• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.3121-3143
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• 2019

Segmentation plays an important role in the field of image processing and computer vision. Intuitionistic fuzzy C-means (IFCM) clustering algorithm emerged as an effective technique for image segmentation in recent years. However, standard fuzzy C-means (FCM) and IFCM algorithms are sensitive to noise and initial cluster centers, and they ignore the spatial relationship of pixels. In view of these shortcomings, an improved algorithm based on IFCM is proposed in this paper. Firstly, we propose a modified non-membership function to generate intuitionistic fuzzy set and a method of determining initial clustering centers based on grayscale features, they highlight the effect of uncertainty in intuitionistic fuzzy set and improve the robustness to noise. Secondly, an improved nonlinear kernel function is proposed to map data into kernel space to measure the distance between data and the cluster centers more accurately. Thirdly, the local spatial-gray information measure is introduced, which considers membership degree, gray features and spatial position information at the same time. Finally, we propose a new measure of intuitionistic fuzzy entropy, it takes into account fuzziness and intuition of intuitionistic fuzzy set. The experimental results show that compared with other IFCM based algorithms, the proposed algorithm has better segmentation and clustering performance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to understand whether the architecture of the mountain village conforms to the geography and local landscape, and become a unique scenic element. Also, the study is to grasp the status of the village landscape design elements. The methods and contents of the study were surveyed by field research with references in Biederbach community, an isolated mountain village in Southwestern Germany. The time frame for the survey research is July 2015. The contents of the study include the analysis of the village's landscape structure, architecture, and landscape design patterns. The following conclusions were reached through the above research process. First, the village landscape structure seen in the mid-distance view is the hilly scene of the alpine region, which houses the sloping terrain of Black Forest and surrounds the residential area with the grassland covered by the Black Forest. Second, the main elements of the town's landscape building are historical culture, traditional architecture, topology and nature, and artificial environmental design. Third, the landscape design utilizing the village's resources creates a sustainable community's residential environment.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.414-420
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• 2018

To augment emotion and immersion in virtual reality (VR), technological research based on scent displays have increased in recent years. The results of extensive studies have enabled the development of methods to interface head mounted displays (HMDs) with scent devices, and the possibility of VR applications of this development was identified via several demonstrations in actual VR environments. Despite all these efforts, more practical methods and conditions for scent display in VR environments are yet to be developed. To efficiently interface VR and scent, this study proposes three ways to set the position for scent display and scent conditions. The first is scent display using local positioning in the VR engine, the second is scent display using the relative distance and orientation between user and object in VR environments, and the third is scent display using time setting. In this study, we developed scent devices using a piezo actuator to validate the proposed method and successfully conducted demonstrations and experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.559-560
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• 2016

Modern was also the era that can go quickly and easily, as well as overseas travel domestic travel. Whereby the two grew more and more people enjoying the trip. In the first place, but if you been easy to get lost overseas will receive help if not the ability to speak local languages and also to develop a tool that is easy to find your way in the first place because been difficult. Previously, became the drone that was used for military purposes now enjoy easy and convenient operation and safety of the public. Drones are using this time because of the wide application field width should also try to develop a drone navigation to find your way. If you set the destination using Google Maps it aims to make the user want to go to fly toward the destination while keeping the user with a certain distance.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.44.3-44.3
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• 2019

Massive stars, supernovae, and kilonovae are among the most luminous radiation sources in the universe. Observations usually show near- to mid-infrared (NIR-MIR, 1-5~micron) emission excess from H II regions around young massive star clusters (YMSCs) and anomalous dust extinction and polarization towards Type Ia supernova (SNe Ia). The popular explanation for such NIR-MIR excess and unusual dust properties is the predominance of small grains (size a<0.05micron) relative to large grains (a>0.1micron) in the local environment of these strong radiation sources. The question of why small grains are predominant in these environments remains a mystery. Here we report a new mechanism of dust destruction based on centrifugal stress within extremely fast rotating grains spun-up by radiative torques, namely the RAdiative Torque Disruption (RATD) mechanism, which can resolve this question. We find that RATD can destroy large grains located within a distance of ~ 1 pc from a massive star of luminosity L~ 10^4L_sun and a supernova. This increases the abundance of small grains relative to large grains and successfully reproduces the observed NIR-MIR excess and anomalous dust extinction/polarization. We show that small grains produced by RATD can also explain the steep far-UV rise in extinction curves toward starburst and high redshift galaxies, as well as the decrease of the escape fraction of Ly-alpha photons observed from HII regions surrounding YMSCs.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.127-136
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• 2021

Real-time human recognition is a challenging task, as the images are captured in an unconstrained environment with different poses, makeups, and styles. This limitation is addressed by generating several facial images with poses, makeup, and styles with a single reference image of a person using Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). In this paper, we propose deep learning-based human recognition using integration of GAN and Spatial Domain Techniques. A novel concept of human recognition based on face depiction approach by generating several dissimilar face images from single reference face image using Domain Transfer Generative Adversarial Networks (DT-GAN) combined with feature extraction techniques such as Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Histogram is deliberated. The Euclidean Distance (ED) is used in the matching section for comparison of features to test the performance of the method. A database of millions of people with a single reference face image per person, instead of multiple reference face images, is created and saved on the centralized server, which helps to reduce memory load on the centralized server. It is noticed that the recognition accuracy is 100% for smaller size datasets and a little less accuracy for larger size datasets and also, results are compared with present methods to show the superiority of proposed method.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.49-62
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• 2019

In order to balance with supply policy, public housing management and operation policies have been implemented in terms of housing welfare, but citizens have not yet achieved the results that the citizens are experiencing. The purpose of this study is to analysis the residential satisfaction of the including the housing performance through the characteristics of the public housing residents in Seoul. The data used in this study is based on the survey data of public housing panel survey in Seoul (2016). The study method used ordered logistic regression analysis based on the fact that dependent variables appeared as ordered responses. Major research results are as follows. Firstly, housing performance and residential satisfaction may not match. Even though the satisfaction of housing area, type, and management fee is high, satisfaction with residential environment is low if commuting distance, the number of small libraries, and hospitals are small. Secondly, it showed different characteristics of residential environment factors among types of public housing. Rather than focusing on supply, customized supply is needed considering characteristics of public housing types. Thirdly, the policy for public housing needs to be realized by a fair policy on the residential environment. It is necessary to contribute to better housing stability as a customized policy considering the local residential environment.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.24-31
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• 2021

Through 'The Renewable Energy 3020 Implementation Plan' for carbon neutrality, the government promised to raise the proportion of renewable energy generation to 20% and renewable energy installation capacity to 63.8% by 2030. Therefore, we plan to test a 5.5 MW offshore wind turbine near Maldo, Gunsan. In this project, we measure the level of public acceptance and perform ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis to show the determinants of public acceptance. The regression results are as followed. First, it is judged that the closer the distance to the offshore wind turbine, the more the economic effects considered by residents. Second, especially in Maldo, the experience of being discriminated from the Saemangeum project, is understood to have caused distrust in the surrounding fishing villages chief/Fisheries Cooperatives, converted into a local community effect. Finally, the policy implications are as follows. First, a bottom-up problem-solving method is required to improve public acceptance, based on the Living Lab. Second, the island community may be indifferent to the briefings or forums of outsiders. Therefore, a gradual approach is required through (in)formal channels based on reliability from a long-term perspective with nearby universities and research institutes using SamsØ Energy Academy.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.7-13
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• 2021

This paper presents an vulnerable road user (VRU) classification and tracking algorithm using vision and LiDAR sensor fusion method for urban autonomous driving. The classification and tracking for vulnerable road users such as pedestrian, bicycle, and motorcycle are essential for autonomous driving in complex urban environments. In this paper, a real-time object image detection algorithm called Yolo and object tracking algorithm from LiDAR point cloud are fused in the high level. The proposed algorithm consists of four parts. First, the object bounding boxes on the pixel coordinate, which is obtained from YOLO, are transformed into the local coordinate of subject vehicle using the homography matrix. Second, a LiDAR point cloud is clustered based on Euclidean distance and the clusters are associated using GNN. In addition, the states of clusters including position, heading angle, velocity and acceleration information are estimated using geometric model free approach (GMFA) in real-time. Finally, the each LiDAR track is matched with a vision track using angle information of transformed vision track and assigned a classification id. The proposed fusion algorithm is evaluated via real vehicle test in the urban environment.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2022

An off-axis zone plate is able to focus on a single order while neglecting the zeroth order in a visible imaging system. This allows one to enhance the contrast quality in diffractive images, which is the major advantage of this type of zone plate. However, most previous reflection zone plates are used in focusing X-rays with a small grazing incident angle and are intricately designed with the use of a local grating period. In this study, we suggest the design of an off-axis elliptical zone plate (EZP) that is used to focus a monochromatic light beam with separation between the first and unfocused orders under a large grazing incident angle of 45°. An assumption using the total grating period, which depends on the average and constant grating period, is proposed to calculate the desired distance between the first and zeroth order and to simplify the construction of a novel model off-center EZP. Four diffractive optical elements (DOEs) with different parameters were subsequently fabricated by direct laser lithography and then verified using a performance evaluation system to compare the results from the assumption with the experimental results.