• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 1991

This is three case-reports of pleomorphic adenomas arising from one parotid gland and two minor salivary glands treated by total parotidectomy and complete enucleation. We conclude as follows : 1. During the parotidectomy, we tried to preserve the facial nerve by retrograde approach to the trunk from the mandibular branch where it passes over the posterior facial vein. Although the paresis of the lower lip following the operation was seen, it disappeared in about 3 months. 2. Microscopically, the tumor of the first patient (case 1) contained equally myxoid and cellular components and showed well encapsulation. 3. In the second patient (case 2), the tumor revealed large areas of hemorrhage, cystic change, dystrophic calcification and stromal hyalinization, but no definite evidence of carcinoma, therefore we labeled this tumer as "atypical mixed tumor". 4. In the third patient (case 3), the tumor showed principally myxoid component and incomplete capsule, but the tumor was well demarcated.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.671-677
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine the influencing factors of self-reported dry mouth in the employees in social welfare facilities. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 260 employees in social welfare facilities from January 5 to 30, 2015 by convenience sampling method. Except 25 incomplete answers, 215 data were analyzed by t test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 180. program. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, health-related characteristics, whole body dryness and self-reported dry mouth. The oral health-related quality of life was measured by five point Likert scale, and a higher score indicated a lower quality of life. Results: The self-reported dry mouth in the employees in the social welfare facilities varied by the general health status, stress, oral health status and oral malodor. The self-reported dry mouth was closely related to the quality of life and the four subfactors including dryness of skin, eye, lip and nasal mucosa. The quality of life had the influence on the self-reported dry mouth, nasal mucosa dryness, eye dryness, and oral malodor in order. Conclusions: The self-reported dry mouth was closely related to whole body dryness and the quality of life. It is necessary to develop the quality of life improvement programs that prevent and manage the dry mouth and whole body dryness in the employees in the social welfare facilities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.157-174
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• 2013

This study aims to develop a proper face design for traditional fashion doll so that the Korean traditional doll can achieve its stand in the modern collection with the new face design based on researching documents, analyzing the examples and delivering a customer survey. The majority of dolls in traditional costume has an innocent look with inverted triangle shape face. But the inverted triangle or oval shape as well as the refined look of well balanced facial features are preferred. An oval face, elongated eyes with no double eyelid or inner double eyelid, plump lips and round and high nose are considered beautiful in the traditional figure. Based on this result, a new design is configured with an inverted triangular face with slightly plump cheeks, eyes with reduced eye, pupil and double eyelid, round nose without tuning up and small and full lower lip.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.253-260
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the facial dimensions of young adult women with a preferred facial appearance and compare the results with those from the general population. Methods: Twenty-five linear, nine angular, and three area measurements were made and four ratios were calculated using a sample of standardized frontal and lateral photographs of 46 young adult women with a preferred facial appearance (Miss Korea group) and 44 young adult women from the general population (control group). Differences between the two groups were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: Compared with the control group, the Miss Korea group exhibited a significantly greater facial height, total facial height (TFH; trichion-menton), facial width (tragus right-tragus left), facial depth (tragus-true vertical line), and trichion-nasion/TFH ratio and smaller subnasale-menton/TFH and facial width/TFH ratios. Furthermore, the control group had smaller intercanthal and interpupillary widths. Conclusions: The Miss Korea group exhibited longer, wider, and deeper faces compared with those from the general population. Furthermore, the Miss Korea group had larger eyes, longer but less protruded noses, longer and more retruded lower lips and chins, larger lip vermilion areas, and smaller labiomental angles. These results suggest that the latest trends in facial esthetics should be considered during diagnosis and treatment planning for young women with dentofacial abnormalities.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.250-257
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• 2001

Sensory dysfunction following the injury of the inferior alveolar nerve requires objective examination to get a reproducible data and to provide necessary treatment. This study was designed to evaluate if the SEP(somatosensory evoked potentials) of the mental nerve can be used as an objective method for the diagnosis of nerve injury and sensory disturbances. The subjects were nineteen patients ($37.4{\pm}11.3$ years old) who had been suffered from sensory disturbance of the unilateral lower lip and mental region for over 6 months after the inferior alveolar nerve injuries confirmed by the microsurgical explorations. The clinical neurosensory tests as SLTD(static light touch discrimination), MDD(moving direction discrimination), 2PD(two point discrimination), PPN(pin prick nociception) and accompanied pain were preceded to electro-physiologic examinations as SEP. The score of sensory dysfunction (sum score of all sensory tests) ranged from 0 to 8 were compared to the latency differences of the mental nerve SEPs. The correlation between clinical sensory scores and SEPs were tested by Spearman nonparametric rank correlation analysis, the differences in SEP latency by Kruskal-Wallis test and the latency differences according to PPN and accompanied pain by Mann-Whitney U test. This study resulted that the difference of the latencies between normal side and affected side was $2.22{\pm}2.46$ msec and correlated significantly with the neurosensory dysfunction scores (p=0.0001). Conclusively, the somatosensory evoked potentials of the mental nerve can be a useful diagnostic method to evaluate the inferior alveolar nerve injuries and the change of sensory dysfunction to be reproduced as an objective assessment.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.234-243
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• 2006

The recent rapid development of HCI and surveillance technologies has brought great interests in application systems to process faces. Much of research efforts in these systems has been primarily focused on such areas as face recognition, facial expression analysis and facial feature extraction. However, not many approaches have been reported toward face direction detection. This paper proposes a method to detect the direction of a face using a facial feature called facial triangle, which is formed by two eyebrows and the lower lip. Specifically, based on the single monocular view of the face, the proposed method introduces very simple formulas to estimate the horizontal or vertical rotation angle of the face. The horizontal rotation angle can be calculated by using a ratio between the areas of left and right facial triangles, while the vertical angle can be obtained from a ratio between the base and height of facial triangle. Experimental results showed that our method makes it possible to obtain the horizontal angle within an error tolerance of ${\pm}1.68^{\circ}$, and that it performs better as the magnitude of the vertical rotation angle increases.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2001

A nationwide survey was performed to know the distribution and prevalence of human Gymnophalloides seoi infection on western and southern coastal islands in the Republic of Korea. A total of 4,178 fecal specimens were collected Iron) residents on 45 (24 western and 21 southern) islands, and examined by Kato-Katz and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. Eggs of G. seoi were detected from 160 (3.8%) people living on 22 (13 western and 9 southern) islands. The prevalence varied by the location of islands; higher on western islands than on southern islands . The highest prevalence was found on Amtaedo (25.3%), followed by Cheungdo (25.0%), and Anchwado (20.9%) (Shinan-gun). A little lower prevalence was observed on Munyodo (13.3%), Shinshido (12.9%), and Sonyudo (10.3%) (Kunsan-shi). Of the remaining islands, tile regions showing the prevalence greater than 5% included Kohado, Dallido (Mokpo-shi) . Pyeongildo, Kogumdo (Wando-gun) and Keogumdo (Kohung-gun). A strong age predilection was noted (p < 0.05): 95% of the infected people were over 40 years old. Females showed a little higher prevalence than males. The results indicate that human G. seoi infection is more widely distributed than previously considered. Nine of 11 islands (excluding the 2 known areas Munyodo and Sunyudo) that showed greater prevalence than 5% are regarded as new endemic foci of G. seoi.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 1998

The effects of some organic acids on the shelf life of cooked noodle and the change in textural properties were studied. Organic acids used were vinegar, lactic, citric and malic acid. The pH of noodle was adjusted to $4.7{\pm}0.25$ by dipping it in each solution for 30 seconds. Total microbial count and turbidity of the treated samples were measured storage for 4 days at $15^{\circ}C$. The total count was high in order of control, malic, citric, lactic acid and vinegar. High turbidity was observed in order of control, lactic, malic, citric acid and vinegar. Hardness, adhesiveness, cohesivenes and springiness were measured for 30 days at $35^{\circ}C$ using Rheometer along with concurrent sensory evaluation. The acid treated samples showed higher values in hardness and cohesiveness than control but lower in adhesiveness and springiness. After 30 days storage, the malic or citric acid treated sample led to a somewhat higher gumminess than control. Based on the sensory evaluation the malic acid treated noodle significantly exhibited the highest score followed by citric, lactic acid, control and vinegar.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 1999

Background and Objectives : Conditions such as muscle atrophy, stretching of strap muscles, and continued craniofacial growth factors have been cited as contributing to the changes observed in the vocal tract structure and function in elderly speakers. The purpose of the present study is to compare F$_1$ and F$_2$ frequency levels in elderly and young adult male and female speakers producing a series of vowels ranging from high-front to low-back placement. Material and Methods : The subjects were two groups of young adults(10 males, 10 females, mean age 21 years old range 19-24 years) and two groups of elderly speakers(10 males, 10 females, mean age 67 years : range 60-84 years). Each subject participated in speech pathologist to be a speaker of unimpared standard Korean. The headphone was positioned 2 cm from the speakers lips. Each speaker sustained the five vowels for 5 s. Formant frequency measures were obtained from an analysis of linear predictive coding in CSL model 4300B(Kay co). Results : Repeated measure AVOVA procedures were completed on the $F_1$ and $F_2$ data for the male and female speakers. $F_2$ formant frequency levels were proven to be significantly lower fir elderly speakers. Conclusions : We presume $F_2$ vocal cavity(from the point of tongue constriction to lip) lengthening in elderly speakers. The research designed to observe dynamic speech production more directly will be needed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.278-290
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to evaluate and compare the pulpal anesthesia induced by an inferior alveolar nerve block and that by Gow-Gates technique, and to investigate the relationship between pulpal anesthesia and intraoral soft tissue responses. After one side of mandibule was anesthetized with inferior alveolar nerve block or Gow-Gates technique using 2 % lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine in 19 volunteers of ages between 24 and 29 (16 males and 3 females, average age 25.9 yrs.), electric pulp tests were done on the canine teeth of the anesthetized side and contralateral one before, at 1 min, continued at every 5 minutes until 60 min, and every 10 minutes until 100 min after completion of local anesthetic injection. Degree of pulpal anesthesia was classified as anesthetic failure, possible anesthesia and complete anesthesia by the criteria based on the thresholds to electric pulp test of contralateral canine and the currents of the electric pulp tester. Subjective signs on the lower lip and tongue were checked and prick-pin tests were done on the buccal gingiva of the first molar, buccal and lingual gingiva of the canine tooth at 5, 10 and 20 min after the completion of anesthetic injection. Thresholds to electric pulp test, degree of pulpal anesthesia and relationship between the pulpal anesthesia and soft tissue responses were analyzed with SPSS, paired t-test, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test and correlation analysis. The results were as follows : No significant differences were found in the peak thresholds to electric pulp test, in the induction time to it and in the depth of pulpal anesthesia between inferior alveolar nerve block and Gow-Gates technique (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between pulpal anesthesia and soft tissue responses in both inferior nerve block and Gow-Gates technique.