• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한안전경영과학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.305-319
• /
• 2002

International capital movement has made progress at global liberalization of finance and foreign exchange, international monetary norm changing into floating exchange rate system, easiness of collection of information and trade at improvement of information communication technology from early of 1970's. Results of empirical test for relation between foreign exchange rate or various determination factors of foreign exchange rate and interest rate are followed by next sentences. First, according to relation between foreign exchange rate and interest rate, correlation for each of variables after OECD entrance is increased. But, long-term ＆short-term interest rate is affected by Hanbo ＆ Kia's bankruptcy, continuous large scale coporates bankruptcy and crisis of foreign exchange. Therefore, financial instability is occured. If portfolio investment fund has been inflow as it is mollified by continuous shortage of foreign exchange and fall of country's credit rating, it is expected to have positive effect for long-term & short-term interest rate from appreciation of won against dollar. Second, results from relation between determination factor of foreign exchange rate and interest rate are followed by next sentences. If surplus of current account and goods account is continued, yield of corporate bond is to be stable. But, margin of surplus is expected to diminish after second quarter 98, and difference between external and domestic interest (after adjusting foreign exchange rate) is to be diminished. And if net inflows of foreign investor's fund (stock and bond) is diminished, it is to have negative effect for yield of corporate bond. According to foreign investor's investment movement of previous years, hedge md were stayed at least during two years in Mexico. It means that sudden capital outflow is not to be happened at Korea. But if external factors from depreciation of yen and China's renminbi are instable, interest rate is expected to increase from capital's outflows. Third, if it is to decrease instability of foreign exchange rate from increase in surplus of future current account, credit rating's upwardness, stability of yen and renminbi, foreign exchange rate is expected to be stable. It is expected to have continuous stability from short-term interest rate to long-term interest rate in this empirical test.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.171-176
• /
• 2007

To give a guarantee a consistently high level of quality and reliability of Telematics traffic service, traffic flow forecasting is very important issue. In this paper, we proposed an adaptable integrated prediction model to predict the traffic flow in the future. Our model combines two methods, short-term prediction model and long-term prediction model with different combining coefficients to reflect current traffic condition. Short-term model uses the Kalman filtering technique to predict the future traffic conditions. And long-term model processes accumulated speed patterns which means the analysis results for all past speeds of each road by classifying the same day and the same time interval. Combining two models makes it possible to predict future traffic flow with higher accuracy over a longer time range. Many experiments showed our algorithm gives a better precise prediction than only an accumulated speed pattern that is used commonly. The result can be applied to the car navigation to support a dynamic shortest path. In addition, it can give users the travel information to avoid the traffic congestion areas.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 2004

In this review, we present the results of our ten years of study on beef cattle production as a means of preserving phytodiversity and landscape in the semi-natural grasslands of the Aso region of Japan. There are about 16,000 ha of semi-natural grasslands in the region. The grasslands are maintained for animal production through such activities as grazing, mowing, and controlled burning. The Shannon's diversity index values, as measured in the present study, were higher in the grazed sites than in the abandoned sites. The grazing activities thus seem to create suitable habitats for coexisting herbaceous species. The grassland grazed moderately over a long term was able to sustain more animals than the grassland unused over a long term.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.97-107
• /
• 2001

This study argues the nature of the microgenetic method in respect to child development research and explores its merits and limitations. The microgenetic method focuses on observations that span the entire period from the beginning of developmental change to the time it reaches a relatively stable state. This produces a high density of observations relative to the rate of change in the phenomenon. In this way, observed behavior may be used in intensive trial-by-trial analysis. The microgenetic method is superior to other methods in the possibilities for observing developmental changes as they occur, examining various aspects of change, detecting variability in behavior, and flexibility in application regardless of theoretical perspectives. Limitations of this method include reliability problems due to repeated observations, artificiality relative to the natural situation, inconsistency of short-and long-term change, and demands on children's motivation for participation in research.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 2008

The use of reinforced earth walls in permanent structures is getting it's popularity. Despite a number of advantages of reinforced earth walls over conventional concrete retaining walls, there exit concerns over long-term residual deformation when subjected to repeated and/or cyclic loads, during their service period. In this investigation, the effect of preloading in reducing long term residiual deformation of back-to-back reinforced soil wall under sustained and/or repeated loading enviormentment using a series of reduced-scale model tests. It is found that the preloading technique can be an effective means of controlling residual deformations of reinforced soils under varisous loading conditions.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 1999

We investigated the effectiveness of arthroscopic decompression in stage Ⅱ subacromial impingement after long term follow up. Arthroscopic subacromial decompression was done in 104 consecutive patients who had stage Ⅱ sub­acromial impingement. After average of 8.4 years follow up, the final results were as following; 57 shoulders(55%) in excellent, 25(24%) in good, 16(15%) in fair and 6(6%) in poor. All parameters-pain, function, muscle strength and motion-were improved significantly(p<0.00l). Rotator cuff tear was developed in 10 shoulders after decompression. Among them, 8 shoulders had unfavorable results including two poor. In 6 failures, two had rotator cuff tear, three had recurrence of impingement with degenerative change and reflex sympathetic dystrophy was developed in one. Reoperations were done in 4 shoulders. Improvement of impingement symptoms was maintained in the most of patients(79%) after long term follow up. Arthroscopic decompression surgery was very effective means for stage Ⅱ impingement syndrome.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
• /
• pp.891-898
• /
• 2009

A high rock embankment by means of dynamic compaction has hardly carried out in domestic area. For the successful accomplishment of such a high rock embankment, construction quality and measurement control are conducted. Plate loading tests are carried out to verify the bearing capacity and safety against the long term settlement. In addition, settlement of each layer is measured in order to verify the effect of dynamic compaction and to predict long term settlement.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.135-146
• /
• 2000

This study compared the effectiveness of various prevention methods(1-time video viewing; repeated video viewing; participation-enriched video viewing) used in delivering awareness of sexual abuse and coping skills to preschool children. All of the experimental groups performed better than the control group. The participation-enriched viewing group displayed higher levels of coping skills than the control and the 1-time viewing groups. Repeated viewing and participation-enriched viewing approaches were most effective in long-term understanding. The repeated viewing group showed superiority in long-term coping skills. Direct participation, interaction, and reinforcement by means of repetition are important for optimal results in sexual abuse prevention education.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.213-232
• /
• 2000

Cetostearyl alcohol has been incorporated into cosmetic or pharmaceutial emulsions to give them an appropriate consistency and a long term stability. It is well known that cetostearyl alcohol forms a gel phase with a nonionic surfactant in an aqueous system, and the properties of the gel phase depend on several factors such as the ratio of fatty alcohols. The aim of the present Paper is to investigate the effect of the structural difference of the lipophilic part of surfactants on the stability of the gel phase in the nonionic surfactant / cetostearyl alcohol / water ternary systems using differential scanning calorimeter. It is concluded that the gel phase formed by the surfactant having the bended alkyl chain is more unstable than that formed by the case of the straight alkyl chain, and we discussed the reason why the former is more unstable after long term storage by means of the measurements of the ${\Delta}$H.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.792-796
• /
• 2005

The methods of times series analysis have been recognized as important tools for assisting in solving problems related to the management of water resources. Especially, After more than 40 years the so-called Hurst effect remains an open problem in stochastic hydrology. Until now, its existence has been explained fly R/S analysis that roots in early work of the British hydrologist H.E. Hurst(1951). Today, the Hurst analysis is mostly used for the hydrological studies for memory and characteristics of time series and many methodologies have been developed for the analysis. So, there are many different techniques for the estimation of the Hurst exponent(H). However, the techniques can produce different characteristics for the persistence of a time series each other. We found that DFA is the most appropriate technique for the Hurst exponent estimation for both the shot term memory and long term memory. We analyze the SOI(Southern Oscillations Index) and 6 tree-ring series for USA sites by means of DFA and the BDS statistic is used for nonlinearity test of the series. From the results, we found that SOI series is nonlinear time series which has a long term memory of H=0.92. Contrary to earlier work of Rao(1999), all the tree- ring series are not random from our analysis. A certain tree ring series show a long term memory of H=0.97 and nonlinear property. Therefore, we can say that the SOI and tree-ring series may show long memory and nonlinearity.