• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.560-567
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• 1996

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of indigestible dextrin on bowel function and serum lipid. Recently developed indigestible dextrin is water soluble dietary fiber obtained by heating and enzyme-treatment of potato starch with low viscosity. SD male rats weighing 80~85g were divided into three groups; control diet(IC), control +5% pectin(IP), control +5% indigestible dextin(ID). Experimental rats were fed one of the experimental diets ad libitum for six weeks. Weight gain, food intake, and food efficiency ratio were not significantly different among other groups. Those of ID tended to be higher than in IP and IC. Weights of liver, spleen and kidney were not significantly different among groups. Epididymal fat pads weight in W and ID tended to be lower than in IC. The weight of cecum was sinificantly higher in m than in other groups(p<0.05). The weight and length of large intestine tended to be higher in IP and ID than in IC. Total feces excretion of ID and If tended to be more than that of IC. Transit time was shorter in IP than in other groups. Serum total lipid, total cholesterol and TG levels were higher in IC group than other groups. The fecal excretion of lipid was significantly higher in IP than in other groups(p<0.05). That of ID tended to be more than that of IC, so fat apparent absorption of ID was lower than that of IC. Ca absorption were decreased more in IP than in other groups(p<0.05).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1325-1341
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• 1998

A conventional CBR channel is now capable of delivering several digitally compressed video programs due to recent advances in video compression, such as MPEG-2, and digital transmission technology. This paper presents a joint video coding scheme that is to maintain a constant sum of bit rates for all the programs but to allow the variable bit rate for individual program in the transimission environment mentioned above. Thus advantages of VBR video compression can be obtained. This paper contributes in two aspects. First, a rate-distortion estimation method for MPEG-2 video is proposed, which enavle us predict the amount of bits and the distortion generated from an encoded picture at a given quantization step size and vice versa. The most attractive features of the proposed rate-distortion estimation method are its accuracy and a computational complexity low enough to be applied to real-time video coding applications. Second, this paper presents an efficient and accurate joint rate control scheme using the rate-distortion estimation results and verifies its performance with experiments. The experimental results show that our coding scheme gives a significant gain even though a small number of video programs are coded jointly. For example, a stable picture quality is maintained among the video programs as well as within a program, and additional extra programs can be transmitted over the same channel bandwidth if the proposed joint video coding scheme is used.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.3626-3631
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• 2009

This study has provided some of the first experimental results of NMOSFET hot-carrier degradation for the analog circuit application. After hot-carrier stress under the whole range of gate voltage, the degradation of NMOSFET characteristics is measured in saturation region. In addition to interface states, the evidences of hole and electron traps are found near drain depending on the biased gate voltage, which is believed to the cause for the variation of the transconductance($g_m$) and the output conductance($g_{ds}$). And it is found that hole trap is a dominant mechanism of device degradation in a low-gate voltage saturation region, The parameter degradation is sensitive to the channel length of devices. As the channel length is shortened, the influence of hole trap on the channel conductance is increased. Because the magnitude of $g_m$ and $g_{ds}$ are increased or decreased depending on analog operation conditions and analog device structures, careful transistor design including the level of the biased gate voltage and the channel length is therefore required for optimal voltage gain ($A_V=g_m/g_{ds}$) in analog circuit.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.370-374
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Gastrodiae rhizoma fractions on serum lipid profiles and atherogenic index (AI) in male S.D. rats fed a high fat diet supplemented with 10 : 2 : 1% (w/w) of lard, corn oil, and cholesterol during the entire 12-week experimental period. Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into four groups; A (low molecule), B (polysaccharide), C (protein) fractions of Gastrodiae rhizoma, respectively, and D (high fat diet as control). Body weight gain, diet intake and feed efficiency ratio did not differ significantly among the groups during the experimental period, but final body weight was on the average 44 g higher in control compared with the three groups of Gastrodiae rhizoma $(A{\sim}C)$. TC and TG levels of group B when compared with control were each decreased by an average of 21.5% and 39.6%, respectively. HDL-cholesterol level was markedly higher in group C than group A and B of Gastrodiae rhizoma. LDL-cholesterol levels of Gastrodiae rhizoma groups $(A{\sim}C)$ were significantly lower than control. AI was significantly lower in group C at 1.45 than the other two Gastrodiae rhizoma at $1.94{\sim}2.05$ and control of 2.12. From the findings, it is feasible for water soluble and high molecular weight components of Gastrodiae rhizoma like polysacchride and protein fractions to be considered as functional components for improving hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2007

Sixty-seven Hanwoo calves were allocated into two groups, 27 spring calves (SC) and 40 fall calves (FC) to investigate the effects of calving season on water and nutrient intakes, growth performance and disease occurrence for the nursing and the post-weaning period. Mean DMI of 3 to 4 mo old FC was lower than that of SC due to low temperature in winter for FC. Water intake was higher for FC (birth to 1 mo old) but lower for SC (2 to 4 mo old) than the others. Mean BW did not differ between SC and FC, but average daily gain for over 2 mo old SC were significantly higher than FC. Diarrhea was mainly observed when the calves were before 60 d old; in particular, it occurred more frequently for less than 30 d old FC compared with SC. The present results indicate that calving season may affect water intake, feed intake and growth performance of Hanwoo calves.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.46-55
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• 2009

This research analyzes effects on women students' psychological characteristics participating in WIE Program (WIE, Women into Engineering) which develops and manages with gender perspective to inspire needed qualities for them to have a career in the field of engineering and improve the use of women resources. We surveyed 207 women students in WIE Program about psychological characteristics of finding ways in one's major field and recognition of developing one's ability through the program. The results show that women students have strong desire to have a carrier in the field of engineering, but seem to have low self-efficacy about it. Each characteristics are different from students to students due to their backgrounds. Next, each psychological characteristics have meaningful differences between groups that are taking WIE Program and groups that are not, and also between groups that have a lot of experiences and groups that have not. Last, women students think that they will be able to gain positiveness, self-efficacy, challenging mind by participating in WIE Program.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.465-473
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• 2018

The application of singular value decomposition (SVD) filtering is examined for attenuation of the ground-roll in land seismic data. Prior to the SVD computation to seek singular values containing the highly correlatable reflection energy, processing steps such as automatic gain control, elevation and refraction statics, NMO correction, and residual statics are performed to enhance the horizontal correlationships and continuities of reflections. Optimal parameters of SVD filtering are effectively chosen with diagnostic display of inverse NMO (INMO) corrected CSP (common shot point) gather. On the field data with dispersion of ground-roll overwhelmed, continuities of reflection events are much improved by SVD filtering than f-k filtering by eliminating the ground-roll with preserving the low-frequency reflections. This is well explained in the average amplitude spectra of the f-k and SVD filtered data. The reflectors including horizontal layer of the reservoir are much clearer on the stack section, with laminated events by SVD filtering and subsequent processing steps of spiking deconvolution and time-variant spectral whitening.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2018

The main objective of this experiment was to investigate effects of two different feeding systems on body weight, milk yield, milk composition, and mineral and fatty acids content of Holstein dairy cows' milk. Sixteen of 25 months-old Holstein dairy cows were assigned to two groups (n=8) to study effects of the feeding system for 150 days. Two feeding systems were compared for five months; Group 1 was housed indoors and mainly fed a concentrate diet, Group 2 was maintained outdoors for five-seven hours/day on various kinds grass in a pasture. The experiment was conducted June-October 2017. Results revealed the indoor-fed cows had higher body weight, that was significant compared with the outdoor-based feeding system of Holstein dairy cows (p<0.05). Indoor-raised milking cows had higher milk yield (32.45 kg) as compared with pasture-raised milk yield (26.44 kg). Cows fed indoors significantly increased milk yield, total protein content, lactose, citric acid level, and lowered level of total solid and free fatty acids relative to the pasture-fed milking cows (p>0.05). There were higher levels of mineral content and fatty acid content in the milk of indoor-fed dairy cows than the pasture-raised dairy cows (p>0.05). Our study results demonstrated the potential benefits of the indoor feeding system for increased body weight, milk yield, mineral and fatty acids content summer through autumn when low pasture growth rates and quality may otherwise limit production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1296-1302
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• 2015

This study was conducted to examine the effects of supplementing brown seaweed by-products (BSB) in the diet of ruminants on ruminal fermentation characteristics, growth performance, endocrine response, and milk production in Holstein cows. In Experiment 1, the effects of different levels (0%, 2%, and 4% of basal diet as Control, 2% BSB, 4% BSB, respectively) of BSB were evaluated at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h in vitro batch culture rumen fermentation. The pH tended to be higher for the higher level of BSB supplementation, with the pH at 12 h being significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the control. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen was lower at 3, 9, 12, and 24 h incubation (p<0.05) compared with the control, and tended to be low at other incubation times. Volatile fatty acid concentration appeared to be minimally changed while lower values were observed with 4% BSB treatment at 24 h (p<0.05). In Experiment 2, effects of levels (0%, 2%, and 4%) of BSB on growth performance, endocrine responses and milk production were studied with Holstein dairy cows during transition. Dry matter intake, daily gain and feed efficiency were not affected by BSB supplementation. The concentration of plasma estrogen for the control, 2% BSB and 4% BSB after three months of pregnancy were 55.7, 94.1, and 72.3 pg/mL, respectively (p = 0.08). Although the differences of progesterone levels between BSB treatments and the control were minimal, the concentration in 4% BSB treatment increased to 157.7% compared with the initial level of the study. Triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were also higher after both three months and eight months of pregnancy than the initial level at the beginning of the study. In addition, BSB treatments during one month after delivery did not affect daily milk yield and composition. In conclusion, the present results indicate that supplementation of BSB did not compromise ruminal fermentation, and animal performance at lower levels and hence may have potential to be used as a safe feed ingredient in dairy cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1140-1149
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• 2015

This research aimed to define the energy requirement of Dorper and Hu Hybrid $F_1$ ewes 20 to 50 kg of body weight, furthermore to study energy requirement changes with age and evaluate the effect of age on energy requirement parameters. In comparative slaughter trial, thirty animals were divided into three dry matter intake treatments (ad libitum, n = 18; low restricted, n = 6; high restricted, n = 6), and were all slaughtered as baseline, intermediate, and final slaughter groups, to calculate body chemical components and energy retained. In digestibility trial, twelve ewes were housed in individual metabolic cages and randomly assigned to three feeding treatments in accordance with the design of a comparative slaughter trial, to evaluate dietary energetic values at different feed intake levels. The combined data indicated that, with increasing age, the net energy requirement for maintenance ($NE_m$) decreased from $260.62{\pm}13.21$ to $250.61{\pm}11.79kJ/kg^{0.75}$ of shrunk body weight (SBW)/d, and metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance (MEm) decreased from $401.99{\pm}20.31$ to $371.23{\pm}17.47kJ/kg^{0.75}$ of SBW/d. Partial efficiency of ME utilization for maintenance ($k_m$, 0.65 vs 0.68) and growth ($k_g$, 0.42 vs 0.41) did not differ (p>0.05) due to age; At the similar condition of average daily gain, net energy requirements for growth ($NE_g$) and metabolizable energy requirements for growth ($ME_g$) for ewes during late fattening period were 23% and 25% greater than corresponding values of ewes during early fattening period. In conclusion, the effect of age upon energy requirement parameters in the present study were similar in tendency with previous recommendations, values of energy requirement for growth ($NE_g$ and $ME_g$) for Dorper and Hu crossbred female lambs ranged between the NRC (2007) recommendation for early and later maturating growing sheep.