• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.1205-1215
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• 2017

본 실험은 가공식품에서 폭넓게 이용되고 있는 식용유지인 hydrogenated palm kernel oil(HPKO)과 대칭형 triacylglycerol(TAG)로 주로 구성된 shea butter 및 두 유지의 blends를 대상으로 가수분해율을 비교하여 어떤 특성이 가수분해율에 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 녹는 온도가 서로 유사한 HPKO와 shea butter의 blending 비율을 다르게 할 경우 in vitro digestion에 의한 가수분해율에 차이가 있는지를 알아보았다. Shea butter의 complete melting point는 $34.5^{\circ}C$였으며, HPKO는 $39.5^{\circ}C$였다. In vitro digestion 실험 결과 shea butter blending 비율이 높아질수록 가수분해율이 낮아졌으며 2:8, 1:9(HPKO : shea butter) blending 유지는 shea butter와 비슷한 가수분해율을 보였다. HPKO에서 유래된 medium chain triacylglycerol(MCT)로 이뤄진 medium-medium-medium(MMM)은 가수분해율과 양의 상관관계를 나타냈으나 shea butter에서 유래하는 long chain fatty acid로 구성된 saturated-unsaturated-saturated(SUS)나 saturated-saturated-unsaturated(SSU)는 유지의 가수분해와 음의 상관관계를 가졌다. 또한, HPKO에서 유래된 lauric acid, myristic acid와 palmitic acid는 TAG 내 위치에 상관없이 함량이 높아질수록 가수분해율이 높아졌으며, shea butter에서 유래되고 비교적 탄소수가 긴 oleic acid의 경우 분포되는 위치에 상관없이 유지 내 함량이 많을수록 가수분해율이 낮아지는 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 반면 stearic acid의 경우에는 sn-1, 3에 위치한 함량에 따라 가수분해가 저해되는 경향을 보였다. 인체 내에서의 소화 과정은 매우 복잡하고 많은 요인의 영향을 받기 때문에 단편적으로 어떤 유지 특성들이 가수분해율에 영향을 미치는지 단언할 수 없다. 그런데도 본 실험에서의 결과는 난 소화성 유지 개발의 기초자료로 사용될 수 있고, 식품 산업에 이용될 때 영양학적으로 유익한 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.212-219
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• 2021

본 연구는 시어버터를 처방한 헤어트리트먼트가 탈색 모발에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 모발 보호 효과가 있는지를 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 시어버터의 함량을 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%로 다르게 첨가하여 트리트먼트를 제조하고, 트리트먼트 도포 전후의 모발의 굵기, 아미노산 분석, 모발의 표면 색상 변화, 주사전자현미경을 이용한 모발 표면을 분석하였다. 모발의 굵기는 시어버터를 5%로 처방한 모발에서 굵기가 가장 높게 증가하였다. 모발의 아미노산 함량도 시어버터를 5% 처방한 트리트먼트 시료의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 모발의 표면 색상을 비교한 결과, 시어버터를 5% 처방한 트리트먼트를 처리했을 시에 L⁎값과 b⁎값은 낮게 측정이 되었으며, a⁎값은 높게 측정되었다. 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 시어버터를 처방한 트리트먼트 모발의 표면이 탈색 모발에 비해 매끄럽게 개선되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 천연 소재인 시어버터가 탈색으로 손상된 모발을 보호하는 모발 화장품으로 사용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 1994

This study was performed to observe the effects of dietary fat levels and sources on lipids contents and cellularities of liver, brain, and adipose tissue of early weaned rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were prematurely weaned from postnatal 17th day with the experimental diets differ in fat levels : low(5%), medium(10%), high(20%) and fat sources : butter, soybean oil, butter＋ soybean oil. On the postnatal 29th day, contents of total lipid, triglyceride, cholesterol and phospholipid of serum, liver, brain and adipose tissue were determined, and DNA was determined to assess the cell growth. Rats early weaned fed high fat diet showed lower total lipid and triglyceride levels in serum and liver than those fed medium or low fat diet Rats early weaned fed high fat diet had adipocytes of fewer number, but larger size than those of rats fed low or medium fat diets. Rats early weaned fed soybean oil diet had more adipocytes thu those fed butter diet. Rats normally weaned to commercial chow diet showed lower total lipid, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in serum and liver, had fewer adipocytes than all early weaned rats except for rats fed high fat-butter diet. These results suggest that high fat-butter diet is ideal weaning diet at early weaning.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.300-311
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• 2021

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cholesterol-assimilation ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which were isolated from kimchi, a Korean traditional fermented cabbage. The isolated strain, using modified MRS medium, showed 30.5% cholesterol assimilation activity and was named Pediococcus acidilactici LRCC5307. Types and concentrations of bile were investigated for their effects on increasing the cholesterol assimilation ability of the LRCC5307 strain, a 74.5% decrease in cholesterol was observed when 0.2% bile salts were added. In addition, the manufacture of low-cholesterol butter using LRCC5307 was examined. After fermentation, LRCC5307 with butter showed 8.74 Log CFU/g viable cells, pH 5.43, and a 11% decrease in cholesterol. These results suggest that LRCC5307 could help in the production of healthier butter by decreasing cholesterol and including living LAB.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 1981

식물성(植物性), 동물성(動物性) 고지방식(高脂肪食)과 저지방식(低脂肪食)을 장기간(長期間) 섭취 했을 때 혈청(血淸) 지질성분(脂質成分)과 지단백분획(脂蛋白分劃)의 함대비(含臺比)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 알아보기 위하여 흰쥐를 사용하여 대조군(對照群)(12%-fat 이저(館低)), 저지방식이군(低脂肪食餌群)(3%-fat 식이(食餌)), 식물성고지방식이군(植物性高脂肪食餌群)(45%-corn oil식이(食領)) 및 동물성고지방식이군(動物性高脂肪食餌群(45%-butter fat 식이(食餌))를 각각 12주간(週間) 사육(飼育)하면서 4, 8 및 12주(週)에 쥐를 희생하여 혈청(血淸)중의 총(總) cholesterol, TG, 인지질(燐指質) 및 지단백분획(脂蛋白分劃)의 함대비(含臺比)를 측정(測定)하였다. 혈청(血淸) 총(總) cholesterol 함양(含量)은 45%-butter fat식이군(食餌群) 이 전실험(全實驗)기간 동안 대조군(對照群)보다 증가된 치(値)를 보였으며 45%-corn oil 식이군(食餌群)은 8주 및 12주에 증가되었다. 또 45%-butter fat 식이군(食餌群)과 비교했을 때 45%-corn oil 식이군(食餌群)이 4.8주에는 유의적(有意的)으로 낮았고 12주에는 다소 낮았다. 또한 저지방식이군(低脂肪食餌群)은 대조군과 전실험(全實驗) 기간 동안 차이가 없었다. 혈청(血淸) TG 함양(含量)도 45%-butter fat 식이군(食餌群)이 실험전(全( 기간 동안 대조군(對照群)보다 증가된 치(値)를 나타내었으며, 45 %-corn oil식이군(食餌群)과 저지방식이군(低脂肪食餌群)은 12주(週)째에만 증가된 치(値)를 나타내었다. 혈청(血淸) 인지질(燐脂質)의 함양(含量)은 저지방식이군(低脂肪食餌群)에서만 식이투여(食餌投與) 12주(週)에 대조군(對照群)에 비해 낮은 치(値)를 보였다. 혈청(血淸) 지단백분획(脂蛋白分劃)의 함양비(含量比)는45%-butter fat 식이군(食餌群)이 4, 8 및 12주에, 45%-corn oil 식이군(食餌群)은 8, 12주(週)에, 저지방식이군(低脂肪食餌群)은 12주에 대조군(對照群)에 비(比)해 ${\alpha}$-lipoprotein의 함양비(含量比)는 감소(減少)되고 ${\beta}$-lipoprotein의 함양비(含量比)는 증가되었다. 그 중에서도 특히 저지방식이군(低脂肪食餌群)이 가장 헌저한 변동을 보였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 1984

This study was performed to investigate the effects of different levels of Cu(0,6,60 ppm ) and kinds of lipid(corn oil, sesame oil or butter) in the diet upon lipids metabolism and Cu & Fe contents in weanling rats. The results obtained were summarized as following : 1) Food consumptions, total body weight gains and F.E.R.s showed no significant differences among groups with different dietary Cu levels and the kinds of lipid. 2) Weights of liver, hind limb muscle, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat pad showed no significant differences among groups. 3) The contents of total lipids and total cholesterols in serum, hind limb muscle were significantly higher in low Cu groups than in control and high Cu groups. But the contents of total lipid in liver were significantly lower in low Cu groups than in other groups. 4) The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol in serum, liver and total lipid in muscle were significantly higher in butter groups, but the contents of total cholesterol in muscle were significantly lower in butter groups. 5) The Cu concentrations in serum, liver, muscle and feces were significantly higher in high Cu groups than in control and low Cu groups. The Fe concentrations in serum tended to be lower and those in muscle were significantly higher in low Cu groups.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.987-1001
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• 2021

One of the most critical issues in the dairy industry, alongside the low birth rate and the aging population, is the decrease in demand for milk. In this study, the consumption trends of 12 major dairy products distributed in Korea were predicted using a logistic model, the Gompertz model, and the Bass diffusion model, which are representative S-shaped growth models. The 12 dairy products are fermented milk (liquid type, cream type), butter, milk powder (modified, whole, skim), liquid milk (market, flavored), condensed milk, cheese (natural, processed), and cream. As a result of the analysis, the growth potential of butter, condensed milk, natural cheese, processed cheese, and cream consumption among the 12 dairy products is relatively high, whereas the growth of the remaining dairy product consumption is expected to stagnate or decrease. However, butter and cream are by-products of the skim milk powder manufacturing process. Therefore, even if the consumption of butter and cream grows, it is difficult to increase the demand of domestic milk unless the production of skim milk powder produced from domestic milk is also increased. Therefore, in order to support the domestic dairy industry, policy support should be focused on increasing domestic milk usage for the production of condensed milk, natural cheese, and processed cheese.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.145-153
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• 1984

This study was performed to investigate the effect of various levels of Zn(0, 30, 3000 ppms) and different kinds of lipid(corn oil, sesame oil or butter.) in the diet upon lipid metabolism and Zn & Cu concentration in various organs and tissues in weanling rats. The results obtained were summarized as following : 1) Food consumptions, body weight gains and F.E.R.s showed no significant differences among groups. 2) The contents of total lipids and total cholesterols in serum tended to increase with increase in lipid saturation and Zn levels. Those in per g liver were higher in butter groups and tended to be higher in low Zn groups. Total lipids contents in per g muscle tended to be higher in butter and high Zn groups, but total cholesterols contents in per g muscle tended to be higher in corn oil and low Zn groups. 3) Liver, serum and fecal Zn concentrations tended to be higher in high Zn groups than other Zn groups. The Cu concentrations in liver and serum tended to be lower in high Zn groups. On the contrary, the Cu concentrations in urine tended to be higher in high Zn groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1979

The present study was undertaken to determine the metabolic effect of various levels and kinds of fat in the diet. Body lipid metabolism at different period of rat's life was also studied by sacrificing rats and collecting samples initially, at second and fourth week of experimental period. Body weight, FER, PER were low in the group fed 30% fat diet. The weight of internal organ and epididymal fat pad was low in high fat diet group. The level of total serum cholesterol of rats in butter group showed higher than that of soybean oil group when the level of dietary fat content was same. The ratio of total cholesterol and total lipid in serum of rats in butter group appear to be higher than that of soybean oil group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.255-265
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• 1986

This study was designed to investigate the effect of age on the lipid metabolism in the rats fed different diets. In experiment A male Wistar rats of 5 weeks of age and of 32 weeks of age were divided into low fat diet groups and high fat-cholesterol groups. The rats were sacrificed 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after experiment begins. Also after 4 weeks. the rats in low and high fat diet groups were tube-fed 500mg of choelsterol and were sacrified 3 days later. In experiment b, male Wistar rats of 4 weeks of age and of 6 months of age were divided into 2 groups of butter and cron oil groups. And then eachgroup were divided into 2 subgroups ; meal feeding and nibbling groups . Each diet was fed for 4 weeks. In experiment A, age of the rats and experimental diets did not affect the serum cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were higher in rats fed high fat cholesterol diet than in those fed low-fat or high -fat diets, but age of the animals had no effect on liver lipid content. The weight and cholesterol content of epidymal fat pad, however were higher in adult rats than in young ones regardless of the diets fed. When the rats were challenged with 500mg cholesterol, the rates of increase in serum and hepatic cholesterol level were higher in adult rats compared to young rats regardless of the diets . On the other hand, the rate of increase of small intestinal cholesterol content was lower in adult rats than in young rats. In experiment B, serum cholesterol and triglyceride content were relatively higher in young rats than adult ones. Stored body lipid was higher in adult rats, as judged by epididymal fat pad weight and total carcass lipid. Meal frequency and the kinds of fat in the diet did not affect the serum choelstero concentration . The serum triglyceride levels. however, was higher in butter fed rats thancron oil fed ones. The cholesterol content of live rand epididymal fat pad was lower in butter fed groups than corn oil groups for both young and adult rats, but there was no difference in liver triglycerides livel.