• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2004

Purpose : In an attempt to analyse gender-egalitarianism related to the general characteristics, sexual consciousness and behavior in middle school students, this study was carried out. This study will provide data that can be used to develop sexuality education programs on the basis of gender-egalitarianism. Method : The subjects were 141 students (70 boys and 71 girls) in 4 classes that were randomly selected from among 8 classes of first graders in a coeducational middle school, in Seoul. For the evaluation of gender-egalitarianism, a Gender Egalitarianism Scale modified by the researcher was used. Results : Major findings were as follows: 1. Gender-egalitarianism was significantly higher in girls compared with boys. All of the boys and girls, had high gender-egalitarianism in the aspect of woman's ability in groups without sexual discrimination, but low gender-egalitarianism in woman's sexual conversation and style of dress. 2. Gender-egalitarianism in boys who had experienced intersexual physical contact, categorized as holding hands, embracing, kissing, and petting, was significantly higher when compared with inexperienced boys. 3. Gender-egalitarianism significantly increased as the father's education level increased as well as the father's open-mindedness. Factors influencing gender-egalitarianism was social acceptance, the mass media, the attitudes of the school teachers, and the attitudes of older and younger student in school. Conclusions : Based on these results, boys' gender-egalitarianism was lower than that of girls. Systematic education on gender-egalitarianism, combined with sexuality education, is necessary for middle school students, especially boys. In the long term, social acceptable the, mass media, school and home life should be changed for the achievement of the equality of the sexes.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.743-750
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• 2005

교량 교면에 적용되는 실리카퓸을 혼합한 고성능 콘크리트는 경제성이 향상된 교면 포장 방법이다. 실리카퓸 콘크리트는 기존의 LMC와 비교하여 경제성 향상으로 미국, 유럽, 캐나다 지역에서 비교적 짧은 기간에 널리 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실리카퓸을 혼합한 고성능 콘크리트의 교면 포장에 대한 적용성을 알아보기 위하여 실내 실험을 실시하였다. 실내 실험은 물리, 역학적 및 내구성능을 평가하였는데 실험 결과 실리카퓸을 혼합한 고성능 콘크리트는 우수한 성능을 발휘하였다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.181-207
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• 2017

이 연구는 소셜 네트워크 서비스를 대상으로 확장된 기술수용모델을 적용하여 도서관 홍보수단으로서 소셜 네트워크 서비스 가치와 효과성을 실제적으로 확인하였다. 도서관이 도서관 이용자들을 소셜 네트워크 서비스로 유인할 경우에 그 이용자는 도서관의 충성된 고객으로 장기적인 지지를 보이고 있음을 증명하였다. 연구방법으로는 15개의 가설을 설정하고 157명의 유효 응답자의 설문으로 가설을 검증하였다. 검증 결과, 15개의 가설 가운데 3개가 기각되었고 13개의 가설이 채택되었다. 이 가운데 지각된 유용성은 도서관 이용만족도와 도서관 지속이용의도에 가장 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인하였고, 시스템 품질을 비롯하여 정보 품질, 신뢰성, 상호작용성, 주관적 규범 순으로 소셜 네트워크 서비스의 홍보적 가치와 요인을 발견하였다. 즉 이용자는 원하는 정보를 소셜 네트워크 서비스를 통해 발견하였으며 이러한 특성이 이용자 만족에도 영향을 주고, 궁극적으로 도서관 지속이용의도에 긍정적 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2017

Purpose: To analyze the utilization and fractionation of extreme hypofractionation via stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in the treatment of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Data was analyzed on men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer between 2004-2012 and treated with definitive-intent radiation therapy, as captured in the National Cancer Database. This database is a hospital-based registry that collects an estimated 70% of all diagnosed malignancies in the United States. Results: There were 299,186 patients identified, of which 4,962 (1.7%) were identified as receiving SBRT as primary treatment. Of those men, 2,082 had low risk disease (42.0%), 2,201 had intermediate risk disease (44.4%), and 679 had high risk disease (13.7%). The relative utilization of SBRT increased from 0.1% in 2004 to 4.0% in 2012. Initially SBRT was more commonly used in academic programs, though as time progressed there was a shift to favor an increased absolute number of men treated in the community setting. Delivery of five separate treatments was the most commonly utilized fractionation pattern, with 4,635 patients (91.3%) receiving this number of treatments. The most common dosing pattern was $725cGy{\times}5fractions$ (49.6%) followed by $700cGy{\times}5fractions$ (21.3%). Conclusions: Extreme hypofractionation via SBRT is slowly increasing acceptance. Currently $700-725cGy{\times}5fractions$ appears to be the most commonly employed scheme. As further long-term data regarding the safety and efficacy emerges, the relative utilization of this modality is expected to continue to increase.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2014

최근 한국의 대규모 IT 서비스 프로젝트의 수익률은 저하되고 있는 것으로 파악된다. IT 서비스 프로젝트의 수익률을 저하시키는 가장 큰 이유는 프로젝트와 관련된 여러 위험 요인들이 프로젝트의 일정 지연 및 비용 초과를 초래한 것으로 파악 된다. 이러한 일정 지연 및 비용 초과 현상을 방지하기 위해서는 프로젝트의 위험 요인들을 계약 체결 전에 식별하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 왜냐하면 발주사와 개발사간 계약 조건 협상 시 식별된 위험 요인들을 제거할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 IT 서비스 프로젝트의 특성으로 인해 프로젝트 수행 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 계약 위험 요인들을 사전에 파악하고 평가할 수 있는 체크리스트를 제시하고, 이를 실제 금융 산업의 IT 서비스 프로젝트에 적용하여 그 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 적용 사례를 분석한 결과 IT 서비스 프로젝트의 위험 요인들을 식별하고 제거하는데 본 연구에서 제시된 체크리스트가 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.267-291
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• 2010

최근 동결기술이 발달하면서 다양한 목적에 따라 초기 발생단계, 특히 수정 전후의 난자나 수정란의 생명을 연장하는 것이 가능해졌다. 이러한 난자나 수정란의 보존기술은 인간의 수정능력을 배가시키거나 임신조절에서 응용되고 있으며, 동물에서는 우수한 유전자원의 보존과 운영, 저렴한 국제간 운송수단, 그리고 생식보조기술과 유전공학 등의 연구에 필요한 생식세포의 공급하는 데서도 중요하게 활용되고 있다. 최근 개발된 완만동결과 유리화 동결방법은 난자와 수정란을 장기간 동결하여 보존하는데 활용하는 주요 기술이다. 이러한 방법들은 각각 장점과 단점을 가지고 있지만, 상당한 수준의 효율성이 입증되어 실용화되어 있는 실정이다. 무엇보다도 유리화 방법은 완만동결 방법보다 13년이나 늦게 개발되었으나 보다 우수한 기술로 인정을 받고 있다. 비록 유리화 동결은 아직 대한 상반된 의견과 오염문제가 있지만 인간과 동물의 생식보조기술로 활용되는 빈도가 점차 많아지고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 원고에서는 먼저 난자와 수정란의 동결보존에 대한 기초적인 기술에 대해서 고찰한 다음, 유리화 동결에 관 한 최근의 연구동향에 대해서 종합적으로 검토하고자 한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1992

주거지역에서 대기오염물 시료채취에 대한 장기간 연구를 수행하기 위해서 휘발성 유기 화합물 분석에 적합한 24시간동안의 종합적인 공기시료를 채취하기 위해 공기시료 채취기가 제작되었다. 이 시료 채취기는 시료채취시 요구되는 모든 특성을 포함할 뿐만 아니라, 일반가정에 근접해서 설치되어야하므로 심미적 특성도 포함한다. 이 공기시료 채취기는 흡착제(티넥스)로 채워진 5/8인치 외경의 스테인레스 스틸 트랩 네개를 수용할수 있고, 분당 5-50 밀리리터의 범위에서 네 종류의 공기유속을 이용할수 있게 고안 되었다. 금속필도(10마이크로미터)가 트랩 어댑터의 입구에 직접 부착되었다. 부가적인 특성은 다음과 같다. : 1) 유기물질에 불활성인 재료로 제작 되었고, 2) 날씨에 영향을 받지 않고, 3) 전지를 이용하고, 4) 사람의 호흡영역에서 공기 시료를 채취하고, 그리고 5) 방음제로 싸여진 작은 펌프를 이용하여 조용하게 작동된다. 펌프/전지 장치는 시료채취기의 본체로부터 분리 되었다. 이 장치로 부터 야기되는 소음수준은 주거지역의 허용기준치(뉴저지주 환경보호국 기준)보다 낮았다. 이 공기시료 채취기는 일상 주거지역과 단층의 한 국민학교 옥상에서 성공적으로 작동되었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to estimate the rate of credit card payment for private education. The results of study can be used to improve credit card handling problems of private educational institutes, leading toward improvements in income transparency, increase in tax burden equity and long-term economic welfare improvement for individual households. 424 households out of 586 household that were surveyed in September of 2002 had 1,700 cases private extracurricular education. 67 of the 1,700 cases that did not have expenditure records were removed from the analysis. Only 3.67％ out of 1,633 cases were paid by a credit cards and the amount of credit card payment were only 5.65％ of the total amount spent for private education. The average fee of private educational institutes that allow credit card payment was higher than the fees of private institutes which don't allow a credit card payment or those of private institutes where consumers don't know whether a credit card payment was allowed. The average fee of private education paid by credit cards was 34,465.46 won higher than that paid by cash. Credit card payments to private educational institutions is an important social issue with respect to fair tax collection and tax burden equity since most private educational services operate in fairly small sizes and are offered by the self-employed, and the expense of private education is a fairly large proportion of the household income. It is also important for consumers if credit card acceptance expands alternatives that consumers can choose in private education. Therefore, credit card payment should be encouraged in private extracurricular education. To do this, private education providers should be forced to join a credit card payment service by the National Tax Service. A regulation that prohibits the refusal of credit card payments should be required, and credit card service charges of private education providers should be incrementally decreased. Also, consumer education and public promotions for credit card use instead of cash in paying for private education fees are recommended.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1845-1865
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• 2019

Current Internet is designed by lots of service providers with different objects and policies which make the direct deployment of radically new architecture and protocols on Internet nearly impossible without reaching a consensus among almost all of them. Network virtualization is proposed to fend off this ossification of Internet architecture and add diversity to the future Internet. As an important part of network virtualization, virtual network embedding (VNE) problem has received more and more attention. In order to solve the problems of large embedding cost, low acceptance ratio (AR) and environmental adaptability in VNE algorithms, cognitive method is introduced to improve the adaptability to the changing environment and a cognitive virtual network embedding algorithm based on weighted relative entropy (WRE-CVNE) is proposed in this paper. At first, the weighted relative entropy (WRE) method is proposed to select the suitable substrate nodes and paths in VNE. In WRE method, the ranking indicators and their weighting coefficients are selected to calculate the node importance and path importance. It is the basic of the WRE-CVNE. In virtual node embedding stage, the WRE method and breadth first search (BFS) algorithm are both used, and the node proximity is introduced into substrate node ranking to achieve the joint topology awareness. Finally, in virtual link embedding stage, the CPU resource balance degree, bandwidth resource balance degree and path hop counts are taken into account. The path importance is calculated based on the WRE method and the suitable substrate path is selected to reduce the resource fragmentation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve AR and the long-term average revenue to cost ratio (LTAR/CR) by adjusting the weighting coefficients in VNE stage according to the network environment. We also analyze the impact of weighting coefficient on the performance of the WRE-CVNE. In addition, the adaptability of the WRE-CVNE is researched in three different scenarios and the effectiveness and efficiency of the WRE-CVNE are demonstrated.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2019

Purpose: Despite an increased acceptance of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) in early gastric cancer (EGC), there is insufficient evidence for its oncological safety in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). This is a prospective phase II clinical trial to evaluate the feasibility of LG with D2 lymph node dissection (LND) in AGC. Materials and Methods: The primary endpoint was set as 3-year disease-free survival (DFS). The eligibility criteria were as follows: 20-80 years of age, cT2N0-cT4aN3, American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 or less, and no other malignancy. Patients were enrolled in this single-arm study between November 2008 and May 2012. Exclusion criteria included cT4b or M1, or having final pathologic results as EGC. All patients underwent D2 lymphadenectomy. Three-year DFS rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: A total of 157 patients were enrolled. The overall local complication rate was 10.2%. Conversion to open surgery occurred in 11 patients (7.0%). The mean follow-up period was $55.0{\pm}20.4months$ (1-81 months). The cumulative 3-year DFS rates were 76.3% for all stages, and 100%, 89.3%, 100%, 88.0%, 71.4%, and 35.3% for stage IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC, respectively. Recurrence was observed in 37 patients (23.6%), including hematogenous (n=6), peritoneal (n=13), locoregional (n=1), distant node (n=8), and mixed recurrence (n=9). Conclusions: In addition to being technically feasible for treatment of AGC in terms of morbidity, LG with D2 LND for locally advanced gastric cancer showed acceptable 3-year DFS outcomes.