• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2013

Purpose: This study evaluated the validity of measuring paravertebral muscle function with 3D-NEWTON (Hanmed, Korea) by assessing the correlation between Biodex (Biodex, USA) and surface electromyography (EMG). Methods: Nineteen healthy adults participated. The function of their paravertebral muscle was measured in three ways. Maximum endurance time was measured in seconds when 3D-NEWTON was inclined forward for assessing extensor function, and inclined backward for assessing flexor function. Using surface EMG, maximum muscle activity was obtained from the eractor spinae and rectus abdominis during the 3D-NEWTON measurement. Maximum muscle activity was the mean activity from 10 seconds when the root mean squared firing data was highest. Through Biodex the peak torques of the extensor and flexor were measured during isometric exercises. The Spearman correlation coefficiencts from 3D-NEWTON, surface EMG, and Biodex were calculated. Results: The data from surface EMG and Biodex were statistically correlated when measured for flexor function, but less so for extensor function. In the case of 3D-NEWTON, the correlation coefficient with Biodex was 0.50 (p=0.05), while the coefficient with surface EMG was 0.53 (p=0.02) when measured for extensor function. Similarly, the correlation coefficienct with Biodex was 0.60 (p=0.01), while the surface EMG was 0.51 (p=0.03) for flexor function. Conclusion: 3D-NEWTON was a useful method for measuring paravertebral muscle function and can give helpful information for treating people with diseases associated with the lumbar spine.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine which factors influence the bone mineral density (BMD) of total femur (TF), femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) of the adult men by analyzing nationally representative Korean survey data. Methods: This study was conducted based on the data of 1,770 men aged 19-64 years from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V), 2010~2011. The BMD was analyzed by various factors (general characteristics, anthropometric data, health habits, chronic diseases, nutrient intake status). SPSS statistics for complex samples was used to analyze the data. Results: We observed that the BMD decreased significantly with aging. The BMD in each of the second lowest quartile of waist circumference (in TF & FN) and body mass index (in TF & LS) was lower than the respective BMD in the highest quartile group. The BMD in FN was higher in the group who reported the weight training. The BMD in LS was lower in hypercholesterolemia group than in the normal group. The BMD in TF, FN and LS was lower in hypertriglyceridemia group and in diabetes group than in the normal group. The BMD in TF, FN and LS was higher in the group with < Estimated Average Requirement iron intake. But there was no evidence to suggest that the BMD was related with educational level, income level, smoking, alcohol intake, anemia and nutrient intake status (except for iron). Conclusions: This study suggested that aging, waist circumference, body mass index, weight training, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglycemia, diabetes were site-specifically associated with the BMD in TF, FN and LS in the adult men. These bone site-specific factors need to be considered for the prevention of osteoporosis.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2008

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a disease-specific exercise (DSE) on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function and neck mobility in TMJ dysfunction associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Ten AS patients (seven males and three females) with TMJ dysfunction were recruited for this study. The DSE included exercises to correct head and neck posture and to improve the flexibility of the neck and TMJs. The patients attended treatment three times a week for 4 weeks, averaging 1 hour each session. Assessments were performed pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6 weeks after the completion of treatment. General physical status was assessed by four clinical measures (tragus-to-wall distance, modified Schober test, lumbar side flexion, and intermalleolar distance), the Bath ankylosing spondylitis function index (BASFI), and the Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index. The main outcome measures included TMJ function (craniomandibular index (CMI)), and neck mobility (flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral rotation). None of the measures of general physical status, with the exception of BASFI, were significant1y different between the pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6-week follow-up (p>.05). However, CMI and all neck movements, except for extension, significant1y improved after the treatment (p<.05). These improvements were maintained during the follow-up period. The DSE used in the present study seems to be a clinical1y useful method for managing patients with symptoms from the stomatognathic system in AS. Further studies with more subjects and longer treatment times, including the follow-up period, will be conducted to validate these findings.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.142-158
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• 2009

The increasing number of crimes in rapidly changing modern society is enhancing people's desire for safety. As of 2008, 2,900 private security businesses with 133,000 employees operated in the private security industry which emerged in response to growing demands from society and people. Of the employees, bodyguards (hereinafter referred to as "private security guard") accounted for about 10% or 13,000. Most private security guards were suffering from various occupational diseases. Especially as they needed to guard their clients many hours a day and worked in a standing position for a long time, private security guards often complained of low back pain. Under the pain, they were hardly expected to perform their tasks efficiently. There are several causes of low back pain. The most prevalent cause is muscle weakness and imbalance around low back. Especially because private security work often requires security guards to maintain a standing position for a long time, many of them are suffering from low back pain. This study pursued the following purposes. First, it tried to identify the pathogenesis of low back pain caused by muscle weakness and imbalance around low back. Second, it tried to provide private security guards, who can hardly have personal time at work, with an easy method to prevent and manage low back pain any time by researching an effective therapy for low back pain caused by muscle weakness and imbalance around low back.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권52호
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• pp.339.1-339.11
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• 2018

Background: Hip pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint in general practice. Although comprehensive diagnostic approach on hip pain is mandatory for adequate treatment, un- or mis-diagnosis is not rare in primary care. The aim of this study was to analyze descriptively un- or mis-diagnosed hip pain cases referred from primary care to a tertiary hospital, especially in young adults ${\leq}50years\;old$. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a consecutive cohort of 150 patients (${\leq}50years\;old$) with chronic hip pain (${\geq}6weeks$), which was not diagnosed or misdiagnosed based on the information provided on the referral form. Results: Overall an average 32 cases/month were referred due to hip pain without a diagnosis or with an incorrect diagnosis. Among them, 150 patients were enrolled in this study and 146 (97.3%) could be allocated to a specific disease by using data from routine clinical practice. Four common final diagnoses were femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome (55.3%), hip dysplasia (HD, 13.3%), referred pain from the lumbar spine (9.3%), and spondyloarthritis (SpA, 7.3%). In patients with FAI syndrome, 37 (44.0%) had pincer-type FAI and 33 (39.8%) had combined-type. Although the pain site or gender was not tightly clustered, the distribution of final diagnosis was significantly different according to hip pain location or gender. Especially, SpA or HD was not observed in younger women subgroup or elder men subgroup, respectively, when stratified by the mean age of participants. Conclusion: Most (> 80%) young patients with hip pain, a difficult issue to diagnosis for many primary physicians, had FAI syndrome, HD, spine lesions, and SpA. This study could give a chance to feedback information about cases with un- or mis-diagnosed hip pain, and it suggests that primary physicians need to be familiar with the diagnostic approach for these 4 diseases.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2022

Purpose : Kegel exercises reported that it is effective in managing stress-related or complex urinary incontinence through contraction and relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles. In many previous studies, it was confirmed that Kegel exercise is involved in respiration as well as urinary system diseases. However, there is a lack of research on the effect of pelvic setting when performing Kegel exercises. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect on maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and abdominal muscle thickness through Kegel exercise after lumbar-pelvic motor control using pressure biofeedback unit (PBU). Methods : The subjects of this study were 10 healthy female students in their 20s. Subjects measured MVV with a spirometer. In hooklying, external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis of the dominant hand were measured using ultrasound. The measured value was an average of three times. After one week of intervention, measurements were made in the same manner. Before Kegel exercise, pelvic setting training was performed using PBU. In hooklying, PBU was placed in the waist and set to 40 mmHg, and it was adjusted to 60 mmHg through pelvic muscle contraction. For Kegel exercise, the pelvis was first set using PBU, and then the pelvic floor muscles were contracted for 8 seconds and relaxed for 8 seconds, 10 times, 1 set, and 3 sets. Results : In MVV, a significant difference was confirmed after exercise than before exercise (p<.05). There was also a significant difference in abdominal muscle thickness before and after exercise (p<.05). Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, Kegel exercise using PBU had an effect on MVV and abdominal muscle thickness. However, since this study was conducted without a control group as a preliminary study, additional research should be conducted to supplement this.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2023

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and cardiovascular safety of romosozumab compared with placebo. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched from Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science until July 2022. Primary outcomes included the change in bone mineral density (BMD) from baseline at month 6. The secondary outcomes were the change of bone turnover markers (N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP); C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX)) from baseline at month 3, and the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events for the total follow-up period. Results: A total of 7 RCTs on 8,370patients were included. Romosozumab showed better effects in improving BMD in both lumbar spine and femoral neck at month 6 (standardized mean difference, SMD 2.20 [95% CI: 1.89-2.52], SMD 0.63 [95% CI: 0.41-0.86]). In contrast to placebo, romosozumab significantly increased PINP levels and reduced CTX levels at month 3 (SMD 0.93 [95% CI: 0.65-1.22], SMD -1.03 [95% CI: -1.23~ -0.82]. However, there was no significant difference in the composite incidence of cardiovascular adverse events and major adverse cardiovascular events (OR 1.16 [95% CI: 0.82-1.65], OR 1.08 [95% CI: 0.75-1.56]). Conclusion: This analysis showed that romosozumab significantly improved BMD compared to placebo and was beneficial for change in bone turnover markers. There is no significant difference in the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events compared to placebo.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2001

목적 : 유방암환자에 있어 수술 후 방사선치료 시행 여부가 향후 골전이 분포에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 후향적연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1988년 7월부터 1998년 7월 사이에 서울대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 유방암의 골전이로 방사선치료를 시행 받은 환자 중 IV 병기를 제외한 109명을 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 환자 중 69명(A군)은 과거 유방절제술 후 방사선치료를 받지 않았었고, 40명(B군)은 수술 후 방사선치료를 받았었다. 수술 후 방사선치료는 Cobalt 60 원격치료기(30명) 또는 6 MV 선형가속기(10명)를 사용하여 1회 1.8 Gy, 총 50.4 Gy를 조사하였었다. 쇄골상림프절, 액와림프절 및 내유림프절은 광자선을 이용한 전방조사야로, 흉벽은 전자선 또는 광자선을 이용한 접선조사야로 수술 후 방사선치료를 시행하였었다. 모든 환자에서 방사선치료의 범위에는 흉추 1번에서 10번 부위가 포함되었었다. 골절이 부위는 두개골, 경추, 흉추 1번 내지 4번, 흉추 5번 내지 8번, 흉추 9번과 10번, 흉추 11번과 12번, 요추, 골반, 대퇴골, 늑골 및 기타의 11개 부위로 구분하여 연구를 시행하였다. 결과 : A군의 골전이 분포는 요추부위 25명$(55.1\%)$, 골반부위 31명$(44.9\%)$, 늑골부위$(40.6\%)$, 흉추 11번과 12번 부위 26명$(37.7\%)$, 흉추 5번 내지 8번 부위 25명$(36.2\%)$, 흉추 9번과 10번 부위가 24명$(34.8\%)$으로 요추부위가 가장 빈도가 높았다. B군에서도 요추부위와 골반부위가 각각 22명$(55.0\%)$으로 가장 높은 빈도를 보였고, 늑골$(37.5\%)$, 흉추 11번과 12번 부위가 13명$(32.5\%)$으로 유사한 빈도를 보인 반면, 과거 방사선치료부위에 포함된 흉추 1번 내지 4번, 흉추 5번 내지 8번, 흉추 9번과 10번은 1명$(2.5\%)$, 2명$(5.0\%)$, 4명$(10\%)$으로 현저히 낮은 빈도를 보였다. 골전이의 빈도는 흉추 1번에서 4번(p=0.002), 흉추 5번에서 8번(p<0.0001), 흉추 9번과 10번(p=0.004)에서 두 군간에 현저한 차이를 보였다. 결론 : 유방암환자로 수술 후 방사선치료를 시행 받은 환자에서 방사선치료 범위에 포함되는 흉추 1번과 10번 사이의 부위에 골전이가 통계적으로 유의하게 적음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2003

연구 배경 : 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자의 경우 흡연, 저체중 질량지수, 활동량의 저하, 스테로이드 사용 등과 같은 골다공증의 위험요소를 동반하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 아직까지 투여방법에 따른 골다공증의 발생률에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 만성폐쇄성폐질환에서 스테로이드 투여방법에 따른 골다공증의 발생빈도의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 스테로이드의 총 투여량이 1,000 mg이 넘는 환자를 대상으로 세군으로 분류하였다. 제 I군은 입원력이 없고 흡입성 스테로이드 제재를 지속적으로 사용하며 간헐적 경구투여를 시행한 환자 15명, 제 II군은 경구 스테로이드 제재를 주로 사용하고 보조적으로 흡입성 스테로이드 제재를 사용하였지만 급성악화로 인한 입원력이 없는 환자 15명, 제 III군은 경구 스테로이드 제재나 흡입성 스테로이드 제재를 단독 또는 병용하였지만 급성악화로 인한 입원력이 1년에 1회 이상인 환자로 입원중 스테로이드 정주요법이 2주 이상 시행된 환자 15명이었다. 대상 환자들에 대하여 요추와 대퇴경부의 골밀도 검사 및 폐기능 검사를 시행하였다. 결과 : 세군 간에 스테로이드의 총 투여량, 흡연량, 체중질량지수 등에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 제 III군에서 유의한 $FEV_1$ 감소(p<0.05)와, 요추부 및 대퇴경부의 골다공증 발생률이 제 I군과 제 II군에 비해 유의한 증가가 있었다(p<0.01). 결론 : 이상의 결과로 보아 경구 스테로이드보다는 정주스테로이드 요법 후 골다공증의 발생이 증가하였으며, 이는 일정량의 스테로이드 투여시 투여 방법에 따라 골다공증의 발생이 영향을 받을 것으로 생각된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권3호
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• pp.310-317
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• 2012

Background: Airway obstruction and the extent of emphysema are reported to be responsible for reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Corresponding to different phenotypes of a pulmonary disease, different severity in extra pulmonary features may exist. We compared BMDs of subjects with or without airway obstruction and/or emphysema and investigated the relationships among BMD, the severity of airway obstruction, and the extent of emphysema. Methods: Using a university hospital database, we reviewed patients over 40 years old who performed spirometry, computed tomography of chest, and measurement of BMD of the lumbar (L) spine. According to the presence or absence of airway obstruction and/or emphysema, four groups were classified. Results: Among a total of 59 subjects, 33 (56%) had osteoporosis. The prevalence of osteoporosis in subjects with no airway obstruction and no emphysema, those with only emphysema, those with only airway obstruction, and those with both airway obstruction and emphysema were 42%, 57%, 64%, and 73%, respectively (p=0.047 by linear-by-linear association). The mean T-scores of BMD of L1 (p=0.032) and L1-4 spines were different among the four groups (p=0.034). Although the T-score of L1 BMD negatively correlated with the extent of emphysema (r=-0.275, p=0.035) and positively with each of body mass index (BMI) (r=0.520, p<0.001), forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$) (r=0.330, p=0.011), $FEV_1$/forced vital capacity (r=0.409, p=0.001), and forced expiratory flow at 25~75% of FVC ($FEF_{25-75%}$) (r=0.438, p=0.0001), respectively, multiple linear regression analysis indicated that BMI (p<0.001) and $FEF_{25-75%}$ were predictive of BMD (p=0.012). Conclusion: Low BMI and airway obstruction were strongly associated with reduced bone density rather than the extent of emphysema.