• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.198-205
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• 2022

Along with a variety of coding education, physical computing education for controlling various sensors is being actively conducted for elementary, middle, and high school students in line with the era of the fourth industrial revolution. A problem with physical computing education using Arduino is pin connection errors between Arduino and various sensors. Most of the students who come into contact with the Arduino for the first time often do not know the purpose of the Arduino pin and the connection position of the pin. Also, hardware built with incorrect pin connections to the Arduino board often does not work properly. If this case continues, students will lose interest in coding education. Therefore, in this paper, we implemented an augmented reality application that informs the connection process of the Arduino board and the sensor during physical computing coding education using Arduino, and designed and implemented educational content for the Arduino pin position and connection process. First, we explain the role of the Arduino board and the sensor and the location of the pins. After that, the students run the educational augmented reality educational content using their smartphones and check the correct pin connection process between the Arduino and the sensor. In the physical computing education, augmented reality content is used to increase the understanding and immersion of the class. It is expected that the educational effect will also increase by inducing fun and interest in physical computing coding education.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.430-435
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• 2022

The infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious and acute poultry disease caused by Birnavirus. However, the vaccination is the only disease prevention, but several factors impeded vaccine development. Thus, a need for time to develop a novel technique for managing and treating respiratory diseases in poultry birds. Passive immunization is a hope and a possible alternative used in birds to meet this need. The current research attempted to produce egg yolk-based polyclonal antibodies against the IBD virus. The benefits of IgY include ease of extraction, lack of reaction with mammalian Fc receptors, and low production cost. Commercial layers were immunized with inactivated IBD virus subcutaneously according to the treatment regimen. The eggs were gathered daily, and yolk antibodies were extracted with the ammonium sulfate precipitation technique. The use of an indirect hemagglutination test demonstrated that IgY was IBD-specific. Until the end of the experiment, the specific IgY immunoglobulins did not lose activity when stored at 4℃. The specific immunoglobulin (IgY) treated challenged birds were demonstrated 92% recovery in comparison to the control group. The study implies that the IBDV specific IgY is an easily prepared and rich source of antibodies and offers an alternative therapeutic agent to cure IBD-infected birds.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.39.1-39.1
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• 2019

We trace the cosmological origin of satellites around isolated dwarf galaxies using a very high resolution (12 pc/h) cosmological hydrodynamic zoom simulation. To realistically describe the formation and evolution of small-mass stellar satellites, our model includes a full baryonic physics treatment. We find that the mini-halos form objects resembling dwarf galaxies. The majority of their star forming gas is accreted after reionization, thus the survival of a mini-halo's gas to reionization is not an important factor. Instead, the key factor seems to be the ability for a mini-halo to cool its recently accreted gas, which is more efficient in more massive halos. Although the host galaxy is only a dwarf galaxy itself, we find that ram pressure is an efficient means by which accreted mini-halos lose their gas content, both by interacting with hot halo gas but also in direct collisions with the gas disk of the host. The satellites are also disrupted by the tidal forces near the center of the host galaxy. Compared to the disrupted satellites, surviving satellites are relatively more massive, but tend to infall later into the host galaxy, thus reducing the time they are subjected to destructive environmental mechanisms and dynamical friction.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.56.3-57
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• 2021

We use N-body/hydrodynamic simulations to study the evolution of the spin of a Milky Way-like galaxy through interactions. We perform a controlled experiment of co-planner galaxy-galaxy encounters and study the evolution of disk spins of interacting galaxies. Specifically, we consider the cases where the late-type target galaxy encounters an equally massive companion galaxy, which has either a late or an early-type morphology, with the closest approach distance of about 50 kpc, in prograde or retrograde sense. By examining the time change of the circular velocity of the disk material of the target galaxy from each case, we find that the target galaxy tends to lose the spin through prograde collisions but hardly through retrograde collisions, regardless of the companion galaxy type. The decrease of the spin results mainly from the deflection of the orbit of the disk material by tidal disruption. It is found that the spin angular momentum of the disk of the target galaxy decreases by 15 - 20% after a prograde collision. We conclude that the accumulated effects of galaxy-galaxy interactions will play an important role in determining the angular momentum of late-type galaxies at current stage.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1235-1238
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• 2004

Thresholding has been used to reduce the number of gray values in images. Typically, a single threshold value has been used, resulting in two gray level images. Image reduction of one single threshold value, however, may lose too much of the high-frequency edge information. Thus, dynamic thresholding that uses a different threshold for each pixel is preferred instead of using a single threshold value. Dynamic thresholding can preserve high frequency details as well as reduce the size of images. Since it takes long time to perform existing software dynamic thresholding in an embedded system, this paper proposes and implements a circuit by using a FPGA in order to perform a real-time dynamic thresholding,. The proposed circuit consists of two counters, and threshold look-up table, and control unit. The values of two counters determine each pixel position, the threshold look-up table converts each pixel value into other value, and the control unit generates necessary control signals. On arriving from a camera to the proposed circuit, each pixel is compared with its threshold value and is converted into other gray value. An image processing system by using the proposed circuit will be implemented and some experiments will be performed.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.161-170
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• 2006

In this study, I would like to suggest an idal model of web navigation design which can enhance users' web usability. I would like to prove that when users enjoy web navigation design, they access information much more effectively. Using a survey, I suggest some types of web navigation design for users. After that, I conducted an experiment with 4 types of web navigation designs, which have been developed to reflect varying stages of comprehensibility. My survey focused on three points. First I measured the time they spent to search for information. Secondly, I tested whether they lost their way while searching for information and if they did lose their way, I checked whether they could recover from their errors and find their way back. Thirdly, I investigated whether layout, location and size of the web navigation design factors affected usability. The results of my survey indicated that users spend the shortest time, have the easiest interface, and have least error incidence under the web navigation design to enhance old-aged users' web usability. Thus, developing a universal web navigation design can encourage people to be more involved with the internet.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2007

In hydrothermal reaction tests, smectite-to-illite conversion was identified using a domestic bentonite which is favorably considered as a buffer material, and its dependency on various hydrothermal conditions was investigated. The analysis results of the XRD and Si concentration indicated that the smectite-to-illite conversion was a major process of bentonite alteration under the hydrothermal conditions. The temperature, potassium concentration in solution, and pH were observed to significantly affect the smectite-to illite conversion. A model of conversion reaction rate was suggested to evaluate the long-term stability of smectite composing a major constituent of bentonitic buffer. It was expected from the evaluation results that the smectite would keep its integrity for very long disposal time under a normal condition, whitens it might be converted to illite by 50 percent after over $5{\times}10^4$ year of disposal time under a conservative condition and consequently lose its swelling capacity as a buffer material of a repository.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2002

MP3 audio format has good quality and high compression rate ; therefore, the use of MP3 format increases. The requirement of keeping the extra information such as author and lyrics in MP3 files increases. And the tagging systems designed to meet this requirement are suggested. ID3 vl tag and Lyrics3 v2 tag are two most widely used tagging systems. But ID3 vl tag and Lyrics3 v2 tag are the last things to arrive when the file is being streamed. Therefore, users cannot get the tag information until the entire audio file is downloaded. Moreover information synchronized with audio stream may lose its feature. In this paper, a system searching and playing audio files based on tag information in MP3 files is implemented. This system solves the problem that the tag information is ignored when an MP3 files is played on internet. An audio object is described in an XML document, and timing and synchronization between elements in that In document is provided in HTML+TIME style using XSL.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.22
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• pp.205-244
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• 1995

Originally the concept of the traditional resource sharing has been discussed in the context of bibliographic materials, and has been labor-intensive and high-cost activities. The technology has had a great impact on such pattern of the resource sharing, and has expanded the limited scope of the traditional concept into the sharing of library information in the levels of local, regional and national systems, and expertise, materials, facilities, equipments and personnels of the library system. While the traditional circulation service as a basic method to share library materials by users can provide the resource to a single person at a time, the electronic resource can be shared, by multi-users at a time anytime anywhere. The maximization of the electronic resource sharing requires that publishing process should be fundamentally changed and articles, books, chapters, speech manuscripts, music scores, maps, sound, and other formats of materials should be prepared in machine readable format. This study examined the positive effects of the technology on the resource sharing, but not investigate the concrete and complex problems as to the cost, guidelines, detailed procedures, design details, and intellectual properties and protection involved in the resource sharing. Some findings extracted from the study can be summarized as follows; (1) ILL will lose its meaning as a method to share the materials if they are all in the electronic format and the phrase 'networked information resource' becomes omnipresent. (2) The technology keeps on changing the concept of resource sharing. Today, the scope of resource sharing not only encompasses the sharing of the primary and secondary materials but also the sharing of the processings(eg. cataloging), expertise, user education, special facilities, and the integrated automated library systems. (3) The sharing of the networked resource will be a method to provide better services for library users in the low cost. (4) The a n.0, pplication of the technology to the resource sharing should be focus on the method which allows an end-users to do the direct access to the needed materials, and to be delivered the primary document as soon as possible.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.715-724
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• 2003

It is true that SOC facilities, such as dams, need long life cycles since more time has to be invested for the phases of planning, examination, feasibility study, design, contract, construction, and maintenance. This longer life cycle is easily exposed to the risk. And thus, brings additional cost by the delayed project, convenient loss according to the additional run of use, and benefit lose of not to using the facilities. So, the purpose of this study is to try to find a solution to reduce these time consuming problems which could diminish the whole national competition. Hence, this study is to show efficient, systematical project performance and network model by using reciprocal analyses between the construction period and cost based on economical analysis of each phase of life cycles. In addition, on the basis of these outputs, the Fast Track Method is suggested as an alternative solution as a new Approach in Life Cycle's Analysis.