response and increased antibody production by B lymphocyte at high doses.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.304-313
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• 2010

Out of the tenth graders of K girl's high school in J city, 24 students whose %fat was over 30% were divided into 3 groups through Purposing Sampling. Groups A and B were exercise groups and C was the control group. Using Borg's RPE (rating of perceived exertion), RPE 15-17 (hard-very hard) $\times$ 3 sets were set up for group A, RPE 11-13 (fairly light-somewhat hard) $\times$ 3 sets were set up for group B, and both groups performed step aerobics (step box: 68cm in length, 28cm in width, 15cm in hight, 450g in weight) for 50-60 minutes a day, 3 days a week for 8 weeks in total. This research was conducted to find out the effects of various RPE in step aerobics on the immunologic function (neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, IgG, IgA, and IgM levels) of overweight female high school students. By using SPSS Ver. 14.0, a repeated two-way ANOVA was conducted to find out the effects of interaction between the groups and time period, paired t-test to evaluate data within each group, and pre- and post experiment difference rates (%diff) to perform one-way ANOVA for group comparisons. The following results were found. As for WBC, within group A, neutrophil, monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil levels increased, while lymphocyte levels remained the same. Within group B, eosinophil levels decreased while neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and basophil levels showed no differences. Within the control group, neutrophil, basophil, and eosinophil levels decreased while lymphocyte and monocyte levels showed no differences. As for the group comparisons, neutrophil levels increased more in group A than group B and the control group. There were no differences in lymphocyte levels among the three groups. Monocyte levels increased more in group A and B than the control group. Basophil and Eosinophil increased more in group A than group B and the control group. As for immunoglobin, within group A, the IgG level increased but the levels of IgA and IgM did not change. Within group B, the IgA level increased but the level of IgG decreased, and the level of IgM did not change. Within the control group, the IgG level decreased but the levels of IgA and IgM did not change. As for the group comparisons, the level of IgA increased more in group A than the control group, and the level of IgG increased more in group A than group B and the control group, but levels of IgM among the three groups did not show any difference. In summary, WBC and Ig levels showed that the three groups remained at the reference interval even after the exercise program. However, group A, which performed RPE 15-17 in step aerobics, showed increase in more measured items than the other groups, and this implies that the immunologic function has improved in the range of the reference intervals. Therefore, it will be effective to conduct step aerobics with the RPE 15-17 (hard-very hard) in order to increase the immunologic function.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.277-281
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• 1996

A technique to improve the analysis of micronuclei(MN) in lymphocytes as a cytogenetic indicator is reported. For the purpose of diminishing the variation of the result from individual reader and making it easier to distinguish accurately a cytokinesis blicked(CB) lymphocyte and micronuclei, we tried a modified one-step silver staining technique as a method for detection of the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region(AgNOR) with or without conventional Giemsa stain in the slide from CB method. Compared with the conventional Giemsa stain, the preparation processed with this method are especially useful for the accurate analysis of MN of cultured lymphocyte with cytochalasin B. This method will be a useful technique for automated calculation of MN.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.286-290
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• 2004

Cytogenetic and hematological analysis was performed in peripheral blood of pig in the vicinity of Yeonggwang nuclear power station and control area. The frequency of micronuclei (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes from pig was used as a biomarker of radiobiological effects resulting from exposure to environmental radiation. An estimated dose of radiation was calculated by a best fitting linear-quadratic model based on the radiation-induced MN formation from the swine lymphocytes exposed in vitro to radiation over the range from 0 Gy to 4 Gy. MN rates in lymphocytes of pig from Yeonggwang nuclear power station and control area were 10.60/1,000 and 11.10/1,000, respectively. There were no significant differences in MN frequencies and hematological values in pig between Yeonggwang and control area. The study indicates that the MN assay in lymphocyte of pig is a rapid, sensitive and accurate method that can be used to monitor a large population exposed to radiation.