• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.119-133
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to accurately estimate the location of a device using the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of IEEE 802.11 WLAN for location tracking in indoor environments. For the location estimation method, we adopted the calibration model. By applying the Adaptive Zone Based K-NNSS (AZ-NNSS) algorithm, which considers the velocity of devices, this paper presents a 9% improvement of accuracy compared to the existing K-NNSS-based research, with 37% of the K-NNSS computation load. The accuracy is further enhanced by using a Kalman filter; the improvement was about 24%. This research also shows the level of accuracy that can be achieved by replacing a subset of the calibration data with values computed by a numerical equation, and suggests a reasonable number of calibration points. In addition, we use both the mean error distance (MED) and hit ratio to evaluate the accuracy of location estimation, while avoiding a biased comparison.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.601-606
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• 2019

The lenticular Location Based System is related to a location information technology. The system enables users to inform their location in real time wherever in a room, a building, a ship, a basement. In this paper, we analyze limitations and problems of the existing indoor Positioning System and propose a method of user-oriented location service. The proposed method consists of a lenticular sticker, a database(DB) acquisition and analysis technology. The proposed system can be used as an infrastructure to implement various indoor location-based services. In addition to improve user centered positioning accuracy through the development of location-based systems using indoor lenticular systems, it can be used in a disaster situation.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.299-323
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• 2014

The reason location based service is drawing attention recently is because smart phones are being supplied increasingly. Smart phone, basically equipped with GPS that can identify location information, has the advantage that it can provide contents and services suitable for the user by identifying user location accurately. Offering such diverse advantages, location based services are increasingly used. In addition, for use of location based services, release of user's personal information and location data is essentially required. Regarding personal information and location data, in addition to IT companies, general companies also are conducting various profitable businesses and sales activities based on personal information, and in particular, personal location data, comprehending high value of use among personal information, are drawing high attentions. Increase in demand of personal information is raising the risk of personal information infringement, and infringements of personal location data also are increasing in frequency and degree. Therefore, infringements of personal information should be minimized through user's action and efforts to reinforce security along with Act on the Protection of Personal Information and Act on the Protection of Location Information. This study aimed to improve the importance of personal information privacy by empirically analyzing the effect of perceived values on the intention to strengthen location information security and continuously use location information for users who received location-based services (LBS) in mobile environments with the privacy calculation model of benefits and risks as a theoretical background. This study regarded situation-based provision, the benefit which users perceived while using location-based services, and the risk related to personal location information, a risk which occurs while using services, as independent variables and investigated the perceived values of the two variables. It also examined whether there were efforts to reduce risks related to personal location information according to the values of location- based services, which consumers perceived through the intention to strengthen security. Furthermore, it presented a study model which intended to investigate the effect of perceived values and intention of strengthening security on the continuous use of location-based services. A survey was conducted for three hundred ten users who had received location-based services via their smartphones to verify study hypotheses. Three hundred four questionnaires except problematic ones were collected. The hypotheses were verified, using a statistical method and a logical basis was presented. An empirical analysis was made on the data collected through the survey with SPSS 12.0 and SmartPLS 2.0 to verify respondents' demographic characteristics, an exploratory factor analysis and the appropriateness of the study model. As a result, it was shown that the users who had received location-based services were significantly influenced by the perceived value of their benefits, but risk related to location information did not have an effect on consumers' perceived values. Even though users perceived the risk related to personal location information while using services, it was viewed that users' perceived value had nothing to do with the use of location-based services. However, it was shown that users significantly responded to the intention of strengthening security in relation to location information risks and tended to use services continuously, strengthening positive efforts for security when their perceived values were high.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.5028-5057
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• 2015

In this paper, a new mathematical scheme of Macro Handover Management (MHM) in F-HMIPv6 networks based on Location Based Services (LBS) is proposed. Previous schemes based on F-HMIPv6 protocol usually suffer from three major drawbacks: First, They don't exploit the information about the user mobility behavior in order to reduce handover effects. Second, they only focus on the micro mobility level. Third, they don't consider the quality of service (QoS) of the traffic. The proposed MHM scheme avoids these drawbacks using the available information about Mobile Node (MN) such as user mobility patterns and MN's velocity to predict handover and improve network's QoS. It also takes the traffic type in consideration since it presents a major factor in locating QoS for the user. MHM is analyzed and compared with the F-HMIPv6. The results show that MHM improves the performance in terms of packet delivery cost, location update cost, and handover latency. The design of MHM comprises software package in the MN in addition to a hardware part in the network side. It has implications for communication, design, and pricing of mobile services.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.31-60
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• 2016

Purpose In 2016, the market size of mobile(m-) shopping goes beyeond more than half of a total of online shopping. People use smartphones as the main device for m-commerce. Under the circmustances, this study attempts to address why people prefer to use smartphone-based m-commerce. In other words, it is necessary to understand the main value that smartphone-based m-commerce creates. Drawing on the studies of consumption value, this study focuses on utilitarian value in predicting customers' continuance intention in the context of smartphone-based m-commerce, recognizing that utilitarian value is a key extrinsic motivation in the goal-oriented, performance-oriented shopping contexts. Furthermore, this study identifies factors affecting customers' utilitarian value from the perspective of benefits and costs, following the notion that it represents the result of evaluating a trade-off of benefits and costs caused by smartphone-based m commerce. More specifically, in this study, ubiquitous service, location-based service (LBS), transaction speed, and price utility belong to the benefit dimension, whereas technology anxiety and cognitive effort belong to the cost dimension. Design/methodology/approach To test the proposed hypotheses, the study conducted partial least squares (PLS) analysis with a total of 294 data collected on users with experience in smartphone-based m-commerce. Findings The results show that first, utilitarian value is increased by the benefits, such as ubiquitous service, transaction speed, and price utility. However, LBS has no direct effect on utilitarian value. Second, the noteworthy finding is that ubiquitous service and LBS greatly increase transaction speed. Third, technology anxiety and cognitive effort considered as the cost dimension are negatively associated with utilitarian value but their impacts on it are non-significant. Finally, the results support the argument that utilitarian value is a determinant of continuance intention. Overall, the findings imply that utilitarian value greatly depends on the peception on benefits rather than the aspect of cost in smartphone-based m-commerce. Overall, the findings offer new insight into the studies of m-commerce by considering and verifying the impacts of its benefits and costs simultaneously.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2020

Deep Learning has become the most important technology in the field of artificial intelligence machine learning, with its high performance overwhelming existing methods in various applications. In this paper, an interactive window service based on object recognition technology is proposed. The main goal is to implement an object recognition technology using this deep learning technology to remove the existing eye tracking technology, which requires users to wear eye tracking devices themselves, and to implement an eye tracking technology that uses only usual cameras to track users' eye. We design an interactive system based on efficient eye detection and pupil tracking method that can verify the user's eye movement. To estimate the view-direction of user's eye, we initialize to make the reference (origin) coordinate. Then the view direction is estimated from the extracted eye pupils from the origin coordinate. Also, we propose a blink detection technique based on the eye apply ratio (EAR). With the extracted view direction and eye action, we provide some augmented information of interest without the existing complex and expensive eye-tracking systems with various service topics and situations. For verification, the user guiding service is implemented as a proto-type model with the school map to inform the location information of the desired location or building.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.503-508
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• 2010

Recently, the advance of mobile devices has made various services possible beyond simple communication. One of services is the predicting the future path of users and providing the most suitable location based service based on the prediction results. Almost of these prediction methods are based on previous path data. Thus, calculating similarities between current location information and the previous trajectories for path prediction is an important operation. The collected trajectory data have a huge amount of location information generally. These information needs the high computational cost for calculating similarities. For reducing computational cost, the meaningful location based trajectory model approaches are proposed. However, most of the previous researches are considering only the physical information such as stay time and the distance for extracting the meaningful locations. Thus, they will probably ignore the characteristics of users for meaningful location extraction. In this paper, we suggest a meaningful location extracting and trajectory simplification approach considering the stay time, distance, and additionally interaction information of user. The method collects the location information using GPS device and interaction information between the user and the others. Using these data, the proposed method defines the proximity of the people who are related with the user. The system extracts the meaningful locations based on the calculated proximities, stay time and distance. Using the selected meaningful locations the trajectories are simplified. For verifying the usability of the proposed method, we collect the behavioral data of smart phone users. Using these data, we measure the suitability of meaningful location extraction method, and the accuracy of prediction approach based on simplified trajectories. Following these result, we confirmed the usability of proposed method.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.239-254
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• 2006

Location-based advertising or application has been one of the drivers of third-generation mobile operators' marketing efforts in the past few years. As a result, many studies on location-based marketing or advertising have been proposed for recent several years. However, these approaches have two common shortcomings. First. most of them just suggested the theoretical architectures, which were too abstract to apply it to the real-world cases. Second, many of these approaches only consider service provider (seller) rather than customers (buyers). Thus, the prior approaches fit to the automated sales or advertising rather than the implementation of CRM. To mitigate these limitations, this study presents a novel advertisement recommendation model for mobile users. We call our model MAR-CF (Mobile Advertisement Recommender using Collaborative Filtering). Our proposed model is based on traditional CF algorithm, but we adopt the multi-dimensional personalization model to conventional CF for enabling location-based advertising for mobile users. Thus, MAR-CF is designed to make recommendation results for mobile users by considering location, time, and needs type. To validate the usefulness of our recommendation model. we collect the real-world data for mobile advertisements, and perform an empirical validation. Experimental results show that MAR-CF generates more accurate prediction results than other comparative models.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.330-338
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• 2009

Various applications based on the location information of things are developed as entering by the ubiquitous computing age. Wireless sensor networks are suitable to indoor location-based service because of the important features such as low-power consumption, low-cost, easy deployment, etc. To recognize the distance between nodes, the indoor location-based system transmits both ultrasound signal and radio signal periodically. However, increment of the number of deployed sensor nodes make lots of collision and interference among the signals and it can degrade the accuracy of location-based system. In this paper, we propose a beacon management mechanism to increase the probability of transmission chance to the nearest beacon from the listener. It can minimize collision and interference and reduce the error probability due to the characteristics of ultrasound.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.63-71
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• 2012

This paper presents a design and implementation of U-Seum(Ubiquitous Museum) system based on the LBS(Location Based Service) and mobile augmented reality technique. The mobile services under the smart space of the ubiquitous environments have been expanded in the various fields. In this study, we introduce U-Seum which supports tourists in the museum. U-Seum is developed by use of the position tracking technique based on Wi-Fi and mobile augmented reality. The GPS which is widely used in the position tracking has a difficulty to be utilized in the inside of the building because it requires the Line-of-Sight between a sender and a receiver. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a realtime tour-supported service through experience and evaluate the performance of the system in the world famous UNESCO's Hwa-Seong Museum by measuring the distance from the Wi-Fi signal which is suitable to track the position interior of the museum. U-Seum provides various push services such as mobile augmented reality service for explanation of the artifacts of the museum, game services and the statistics information of the tourist when the tourist approach a specific AP. U-Seum is developed in the Haw-Seong Museum by the support of the Swon Haw-Seong Cultural Foundation. With a field test, we prove that the excellence and expandability of the system.