• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.3-21
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• 2020

This study examined the relationship between residential environmental satisfaction and quality of life, and how the relationship between variables differed depending on housing type. Residential environments can affect a person's life in a variety of ways. However, there have not been many studies on the relationship between quality of life and residential environments, which increases the importance of this study. In this study, residential environments were categorized according to amenities, safety, and neighborhood relationships, which enabled the comparison of influence between these elements. In addition, this study analyzed the moderating effect of housing type to look for improvements for low-rise housing residents. For testing the hypotheses, moderating regression analysis was conducted with data from the 1^st Gyeonggi Province quality of life survey that had 18,953 subjects. Results showed that residential environmental satisfaction had a positive effect on quality of life, with amenities having the largest influence. Furthermore, housing type had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between safety and quality of life. In other words, safety was proven relatively important in improving quality of life for low-rise housing residents. Today, with the limits to quantitative growth, qualitative development has become more important. In this respect, this study provides important implications for many developing countries undergoing urbanization.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.19-29
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• 2016

As a lifeway and social change, the neighborhood build up around elementary school based on Perry's Neighbourhood Unit becomes change. Elementary School does not function as a center of residents' activity or community any longer. Activities occurred near the school move to the community streets that many facilities are distributed to, while utilization of facilities near schools becomes lower. On the bases of the current states, this study aims to draw a practical neighborhood center of residential areas by case study. The research is being mainly about low-rise residential areas in Seoul which includes one elementary school at least. In order to deduct the center of neighborhood, the survey takes two steps. At the preliminary survey, conduct the observation and do an interview to investigate awareness and actual status. Also to analyze practical center, do a main survey about land value, pedestrian volume, distribution of public transit and facility density. The research result shows that there is another activated center street not nearby elementary school in every case. This study assumes that the neighborhood center is not limited around elementary school and could variously build up by circumstances. It has significance that we present a question about the traditional theory and also could be references of the future city maintenance in the long term.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.623-647
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• 2014

In this paper, a probability distribution which is consistent with the observed phenomenon at the roof corner and, also on other portions of the roof, of a low-rise building is proposed. The model is consistent with the choice of probability density function suggested by the statistical thermodynamics of open systems and turbulence modelling in fluid mechanics. After presenting the justification based on physical phenomenon and based on statistical arguments, the fit of alpha-stable distribution for prediction of extreme negative wind pressure coefficients is explored. The predictions are compared with those actually observed during wind tunnel experiments (using wind tunnel experimental data obtained from the aerodynamic database of Tokyo Polytechnic University), and those predicted by using Gumbel minimum and Hermite polynomial model. The predictions are also compared with those estimated using a recently proposed non-parametric model in regions where stability criterion (in skewness-kurtosis space) is satisfied. From the comparisons, it is noted that the proposed model can be used to estimate the extreme peak negative wind pressure coefficients. The model has an advantage that it is consistent with the physical processes proposed in the literature for explaining large fluctuations at the roof corners.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1154-1159
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• 2006

The mold transformers have been widely used in underground substations of large building and have some advantages when compared with oil-transformer. Those advantages are low fire risk, environmental compatibility, compact size and high reliability. The mold transformer is generally known to have cooling duct between low voltage and high voltage coil. To achieve better compact structure and low loss, mold transformers made by one body molding method has been developed. Nevertheless, such kinds of transformer need better cooling method because heat radiation between each winding is still of problem. The life of transformer is significantly dependent on the thermal behavior in windings. Many designers have calculated temperature distribution in transformers and hot spot point by finite element method(FEM) to analyze winding temperature rise. In this paper, the temperature distribution analysis of 100 kVA pole mold transformer for power distribution were investigated by FEM program and the thermal analysis results were compared with temperature rise test.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.05c
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• pp.132-137
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• 2002

The mold transformers have been widely used in underground substations in large building and have some advantages in comparison to oil-transformer, that is low fire risk, excellent environmental compatibility, compact size and high reliability. In addition, the application of mold transformer for outdoor is possible due to development of epoxy resin. The mold transformer generally has cooling duct between low voltage coil and high voltage coil. A mold transformer made by one body molding method has been developed for small size and low loss. The life of transformer is significantly dependent on the thermal behavior in windings. To analyse winding temperature rise, many transformer designer have calculated temperature distribution and hot spot point by finite element method(FEM). Recently, numerical analyses of transformer are studied for optimum design, that is electric field analysis, magnetic field, potential vibration, thermal distribution and thermal stress. In this paper, the temperature distribution of 50 kVA pole mold transformer for power distribution are investigated by FEM program and the temperature rise test of designed mold transformer carried out and test result is analyzed compare to simulation data. In this result, the designed mold transformer is satisfied to limit value of temperature and the other property is good such as voltage ratio, winding resistance, no-load loss, load loss, impedance voltage and percent regulation.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2004

In this study, we analyzed the state of outdoor-space use and green-environment development for apartment residents, and investigated their ways of thinking on nature orientation and green environment. The results are as follows. 1) The ways of thinking and actual use of outdoor space by apartment residents appear different. 2) Due to the difference of apartment locations and complex environments, the state and reason of green environment construction are different between the residents of high-rise and low-storied apartments. 3) The residents of the low-storied apartments are more satisfied with the green environments of the complex than those of the high-rise apartments. In addition, constructing the green environment in a balcony and outdoor space enhances the satisfaction level of the apartment residents. 4) The residents of the low-storied apartments are passive in nature orientation, while those of the high-rise apartments are active. 5) Depending on the types of nature orientation, the apartment residents are grouped as 'people of nature experience', 'nature appreciators', or 'people of living-thing contact'. These groups show different patterns on the ways of thinking for outdoor space and green environment.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.365-384
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• 2014

The intensity of a ground motion can be measured by a number of parameters, some of which might exhibit robust correlations with the damage of structures subjected to that motion. In this study, 204 near-fault pulse-type records are selected and their seismic parameters are determined. Time history and damage analyses of a tested 3-storey reinforced concrete frame representing for low-rise reinforced concrete buildings subjected to those earthquake motions are performed after calibration and comparison with the available experimental results. The aim of this paper is to determine amongst several available seismic parameters, the ones that have strong correlations with the structural damage measured by a damage index and the maximum inter-story drift. The results show that Velocity Spectrum Intensity is the leading parameter demonstrating the best correlation, followed by Housner Intensity, Spectral Acceleration and Spectral Displacement. These seismic parameters are recommended as reliable parameters of near-fault pulse-type motions related to damage potential of low-rise reinforced concrete structures. The results also reaffirm that the conventional and widely used parameter of Peak Ground Acceleration does not exhibit a good correlation with the structural damage.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.315-329
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• 2019

Non-synoptic winds have distinctive statistical properties compared to synoptic winds and can produce different wind loads on buildings and structures. The current study uses the new capabilities of the WindEEE Dome at Western University to replicate a stationary non-Gaussian wind event recorded at the Port of La Spezia in Italy. These stationary non-Gaussian wind events are also known as intermediate wind events as they differ from non-stationary non-Gaussian events (e.g., downbursts) as well as stationary Gaussian events (e.g., atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flows). In the present study, the wind loads on a typical low-rise building are investigated for an intermediate wind event reproduced using a continuous radial impinging jet (IJ) at the WindEEE Dome. For the same building model, differences in wind loads between ABL and IJ are also examined. Wind loads on different surface zones on the building, as defined in the ASCE code for design loads, are also calculated and compared with the code.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.76 no.5
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• pp.663-674
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• 2020

In this study, partially restrained beam-column moment joints in the weak-axis direction were examined using three large-scale specimens subject to cyclic loading in order to assess the seismic resistance of the joints of low-rise steel structures and to propose joint details based on the test results. The influence of different number of bolts on the moment joints was thoroughly investigated. It was found that the flexural capacity of the joints in the direction of weak axis was highly dependent on the number of high-tension bolts. In addition, even though the flexural connections subjected to cyclic loading was perfectly designed in accordance with current design codes, severe failure mode such as block shear failure could occur at beam flange. Therefore, to prevent excessive deformation at bolt holes under cyclic loading conditions, the holes in beam flange need to have larger bearing capacity than the required tensile force. In particular, if the thickness of the connecting plate is larger than that of the beam flange, the bearing capacity of the flange should be checked for structural safety.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.201-211
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• 2021

The Ministry of the Interior and Safety in Korea developed seismic fragility function for various building types in 2009. Damage states for most building types were determined by structural analyses of sample models and foreign references because actual cases damaged by earthquakes rarely exist in Korea. Low-rise, piloti-type buildings showed severe damage by brittle failure in columns due to insufficient stirrup details in the 2017 Pohang earthquake. Therefore, it is necessary to improve damage state criteria for piloti-type buildings by consulting actual outcomes from the earthquake. An analytical approach was conducted by developing analysis models of sample buildings reflecting insufficient stirrup details of columns to accomplish the purpose. The result showed that current spectral displacements of damage states for piloti-type buildings might be too large to estimate actual fragility. When the brittle behavior observed in the earthquake is reflected in the analysis model, one-fourth through one-sixth of current spectral displacements of damage states may be appropriate for existing low-rise, piloti-type buildings.