• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.123-132
• /
• 2000

Bone is continuously remodeled during adult life with the resorption of old bone by osteoclasts and its subsequent replacement by osteoblast. Bone homeostasis is maintained by a balance between activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, but an imbalance between resorption and formation results in bone diseases including osteoporosis. Osteoblasts line up on the bone surface, especially regions of new bone formation, lay down bone matrix (osteoid) in orderly lamellae and induce its mineralization. Thus, the increased activity of osteoblasts is helpful to treat and prevent osteoporosis. In this study, we examined whether 80% EtOH extract of yukmijiwhang-whan is capable of affecting osteoblast proliferation using human osteoblast-like cell line, MG-63 and Saos-2. In an in vivo experiment, extract of yukmijiwhang-whan was administered for 9 weeks to ovariectomized (OVX) rats. At necropsy, uterus weights were measured, and trabecular bone areas (TBAS) of tibia and the sixth lumbar vertebra were measured by bone histomorphology. The maximum cell proliferation of MG-63 caused by extract of yukmijiwhang-whan at $5\;{\times}\;10^{-6}\;mg/ml$ was approximately 115% compared with control. In Saos-2, cell proliferation was approximately 145% of control at $5\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;mg/ml$ and maximum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was approximately 143% of control at $5\;{\times}\;10^{-5}\;mg/ml$. In animal study, however, the tibia and lumbar TBAS of the yukmijiwhang-whan group did not increased than the OVX control group. In conclusion, the 80% EtOH extract of yukmijiwhang-whan increased proliferation of osteoblasts but did not prevent bone loss in OVX rats.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.221-226
• /
• 2008

Objective : The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the dynamic stabilization system in the treatment of degenerative spinal diseases. Methods : The study population included 20 consecutive patients (13 females, 7 males) with a mean age of $61{\pm}6.98$ years (range 46-70) who underwent decompression and dynamic stabilization with the Dynesys system between January 2005 and August 2006. The diagnoses included spinal stenosis with degenerative spondylolisthesis (9/20, 45%), degenerative spinal stenosis (5/20, 25%), adjacent segmental disease after fusion (3/20, 15%), spinal stenosis with degenerative scoliosis (2/20, 10%) and recurrent intervertebral lumbar disc herniation (1/20, 5%). All of the patients completed the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The following radiologic parameters were measured in all patients : global lordotic angles and segmental lordotic angles (stabilized segments, above and below adjacent segments). The range of motion (ROM) was then calculated. Results : The mean follow-up period was $27.25{\pm}5.16$ months (range 16-35 months), and 19 patients (95%) were available for follow-up. One patient had to have the implant removed. There were 30 stabilized segments in 19 patients. Monosegmental stabilization was performed in 9 patients (47.3%), 9 patients (47.3%) underwent two segmental stabilizations and one patient (5.3%) underwent three segmental stabilizations. The most frequently treated segment was L4-5 (15/30, 50%), followed by L3-4 (12/30, 40%) and L5-S1 (3/30, 10%). The VAS decreased from $8.55{\pm}1.21$ to $2.20{\pm}1.70$ (p<0.001), and the patients' mean score on the Korean version of the ODI improved from $79.58%{\pm}15.93%$ to $22.17%{\pm}17.24%$ (p<0.001). No statistically significant changes were seen on the ROM at the stabilized segments (p=0.502) and adjacent segments (above segments, p=0.453, below segments, p=0.062). There were no patients with implant failure. Conclusion : The results of this study show that the Dynesys system could preserve the motion of stabilized segments and provide clinical improvement in patients with degenerative spinal stenosis with instability. Thus, dynamic stabilization systems with adequate decompression may be an alternative surgical option to conventional fusion in selected patients.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.90-103
• /
• 2016

This research was aimed to analyze load sharing ratios between cortical shell and trabecular bone of a degraded lumbar vertebra with aging, and also evaluate elastic moduli assigned into an FE model, using finite element method. For the better analysis of trabecular bone, effective elastic moduli, that is, nominal elastic moduli divided by the volumetric porosities was used. The elastic moduli of the cortical shell suitable for the trabecular bone were obtained from the equations on the basis of idealized stress-strain relations, including areal porosities. To minimize numerical errors, p-element was used. Using eight parameters that refer to some published papers, the geometry of L3 with a removed posterior part. After the constant compressive displacement was applied, the load sharing ratios were obtained by using both every elastic strain energy and every vertical force between two bones in each 8-volume. As results, 1) according to an increase in age from 20-year to 80-year, load sharing ratios of trabecular bone decreased from 55% to 49%; 2) the maximal ratios of each bone were occurred in the mid-plane of centrums and the endplate of cortical shells, respectively; 3) effective elastic moduli assigned into a porous centrum/cortex were found to be adequate; 4) for load sharing ratios, the difference of two methods showed that the total ratios were almost same within less than 1% but the partial ratios at every depth were more or less different each other.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2014

Objectives The relationship between metabolic syndrome causes and bone mineral density (BMD) was explored by taking 60 female chronic low back pain patients with age 61 years old or elder having metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis as study subjects. Methods Fasting blood glucose, serum total-cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL were measured by biochemical tests. Anthropometric elements and blood pressure were measured. Results Average BMD and T-score of part number 1 to 3 of lumbar vertebra were estimated by Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT). In order to find the relationship between clinical factors and osteoporosis, correlation analysis was done on T-score. Age (r=0.679, p<0.01) had significant negative correlation and weight (r=0.342, p<0.01) and height (r=0.475, p<0.01) had significant positive correlation. Blood glucose, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and body mass index did not have significant correlation. BMD had negative correlation with age (r=0.317, p<0.05). Regression analysis was done by taking T-score as independent variables and taking other factors as dependent variables. It was possible to know that age ($\beta$=-0.471, t=-7.050) with p<0.001, height ($\beta$=0.277, t=4.120) and weight ($\beta$=2.856, t=2.780) with p<0.05 have significant impact on osteoporosis. Conclusions Therefore, it was possible to know that T-score and BMD decrease as one gets older and T-score and BMD increase as one is taller and heavier.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2010

Objectives : This study will broaden understanding of acupotomy therapy through comparison of side effects and complication which can be caused by the mechanism of treatment, surgical methods, and procedure by acupotomy therapy and epidural neuroplasty. Moreover, through an in-depth analysis of headache affected by two procedures, this research is supposed to find prospective cures for headache after acupotomy therapy. Methods : To compare acupotomy therapy with epidural neuroplasty this research was done using a comparative analysis eight theses about acupotomy therapy since 1995, as well as eleven theses about epidural neuroplasty since 2000. Other theses and data were used as references in the process of comparative analysis. Results : Acupotomy therapy and epidural neuroplasty, new treatments of damaged discs in the spine and stenosis made in 1990s, have the mechanism of treatment in common in that adhesion, a node or scar caused by the soft tissue damage is removed by putting catheter or acupuncture into the lesions. Epidural neuroplasty has additional injection into the lesions, which is different from acupotomy therapy in the process of surgical procedure. There are various reports of positive effects about curative effect in these two treatments. The two procedures may cause various complications. Headache may be a complication after surgery. The headache after acupotomy therapy is characterized as being an ache in the body, which is similar to that of post-dural puncture headache in the outbreaks and symptom. Headache after percutaneous epidural neuroplasty appears in general, which is similar to a headache as a result of the increased pressure of the brain spinal cord regardless of posture. Conclusions : Although they are alike in the mechanism of treatment, surgical methods and side effects, and complication after they are carried out as a result of analyzing theses related to acupotomy therapy and percutaneous epidural neuroplasty, there is a difference in aspects and mechanism of headaches experienced after the procedure.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2006

Purpose: Changes of degenerative disc have been analyzed or with the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to assign appropriate meaning, and the relationship between the degenerative changes of the discs and its living function has been evaluated through the living function evaluation scores collected by functional rating index. Methods: in April, 2006, a physical examination was conducted for physical laborers to be employed as on-site laborer in a steel industrial complex located at a region. A month later, these 20 laborers who participated in lumbar vertebra MRI tests have been investigated for one-to-one mobile phone functional rating index test. Excluding 3 of 14 respondents whom scored 0 in functional rating index, the rest of respondents' degenerative disc grade changes shown in MRI and its relationship to living functional rating index have been performed. Results: The Dabbs method of measuring disc height resulted to show significant increase as the disc height changes from L1-2 level to L5-S1 level (p<0.01). However, there was no statistical significance with a relationship between disc height and functional rating index, and disc height average. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging analysis regard on the degree of disc degeneration and its relationship to living functional rating proved to have significant relationship (p<0.05). Conclusion: The degenerative changes monitored by Magnetic Resonance Imaging show significant relationship (p<0.05) to living function. However, this relationship could vary depend upon the characteristics of study population. So, it suggested that the future studies should be performed by considering population's age and job career.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 2006

Purpose: Many kinds of musculoskeletal disease and symptom are caused by the longtime computer works. However, trapezius muscle tonus has not been established in regarding to keyboard height during typing. Therefore, this study is to evaluate the relationship between trapezius muscle tonus and the height of keyboard while typing, controling for the postures of neck, Lumbar, cervical vertebra. Methods: The experimental height of keyboard was set at elbow height, 3cm higher, 6cm higher, 9cm higher, than elbow. We studied trapezius tonus with the mean value for 2 minutes by EMG in 15 males and 15 females worker of hospital in seoul, who did not have a history of muscle disease, neurological signs, nerve damage. Results: In this experimental, as the height of the keyboard went up, the trapezius tonus significantly increased with shoulder abduction of brachium. Second, right and left trapezius tonus appeared similar while typing. Third, the best height that release the trapezius tonus the was as high as elbow and 3cm higher than elbow. Conclusion: With these above results, we suggest that the appropriate height of keyboard during typing to release the trapezius tonus most is the height of the elbow and 3cm higher than elbow. The study has important implications for focusing on the height of VDT worktable and complaining of a pain by oneself which are useful to establish a method of prevention of musculoskeletal disorder in work in the future.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2007

Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that have effects on the neurological deficit in the patients with thoracolumbar fracture. Methods : Forty-eight patients were included. Cause of injury, type of injury, time interval, combined injury, kyphotic angle, spinal canal compromise, sagittal diameter, the most narrow sagittal diameter, transverse diameter, the most narrow transverse diameter, and remained height of vertebra body were concerned as the factors. The patients with American Spinal Injury Association[ASIA] impairment scale grade A to D were considered as having neurology while others with ASIA grade E were considered to be without neurology. The patients with ASIA grade A were classified to paraplegia group and the patients with ASIA grade B to E were not thought to be paraplegia. Statistical analysis for these groups were performed. Results : Spinal canal compromise [P<0.001] have correlation with neurological deficit. The most narrow sagittal diameter was smaller in the group with deficit than that in the group without deficit [P<0.004]. Also, combined injury have correlation with neurology [P=0.028]. Spinal canal compromise [P<0.001], sagittal diameter [P=0.032], the most narrow sagittal diameter [P=0.025], and Denis type [P<0.001] also have correlation with paraplegia. Conclusion : The factors of percentage of spinal canal compromise, the most narrow sagittal diameter, and combined injury are predictive of neurological deficit. The patients with paraplegia may be predicted by the factors such as type of injury, spinal canal compromise, sagittal diameter, the most narrow sagittal diameter, and Denis type.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.337-342
• /
• 2014

Objective : To determine deformity correction by postural correction and subsequent balloon inflation in acute vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) and to examine the effect of bone mineral density on deformity correction. Methods : A totol of 50 acute OVCFs received balloon kyphoplasty. Lateral radiographs were taken and analyzed at five different time points : 1) preoperative, 2) after placing the patient in prone hyperextended position, 3) after balloon inflation, 4) after deposition of the cement, and 5) postoperative. All fractures were analyzed for height restoration of anterior (Ha), middle (Hm) and posterior (Hp) vertebra as well as Cobb angle and Kyphotic angle. The bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. According to the T-score, the patients were divided into two groups which were osteoporosis group and osteopenia group. Results : Postoperative measurements of Ha, Hm and the Cobb angle demonstrated significant reduction of 4.62 mm, 3.66 mm and $5.34^{\circ}$ compared with the preoperative measurements, respectively (each p<0.05). Postural correction significantly increased Ha by 5.51 mm, Hm by 4.35 mm and improved the Cobb angle by $8.32^{\circ}$ (each p<0.05). Balloon inflation did not demonstrate a significant improvement of Ha, Hm or the Cobb angle compared with baseline prone hyperextended. Postural correction led to greater improvements of Ha, Hm and Cobb angle in osteoporosis group than osteopenia group (each p<0.05). Conclusion : In acute OVCFs, the height restoration was mainly attributed to postural correction rather than deformity correction by balloon inflation. BMD affected deformity correction in the process of postural correction.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.445-448
• /
• 2014

A 7-year-old, male Alaskan malamute was referred for a routine dental management. On the physical examination, the right hindlimb ataxia with a mild delay in proprioception was noted. On magnetic resonance images, an extradural ventral cystic structure compressing the spinal cord was found at the level between the first and second lumbar vertebra. The cyst showed hypointense on a T1-weighted image with rim enhancement and hyperintense on a T2-weighted image. The cystic lesion was removed through right-side hemilaminectomy. In the histopathological examination, evenly distributed fibroblasts and collagenous stroma with several cartilaginous materials were seen. The neurological signs of the right hindlimb were successfully recovered within a week in follow-up neurological examination and showed normal gait at 6 months after surgery.