• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

The purpose of this research is to strengthen rural community empowerment by creating a tourism farm as a plan to reduce relative poverty and to improve the quality of life by creating jobs and increasing the income of local residents in underdeveloped countries. To do so, literature review, stakeholder interviews, on-site investigations, focus-group interviews, a project meeting for residents and a questionnaire survey were performed and analyzed and the results were as follows. First, Uganda has the potential to increase agricultural production based on its warm climate, fertile land and abundant natural resources. The quality of life of local residents is expected to be improved by realizing high-added values through the convergence of the conventional existing agricultural industry and other industries if the agricultural technology is properly transferred based on abundant labor force and low labor expenses. Opportunities for the success of the project can be spread to other rural villages across the country. Second, since local residents are now cultivating sugar cane, cassava, matoke, banana, coffee and so on as a farm owner, tourism agriculture with high-added values can be promoted by vitalizing communities based on farming technology to be transferred and a cooperative farm. It is also necessary to implement a rural community empowerment project to do so. Third, the university that is the cooperative partner of the project is positively considering to train experts by establishing a community development department, and, if necessary, a technical training center to educate the general public, which is expected to create synergic effects through the convergence of education, agriculture and tourism.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2007

For areas such as the Korean Peninsula, which have moderate seismic activity but no available records of strong ground motion, synthetic seismograms can be used to evaluate ground motion without waiting for a strong earthquake. Such seismograms represent the estimated ground motions expected from a set of possible earthquake scenarios. Local site effects are especially important in assessing the seismic hazard and possible ground motion scenarios for a specific fault. The earthquake source and rupture dynamics can be described as a two-step process of rupture initiation and front propagation controlled by a frictional sliding mechanism. The seismic wavefield propagates through heterogeneous geological media and finally undergoes near-surface modulations such as amplification or deamplification. This is a complex system in which various scales of physical phenomena are integrated. A unified approach incorporates multi-scale problems of dynamic rupture, radiated wave propagation, and site effects into an all-in-one model using a three-dimensional, fourth-order, staggered-grid, finite-difference method. The method explains strong ground motions as products of complex systems that can be modified according to a variety of fine-scale rupture scenarios and friction models. A series of such deterministic earthquake scenarios can shed light on the kind of damage that would result and where it would be located.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2021

Injection lipolysis or mesotherapy gained popularity for local fat dissolve as an alternative to surgical liposuction. Phosphatidylcholine (PPC) and aminophyl-line (AMPL) are commonly used compounds for mesotherapy, but their efficacy and safety as lipolytic agents have been controversial. Glycerophosphocholine (GPC) is a choline precursor structurally similar to PPC, and thus introduced in aesthetics as an alternative for PPC. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GPC on adipocytes differentiation and lipolysis and compared those effects with PPC and AMPL using in vitro and in vivo models. Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 was measured by Oil Red O staining. Lipolysis was assessed by measuring the amount of glycerol released in the culture media. To evaluate the lipolytic activity of GPC on a physiological condition, GPC was subcutaneously injected to one side of inguinal fat pads for 3 days. Lipolytic activity of GPC was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining in adipose tissue. GPC significantly suppressed adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 in a concentration-dependent manner (22.3% inhibition at 4 mM of GPC compared to control). Moreover, when lipolysis was assessed by glycerol release in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 6 mM of GPC stimulated glycerol release by two-fold over control. Subcutaneous injection of GPC into the inguinal fat pad of mice significantly reduced the mass of fat pad and the size of adipocytes of injected site, and these effects of GPC were more prominent over PPC and AMPL. Taken together, these results suggest that GPC is the potential therapeutic agent as a local fat reducer.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2008

Food compost, having a higher organic contents than soil, could be an alternative material to prevent the proliferation of heavy metals contamination in soil. In this study we used a convection-dispersion local equilibrium sorption model(CDE) and a two-site non-equilibrium sorption model to find the effects on the adsorption and transportation of Pb by mixing food compost with soil and we also tried to find the effect of velocity and concentration of the injected solution on the characteristics of Pb. We measured Pb concentrations in injection-liquid and in effluent, and then applied them to CXTFIT program. As a result of column experiments, some parameters(D, R, ${\beta}$, ${\omega}$) used in two-site non-equilibrium adsorption model were obtained. Characteristics of Pb adsorption and transport were analyzed using the parameters(D, R, ${\beta}$, ${\omega}$) obtained from the CXTFIT program, We could know that mixed soil with food compost showed a higher adsorption capacity from the retardation factor(R) calculated from the breakthrough curve(BTCs) of Pb. Rs of soil and mixed soil are 20.45, 37.45 respectively, indicating that the adsorption and the transportation characteristics could be accessed quantitatively by using of two-site non-equilibrium adsorption model.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2006

Purpose: This study conducted quantitative sensory test and nociceptive flexion reflex(NFR) measurement to examine degree of pain depending on polarity of high voltage pulsed current(HVPC) of hyperalgesia site in hyperalgesia rat by local thermal injury. mechanical pain threshold, thermal pain threshold and root mean square of NFR were measured. Methods: This study was conducted with control group I of hyperalgesia rat at hind paw by thermal injury and experimental groups divided into cathodal HVPC group II, anodal HVPC group III and alternate HVPC group IV. It measured pain threshold and root mean square(RMS) of NFR and obtained the following results. Results: Mechanical pain threshold of hyperalgeisa site was significantly increased at groups II, III and IV applying HVPC group compared to control group, but there was no difference among HVPC groups. Thermal pain threshold of hyperalgesia site showed a significant increase in group II. Group III showed significant difference after 4 days of hyperalgesia. RMS of NFR at hyperalgeisa site was significantly reduced in group II after 2 days of hyperalgesia. Group III showed significant decrease after 5 and 6 days of hyperalgesia. Conclusion: Consequently it was found that application of HVPC of hyperalgesia site increased pain threshold at hyperalgesia site by mechanical stimuli and thermal stimuli. NFR by electrical stimuli was similar to pain threshold by mechanical stimuli. Effects by polarity of HVPC showed the greatest reduction of hyperalgesia when cathodal electrode was used.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1993

The integrated solid waste management for Seoul Metropolitan city can be established on the basis of the following hierarchy of priorities: 1. Efforts for source reduction should be propelled by both government and citizens to achieve the effects of resource conservation. The adequate production and consumption which are environmentally amenable and sustainable can be induced by the reasonable imposition of deposit money for waste treatment to one-time use products. To accomplish source reduction effectively, the induction of legal and institutional regulation of producer and consumer participation is requisite. 2. For resource recovery, wastes generated should be recycled as far as practicable. Community residents are responsible to separate discharge, the authorities concerned have responsibility of separate collection, and recycling industry should be assissted through tax reduction and financing. Resource separation facilities can be constructed at Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site for wastes not separately collected due to some unavoidable circumstances. 3. Garbage should be composted. Garbage is uneconomical for incineration, because it has high moisture content and low calorie, thus there is no reason for the incineration of garbage even though garbage is classified into combustibles. Composting facilities can be located at sites which are not densely populated and easily accessible to transportation, for example, Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site. Compost produced can be managed by the authorities for the use of fertilizer to a green tract of suburban land and farms. 4. Nonhazardous combustible wastes not recyclable can be utilized for thermal recovery at the incinerators which are completely equipped with pollution control devices. According to the trend of local autonomy and the equity principle of local autonomous entities, incineration facilities of minimal capacity required can be constructed at each districts of Seoul Metropolitan city which have organized local assembly. In case of Yangcheon district, the economically combustible waste quantity is about 260 tons/day which exceeds 150 tons/day, the incineration capacity of existing facility. But, from now on, waste quantity can be reduced substantially by the intensive efforts of citizens for source reduction and recycling and the institutional support of administrative organizations. Especially, it is indispensable for the government to constitute institutional and technological bases that can recycle paper and plastics form 43% of waste generated. A good time for constructing of incineration facilities for municipal solid waste can be postponed to the time that pollution control technologies of domestic enterprises are fully developed to satisfy the standards of air pollution prevention, because the life expectancy of Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site is about 25 years. Within this period, institutional improvements and technological advancements can be attained, while the air qual. ity of Seoul Metropolitan city can be ameliorated to the level to afford incineration facilities. 5. For final disposal, incombustibles and ash are landfilled sanitarily at Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.867-883
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• 2016

In this paper, the effects of steel-fiber and rebar reinforcements on the ultimate bearing strength of the local anchorage zone were investigated based on experiments and comparisons between test results and design-equation predictions (AASHTO 2012, NCHRP 1994). Eighteen specimens were fabricated using the same anchorage device, which is one of the conventional anchorage devices, and two transverse ribs were used to secure an additional bearing area for a compact anchorage-zone design. Eight of the specimens were reinforced with only steel fiber and are of two concrete strengths, while six were reinforced with only rebars for two concrete strengths. The other four specimens were reinforced with both rebars and steel fiber for one concrete strength. The test and the comparisons between the design-equation predictions and the test results showed that the ultimate bearing strength and the section efficiency are highly affected by the reinforcement details and the concrete strength; moreover, the NCHRP equation can be conservatively applied to various local anchorage zones for the prediction of the ultimate bearing strength, whereby conditions such as the consideration of the rib area and the calibration factor are changed.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2006

등가선형해석은 지반증폭현상을 모사하기 위하여 널리 사용되고 있으며, 해석 시 흙의 거동은 하중의 주파수의 영향을 받지 않는다고 가정되어왔다. 반면, 실내시험은 점성토의 경우 하중의 주파수의 영향을 크게 받는다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 하중의 주파수가 흙의 동적 거동에 미치는 영향을 고려하는 새로운 등가선형해석기법이 개발되었으며 주파수의 영향을 규명하기 위하여 지반응답해석을 수행하였다. 해석 결과, 하중의 주파수에 따라서 변화하는 전단탄성계수가 지반응답에 미치는 영향은 작은 반면 감쇠비는 큰 영향을 끼치는 것으로 판명되었다. 이는 하중의 주파수가 높아질수록 흙의 감쇠비도 같이 증가하며 이로 인하여 지진파의 고주파수 요소가 필터링 되기 때문이다. 따라서, 하중의 주파수에 지배 받는 흙의 거동은 특히 고주파수 요소가 풍부한 지진파 전파 모사 시 특히 중요하다고 판단된다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2011

지진, 산사태, 액상화 등으로 인한 지질재해 규모는 지역적 지반상태에 따라 크게 변화하므로, 지질재해예측시스템(Geologic Loss Estimation System)을 구축 운용하기 위해서는 연구대상 전 지역에 대한 지반분류 정보가 필요하다. 이는 GIS에서 지질도 또는 지형도 등을 이용한 간접적인 방법으로 수행될 수 있다. DEM에서 추출한 경사도는 지반분류 고려사항의 하나로 사용될 수 있고, 이때 DEM의 해상력에 따라 그 결과가 다르게 산출될 수도 있다. 본 연구에서 우리나라 동남부 지역을 고해상도와 저해상도의 DEM으로부터 추출된 경사도를 토대로 지반분류한 결과, 두 해상도 간에 지반분류 C(매우 조밀한 토사 또는 연암) 지반과 E(연약한 토사) 지반의 면적에서 현저한 차이가 확인되었다. 지반분류 B(보통암)와 E 지역의 면적은 고해상도의 DEM을 바탕으로 구축한 지반분류도에서 크게 산출되었고, 지반분류 C와 D(단단한 토사) 지역의 면적은 저해상도의 DEM을 바탕으로 구축한 지반분류도에서 크게 산출되었다. GIS에서 다시 제작한 여러 개의 상이한 해상도의 DEM을 이용해 수행한 지반분류 결과에서도 같은 현상을 확인하였다. 우리나라에서 경사도를 지반분류 시 고려사항의 하나로 사용할 경우, 지형의 변화가 심하고 인구나 산업시설이 밀집된 재해 고위험군 지역은 고해상도의 지도를 이용하여 결과의 신뢰성을 확보해야 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.70-74
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• 1999

Background: Preemptive analgesia has been suggested recently as an another technique of postoperative pain control. Combination of low dose opioid and NSAIDs was used to lessen systemic opioid side effect, however, the use of NSAIDs may hinder their side effects in perioperative period. The local application of small dose at the target site can be effective without systemic effect. The aim of this study is evaluating the additive effect and side effect of transdermal piroxicam as preemptive adjuvant to intravenous nalbuphine on pain relief after major abdominal surgery. Methods: We reviewed the records of patients received piroxicam patch for preemptive analgesia before operation and compared it with control group. Two sheets of piroxicam patch to the skin incision site for 12 hours before operation were attached (Group 1, n=20) and no patch were applied (Group 2, n=20). Both groups were received nalbuphine continuously after operation using two days infuser (2 ml/hr) containing 80 mg (96 ml). Pain is evaluated by VAS score at each time; 30 min, 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 hours after operation and side effects of NSAIDs were observed for 3days postoperatively. Results: There was no significant VAS score difference between two groups following time in progress. And no significant side effect was noted in both groups, either. Conclusion: There is no preemptive or synergistic analgesic effect of piroxicam patch attached at planned operation site before operation.