• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.119.3-120
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• 2002

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11
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• pp.51-79
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• 1998

Many higher fungi were collected at Korea from 1976 to 1998. They were identified and surveyed on resources with many reference books. According to the results, fungal fungi were 40 families, 90 general and 215 species. Among them , anti-cancer resources used in Korea were Ganoderma lucidum, Phellinus linteus, Agaricus brazei and Cordyceps militaris. Three species exception Agaricus brazei were distributed in Korea. All these are cultivated in Korea.

• Plant Resources
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 1999

Many higher fungi were collected at Korea from 1976 to 1998. They were identified and surveyed on resources with many reference books. According to the results, fungal fungi were 40 families, 90 genera and 215 species. Among them, anti-cancer resources used in Korea were Ganoderma lucidum, Phellinus linteus, Agaricus brazei and Cordyceps militaris. Three species exception Agaricus brazei were distributed in Korea. All these are cultivated in Korea.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.261.1-261.1
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.262.2-262.2
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• 2001

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2004

The loss of neurons and synaptic contacts following cerebral ischemia may lead to a synaptic plastic modification, which may contribute to the functional recovery after a brain lesion. Using synapsin I and GAP-43 as markers, we investigated the neuronal cell death and the synaptic plastic modification in the rat hippocampus of a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Cresyl violet staining revealed that neuronal cell damage occurred after 2 h of MCAO, which progressed during reperfusion for 2 weeks. The immunoreactivity of synapsin I and GAP-43 was increased in the stratum lucidum in the CA3 subfield as well as in the inner and outer molecular layers of dentate gyrus in the hippocampus at reperfusion for 2 weeks. The immunoreactivity of phosphosynapsin was increased in the stratum lucidum in the CA3 subfield during reperfusion for 1 week. Our data suggest that the increase in the synapsin I and GAP-43 immunoreactivity probably mediates either the functional adaptation of the neurons through reactive synaptogenesis from the pre-existing presynaptic nerve terminals or the structural remodeling of their axonal connections in the areas with ischemic loss of target cells. Furthermore, phosphosynapsin may play some role in the synaptic plastic adaptations before or during reactive synaptogenesis after the MCAO.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 1989

This study was carried out to know the possibility of simultaneous utilization of laccase from white-rot fungus with cellulase on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic substrate from autohydrolyzed oak wood. Laccases from 3 white-rot fungi, Pleurotus ostreatus. Ganoderma lucidum, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, were isolated, purified and measured their activities. The highest activity was shown in Pleurotus ostreatus and the lowest in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus has optimum pH of 5.94, Km value of 3.209 mM and appeared to be stable at relatively wide pH range, 4.7-8.72. Temperature stability showed that 60% activity was preserved after 40 minutes at $50^{\circ}C$. Laccase from Ganoderma lucidum reached to the maximum activity during 15-20 day incubation. This enzyme has optimum pH of 6.45, Km value of 6.71 mM and pH range of 5.0-9.0 for stabilization. 95% activity was preserved at $30^{\circ}C$ and 58% activity at $50^{\circ}C$. Concerned to the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic substrate with both enzymes, cellulase and laccase, simultaneously, mixed culture filtrates and mycellium extracts were shown higher hydrolysis rates than those of Trichoderma viride. There were no significant differences in the extent of hydrolysis among various mixed culture filtrates and mycellium extracts.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2002

The grains were used as solid-substrate for the cultivation of basidiomycetes. The grains were fermented with Ganodema lucidum 7094, Fomitella fraxinea 81003, Phellinus igniarius 26005, and its free sugar composition was investigated. For the mass cultivation of mycelia, the hydrated grains with cold water were put into the plastic bottle. The mycelial growth rate in the bottled grains was high in the early stage with inoculation of homogenized mycelium. The activity of mycelium was maintained by adding sterilized water in the middle of cultivation. There was marked difference in the content of total free sugar and composition ratio of free sugar according to kinds of basidiomycetes. The content of free sugar increased far more in grains fermented with mycelium than in grains which was not fermented.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2008

Immune system can protect host attacking from a variety of microorganism and virus through innate and adaptive immunities. The innate immune system can be activated by recognition of conserved carbohydrates on the cell surface of pathogen resulting in protection, immunity regulation and inflammation. Immunostimulating and anti-tumor ${\beta}$-glucan, major cell wall component of many fungi, could be recognized as pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) by C-type lectin such as pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) of host innate immunity cells. In spite of many studies of basidiomycetes ${\beta}$-glucan on immunostimulation, little is known about the precise mechanism as molecular-level. Among C-type lectins, dectin-1 was cloned and reported as a ${\beta}$-glucan receptor. In this report, we demonstrated induction of cytokine gene transcription by Ganoderma lucidum ${\beta}$-glucan in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by RT-PCR analysis. The expression of murine dectin-1 (MD-1) on RAW264.7 macrophage by RT-PCR showing both the full length, 757 bp $(MD-1{\alpha})$ and alternative spliced form, 620 bp $(MD-1{\beta})$. Both $MD-1{\alpha}$ and $MD-1{\beta}$ mRNAs were induced by ${\beta $-glucan both in the absence and presence of LPS. To explore expression of inflammatory cytokines by ${\beta}$-glucan, RAW264.7 cells were treated with ${\beta}$-glucan for 12 hours. As a result, the expressions of IL-1 IL-6, IL-l0 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were increased by ${\beta}$-glucan treatment in a dose-dependent fashion. From these results, ${\beta}$-glucan induced transcriptions of dectin-1 and immune activating cytokine genes, indicating induction of immune allertness by expressing dectin-1 and secreting inflammatory cytokines.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.31-36
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• 2017

We are made up to the variation of the structure modeling of the stratum corneum by the skin on the hydration. The given skin structure is consist of the control level of the intercellular route and transcellular route, and is confirmed to the variation of the modeling for algorithm. Hydration condition is consisted to modeling by the size, form and combination, that skin impedance is appeared to result the value of measurement by the several layer such as forms of ${\xi}-R-SC-RH$, ${\xi}-R-SL-RH$, ${\xi}-R-SG-RH$, ${\xi}-R-SS-RH$ and ${\xi}-R-SB-RH$. Hydration condition is showed to the alteration difference value of S-Corneum, S-Lucidum, S-Granulosum, S-Spinosum and S-Basale. And, composition condition was constructed with the alteration modeling that was established to separate the division parts for conversion system. We will be possible to progress the improvement effectiveness of the skin and to consist of the continuous hydration control system for functional on the skin. We will be possible to progress the improvement effectiveness of the skin and to consist of the continuous penetration control system for functional energy on the skin.