• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 2000

In order to provide a basis for studying the molecular mechanism of pharmacological action of local anesthetics and to develop a fluorescence spectroscopic method which can detect the microviscosity of native and model membranes using intramolecular excimerization of 1,3-di(l-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py), we examined the effect of lidocaine HCl on the microviscosity of model membranes of phosphatidylcholine fraction extracted from synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMVPC). The excimer to monomer fluorescence intensity ratio (I'/I) of Py-3-Py in liquid paraffin was a simple linear function of $T/{\eta}.$ Based on this calibration curve, the microviscosity values of the direct probe environment in SPMVPC model membranes ranged from $234.97{\pm}48.85$ cP at $4^{\circ}C$ to %19.21{\pm}1.11$ cP at $45^{\circ}C.$ At $37^{\circ}C,$ a value of $27.25{\pm}0.44$ cP was obtained. The lidocaine HCl decreased the microviscosity of SPMVPC model membranes in a concentration-dependent manner, with a significant decrease in microviscosity value by injecting the local anesthetic even at the concentration of 0.5 mM. These results indicate that the direct environment of Py-3-Py in the SPMVPC model membranes is significantly fluidized by the lidocaine HCl. Also, the present study explicitly shows that an interaction between local anesthetics and membrane lipids is of importance in the molecular mechanism of pharmacological action of lidocaine HCl.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1234-1243
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• 1992

A systematic procedure to design fuzzy PID controllers is developed in this paper. The concept of local fuzzy control cell is proposed by introducing both an adequate global control rule and membership functions to simplify a fuzzy logic controller. Fuzzy decision is made by using algebraic product and parallel firing arithematic mean, and a defuzzification strategy is adopted for improving the computational efficiency based on nonfuzzy micro-processor. A direct method, transforming the typical output of quasi-linear fuzzy operator to the digital compensator of PID form, is also proposed. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to an DC-servo motor. It is found that this algorithm is systematic and robust through computer simulations and implementation of controller using Intel 8097 micro-processor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2017

Ultimate axial strength of longitudinally stiffened cylindrical steel shells for wind turbine tower was investigated by applying the geometrically and materially nonlinear finite element method. The effects of radius to thickness ratio of shell, shape and amplitude of initial imperfections, area ratio between effective shell and stiffener, and stiffener spacing on the ultimate axial strength of cylindrical shells were analyzed. The ultimate axial strengths of stiffened cylindrical shells by FEA were compared with design buckling strengths specified in DNV-RP-C202. The shell buckling modes obtained from a linear elastic bifurcation FE analysis as well as the weld depression during fabrication specified in Eurocode 3 were introduced in the nonlinear FE analysis as initial geometric imperfections. The radius to thickness ratio of cylindrical shell models was selected to be in the range of 50 to 200. The longitudinal stiffeners were designed according to DNV-RP-C202 to prevent the lateral torsional buckling and local buckling of stiffeners.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.447-453
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• 2005

The coverage of soft tissue defects around the knee joint or upper one third of lower leg presents a difficult challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Various reconstructive choices are available depending on the location, size and depth of the defect. The authors present their clinical application of a medial sural artery perforator island flap as a useful alternative method for upper one third of lower leg and knee reconstruction. From 2002 to 2004, we operated total 4 patients (total 4 flaps) using the medial sural artey perforator island flap for coverage of the defect on upper one third of lower leg and knee, of 4 patients, 3 patients was men and one was woman. Average patient age was 54.6 years. The largest flap obtained was 10x8cm2. Postoperative follow up of the patients ranged from two to 33 months. In two cases, defects was located on upper one third of lower leg and in other two cases, defects were on the knee. All four cases had bone exposure open wound. In angiography, 2 cases had injured in the anterior tibial artery, 1 case had injured in the posterior tibial artery. There were no diabetes or other vascular disease. All 4 flaps were survived completely, without minor complications such as venous congestion and hematoma. Donor morbidity was restricted substantially to the donor linear scar. There were no functional impairment. As the main advantages of the medial sural perforator island flap, it ensures constant location and reliable blood supply without sacrificing any main source artery or damaging underlying muscle. This procedure is valuable extension of local flap for defect coverage with minimal functional deficit donor site and good aesthetic result on the defect. We consider it as one of the useful methods of the upper one third of lower leg and knee reconstruction.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.859-865
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• 2010

In this paper, a new method for finger vein recognition is proposed. Researchers are recently interested in the finger vein recognition since it is a good way to avoid the forgery in finger prints recognition and the inconveniences in obtaining images of the iris for iris recognition. The vein images are processed to obtain the line shaped vein images through the local histogram equalization and a thinning process. This thinned vein images are processed for matching, using a new matching algorithm, named HS(HeeSung) matching algorithm. This algorithm yields an excellent recognition rate when it is applied to the curve-linear images processed through a thinning or an edge detection. In our experiment with the finger vein images, the recognition rate has reached up to 99.20% using this algorithm applied to 650finger vein images(130person ${\times}$ 5images each). It takes only about 60 milliseconds to match one pair of images.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8327-8333
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• 2016

Background: The recent epidemiologic transition in Thailand, with decreasing incidence of infectious diseases along with increasing rates of chronic conditions, including cancer, is a serious problem for the country. Breast cancer has the highest incidence rates among females throughout Thailand. Lampang is a province in the upper part of Northern Thailand. A study was needed to identify the current burden, and the future trends of breast cancer in upper Northern Thai women. Materials and Methods: Here we used cancer incidence data from the Lampang Cancer Registry to characterize and analyze the local incidence of breast cancer. Joinpoint analysis, age period cohort model and Nordpred package were used to investigate the incidences of breast cancer in the province from 1993 to 2012 and to project future trends from 2013 to 2030. Results: Age-standardized incidence rates (world) of breast cancer in the upper parts of Northern Thailand increased from 16.7 to 26.3 cases per 100,000 female population which is equivalent to an annual percentage change of 2.0-2.8%, according to the method used. Linear drift effects played a role in shaping the increase of incidence. The three projection method suggested that incidence rates would continue to increase in the future with incidence for women aged 50 and above, increasing at a higher rate than for women below the age of 50. Conclusions: The current early detection measures increase detection rates of early disease. Preparation of a budget for treatment facilities and human resources, both in surgical and medical oncology, is essential.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.737-743
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• 2014

For single image super resolution (SR), interpolation based and example based algorithms are extensively used. The interpolation algorithms have the strength of theoretical simplicity. However, those algorithms are tending to produce high resolution images with jagged edges, because they are not able to use more priori information. Example based algorithms have been studied in the past few years. For example based SR, the nearest neighbor based algorithms are extensively considered. Among them, neighbor embedding (NE) has been inspired by manifold learning method, particularly locally linear embedding. However, the sizes of local training sets are always too small. So, NE algorithm is weak in the performance of the visuality and quantitative measure by the poor generalization of nearest neighbor estimation. An improved NE algorithm with Support Vector Regression (SVR) was proposed to solve this problem. Given a low resolution image, the pixel values in its high resolution version are estimated by the improved NE. Comparing with bicubic and NE, the improvements of 1.25 dB and 2.33 dB are achieved in PSNR. Experimental results show that proposed method is quantitatively and visually more effective than prior works using bicubic interpolation and NE.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1191-1197
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• 2003

In the multi-carrier OFDM communication system, the inter-carrier-interference(ICI) produced by phase noise in the transceiver local oscillator makes a severe influence on the system performance. In this paper, a new ICI self-cancellation scheme in the data-conversion type is proposed to reduce effectively the ICI. Also, the common phase error(CPE), ICI and carrier to interference power ratio(CIR) are found by the linear approximation of the phase noise. Then, the proposed method is compared with the conventional OFDM to analyze the efficiency of system performance improvement. When the number of subcarriers is 64, there are respectively the SNR gain of 0.6 ㏈ in the phase noise variance of 0.3 with QPSK and 1.5 ㏈ in the phase noise variance of 0.1 with 16 QAM at BER=10$\^$-3/. As a result, the performance degradation by ICI can be effectively lowered in the proposed system with ICI self. cancellation scheme, compared with the conventional OFDM system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.2946-2952
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• 2014

Among the Example based Super Resolution(SR) techniques, Neighbor embedding(NE) has been inspired by manifold learning method, particularly locally linear embedding. However, the poor generalization of NE decreases the performance of such algorithm. The sizes of local training sets are always too small to improve the performance of NE. We propose the Learning Sparse-Neighbor Image Representation baesd on SVR having an excellent generalization ability to solve this problem. Given a low resolution image, we first use bicubic interpolation to synthesize its high resolution version. We extract the patches from this synthesized image and determine whether each patch corresponds to regions with high or low spatial frequencies. After the weight of each patch is obtained by our method, we used to learn separate SVR models. Finally, we update the pixel values using the previously learned SVRs. Through experimental results, we quantitatively and qualitatively confirm the improved results of the proposed algorithm when comparing with conventional interpolation methods and NE.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.184-192
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• 2011

In this study, we introduce a identification methodology for FCM-based fuzzy model. The two underlying design mechanisms of such networks involve Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering method and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO). The proposed algorithm is based on FCM clustering method for efficient processing of data and the optimization of model was carried out using PSO. The premise part of fuzzy rules does not construct as any fixed membership functions such as triangular, gaussian, ellipsoidal because we build up the premise part of fuzzy rules using FCM. As a result, the proposed model can lead to the compact architecture of network. In this study, as the consequence part of fuzzy rules, we are able to use four types of polynomials such as simplified, linear, quadratic, modified quadratic. In addition, a Weighted Least Square Estimation to estimate the coefficients of polynomials, which are the consequent parts of fuzzy model, can decouple each fuzzy rule from the other fuzzy rules. Therefore, a local learning capability and an interpretability of the proposed fuzzy model are improved. Also, the parameters of the proposed fuzzy model such as a fuzzification coefficient of FCM clustering, the number of clusters of FCM clustering, and the polynomial type of the consequent part of fuzzy rules are adjusted using PSO. The proposed model is illustrated with the use of Automobile Miles per Gallon(MPG) and Boston housing called Machine Learning dataset. A comparative analysis reveals that the proposed FCM-based fuzzy model exhibits higher accuracy and superb predictive capability in comparison to some previous models available in the literature.