• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Burning mouth syndrome(BMS) refers to a chronic orofacial pain disorder usually unaccompanied by mucosal lesions or other clinical signs. Tongue(anterior and lateral border) is found to be the most common site for the burning sensations in the oral cavity, and various oral sites may be affected including hard palate and lips. The etiology of this disorder remains poorly understood, but the various factors might be related with the pathogenesis of the BMS. These factors have been devided into local, systemic and psychological. Recently, there have been increasing reports that the pain of BMS may be neuropathic in origin. The complex and multifactorial etiology of BMS necessitates multidisciplinary approach for the management of these patients. Recently, several studies have reported that oral parafunctional habits could be related the pathogenesis of BMS, and tried to control the symptom of BMS with various methods. We reported the cases who had the symptom of burning mouth syndrome with removable anti-nociceptive appliance in the lower dentition.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.3023-3027
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the effects of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cytokeratin 19 (CK19), cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and survinin gene expression on local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) who were administered radiotherapy (RT). Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients who were admitted to Uludag University Medical Faculty Department of Radiation Oncology with a diagnosis of LAHNC (GIII-GIV) were included in this study. Gene expression was evaluated in tumor tissues and peripheral blood. RNA isolation was performed on paraffinized tumor tissues and peripheral blood samples obtained before RT (BR). The densities of the obtained RNAs were analyzed at 260/280 nm. cDNA samples obtained from total RNA,EGFR, CK19, CK20 and survinin gene expression levels were assessed via the Sybr Green method and data were analyzed with the ${\Delta}{\Delta}Ct$ method. The same process was repeated for peripheral blood samples taken after RT (AR). Results: The female/male ratio was 3:23 and the mean age was 56.5 years (38-75years). After radiotherapy, CK19 and CK20 levels in the peripheral blood were found to be correlated according to Pearson correlation analysis(p=0.049). This result indicates a possibility of remaining positive for CK19 and CK20 in the peripheral blood even after RT in patients with CK19, CK20, and EGFR positive tumors before RT. There was a statistically significant correlation between survinin levels measured BR and AR (p=0.028). Conclusions: In this study, we found that patients with any EGFR, CK19, CK20 or survinin positivity in their peripheral blood obtain less benefit from radiotherapy. A wider patient population and advanced protein analyses are necessary in order to increase the reliability of our findings.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.215-241
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• 2014

As brand has increasingly influenced on marketing activities, local government, agricultural enterprises, and individual farmhouses autonomously develop and promote their own brands in the field of agrifood. Among developed brands, however, it could be possible for products with having no competitiveness and continuous control to lapse in the marketing. This study aimed to try develop to brand equity model in order for agri-food brands to evaluate and complement in the agricultural company. For doing this, ERRC were administered to interview the brands experts to discuss rice. The results of the analyses indicated that the areas with attribute weight of assets may consider bonding with customers for enhancing the value in the brand equity.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 1982

Paragonimus westermani is one of the most popular endemic parasitic diseases in Korea. The nation-wide prevalence survey were carried out by Gobayashi (1921) with sputum examination and by Walton and Chyu (1959) with the intradermal skin test respectively. Recent studies showed the decline of positive rate in intradermal skin test of the local inhabitants and also showed the less distribution of intermediate host. The fact seemed that caused by economic improvement of village people, decrease of intermediate host by increasing use of pesticides, becoming lower water level at streams and rivers and better irrigation and finally by better community health education etc. Gangwha area of Gyeonggi-Do was found out as an endemic area of Paragonimus westermani through some studies in the past, however, in the vicinity area of Gangwha, the study in Kyodong island (myon) was carried out in 1965 by Yun et al. Therefore author carried out the intradermal skin test for 2,380 students of primary, middle and high school in Kyodong island and Samsan island. The results showed as follows : 1) The positive rate of intradermal test for paragonimus westermani infection showed positive in 152 among 1,845 students (8.2%) in Kyodong island, and 21 among 637 students (3.3%) in Samsan island respectively. 2) According to grade levels, 49 among 973 students (5.0%) in primary school, 62 among 962 students (6.4%) in middle school and 53 among 445 students (11.9%) in high school showed positive rate. This showed the higher grade the higher positive rate. 3) Among these total 164 positive cases in the intradermal skin test, only in 3 cases eggs were found in sputum. 4) Finding out the intermediate host, only 28 crayfishes from Kyodong island and 12 from Samsan island were collected and examined for metacercaria infection, however, none of metacercaria was found. 5) As a control group, 2 primary schools from the main island were selected. In these schools from the sixth grade students showed positive rate of 4.8% in Naega primary school and 0% in Hajeom Primary school respectively. Those results showed much decrease than studies carried out in the past. 6) The survey for food habit showed that 15 among 1,274 students (1.2%) had experiences of eating raw intermediate host(crayfish) and 266 among 988 students (27.0%) ate cooked.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2011

The metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) were isolated in the whole body muscle of wild freshwater fish, spotted barbel gudgeon (Squalidus multimaculatus Rosoya et Jeon) from the local river in Yeongdeok, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. The infected fish with bumpy body surface by "yellow grub" showed erratic swimming behavior and some fish were died. The isolated excysted metacercariae were tongue shaped and 2.85~5.89 mm ${\times}$ 0.8~1.99 mm in size. 1~98 metacercariae were isolated in individual fish and mean infection intensity was 25. All examined adult spotted barbel gudgeon sizing 7 cm in body length were infected. This is the first report of disease outbreak and mortality caused by C. complanatum infection in wild freshwater fish in Korea.

• 한국초등상담교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.01a
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• pp.205-222
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• 2004

Fundamental direction of the seventh education curriculum aims to nurture active and creative Koreans for globalized and information-oriented society of 21 century, and emphasizes the importance of career education identifying its subsections that are practices of student-focused education of aptitude, ability and career. Hence, as a clear targeting of career objective from elementary school through relevant career education enables them to recognize appropriate career for themselves, the basis of self- actualization and social contribution must be settled. This paper seeks to identify the relationship between career awareness and self-esteem by examining and analysing differences of sex, region and level. This study selected 536 samples from 4th and 6th year elementary school students in C city and S town of Chungcheong province. Career awareness test and self-esteem test is used as a measurement, statistical process control (SPC) of career awareness and self-esteem (M, SD, r) is made for each variable, and the significance was tested. The result of this research can be summarized as follows: First, generally there is very significant regional differences of career awareness (F=16.817, p<.001), which contains that urban children has higher career awareness (M=120.22) than that of rural children (M=113.87). In subsections of career awareness, self-esteem of urban children is higher than that of rural children, and the attitude & for career and values of girls is higher than that of boys. In terms of the career planning, urban children and 6th year students are higher than rural children and 4th year students. Second, self-esteem generally has very significant regional difference (F=12.123, p<.01), which contains that the self-esteem of urban children (M=106.50) is higher than that of rural children (M=101.80). In comparison of different forms, a very significant difference is as much as p<.01 level (F=11.046), which contains 4th year students (M=105.63) have higher self-esteem than 6th year students (M=102.05). In subsections of self-esteem, gross self-esteem and social self-esteem of urban children are higher than rural children. In terms of family self-esteem, urban children and 4th year students have higher figure than rural children and 6th year students. In school self-esteem, 4th year students had higher level than the 6th. Third, the career awareness and self-esteem are generally related as r= .50, it was very significant at p<. 001 level. All subsections of career awareness had positive relationships except the school self-esteem. According to the result, rural children had relatively low career awareness and self-esteem. This is presumably due to relatively poor circumstances for rural children, comparing to that of urban children. Therefore rural elementary schools should try to let them have appropriate career awareness by associating with family, school and local society to expand the opportunity of experiences for the self perception of aptitude, nature and interest. In addition, we have to strive for the whole-minded education increasing the self-esteem of rural children and giving them positive thinking through career counselling, personal counselling and group counselling.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-64
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• 2007

The study is examined to illustrate Korea's status in service trade, including travel deficit, outbound travel market, and inbound travel market. This research will also illustrate what factors generate the growth of travel deficit and suggest some alternatives to solve it even if government notes a steady increase in exports of cultural products and programs and entertainment services, driven by the Korean Wave sweeping across Asia. The study suggested some possible alternatives such as growth of travel balance, improvement of low image on Korean tourism, aggressive participation of government, strengthened role of Korean Tourism Organization(KTO), and appropriate control on overseas studies to lessen an increase of travel deficit. In addition, the study concluded, even if a tourism industry includes a higher multiplier effect, the spontaneous participation intention by Koreans themselves and the strong supports from local governments should be another major successful factors to settle down the travel deficit.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.239-254
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• 2006

The 3rd Japan-Korea Workshop on Acupuncture and EBM was held at Kanazawa on June $16^{th}$. From Korea team, 4 papers were presented. Dr. Hahn introduced a new approach of data analysis on series of n-of-1 trials using the Bayesian statistics. It offered important information for the future n-of-1 trials. Dr. Park clearly demonstrated the significance of various sham devices proposed and stressed the importance of research questions when we choose the control intervention in RCT. Dr. Lee reported the results of survey in Korean Medical Doctors (KMD) for their point selection and techniques to the distal and local points. Dr. Kim presented the results of face to face survey on the KMD with 28 items for acupuncture treatment on the knee OA. Finally, a draft of protocol was introduced by Dr. Kim. The title was "multi-center, a randomized, single blinded, two arms, parallel-group study to compare the effectiveness and safety of 'individualized acupuncture' and 'standardized minimal acupuncture' in Korean and Japanese patients with knee osteoarthritis (Phase IV)". From Japan team, 7 speakers presented their comments and proposals on the protocol. Dr. Takahashi introduced several issues regarding n-of-1 trials and pointed out the importance of obtaining generalizability from n-of-1 trials. Dr. Shichidou pointed the importance of research design, selection of outcome measures and reduction of biases. Dr. Itoh presented the results of point selection for the knee OA based on the literature survey. Dr. Sumiya introduced several differences between KMD and Japanese acupuncturists based on the questionnaire used in KMD survey. Dr. Furuya demonstrated a result of press tack needle and its sham device on shoulder stiffness. Dr. Yamashita introduced the results of literature survey regarding adverse events occurred by acupuncture on knee OA. Dr.Tsukayama stressed the importance of responsibility of Institutional Review Board (IRB) for the conduction of clinical trials. After several issues were discussed, the need of continued meeting for final protocol development was agreed, then the workshop was closed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.5B
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• pp.253-263
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• 2005

This paper proposed a mobile multicast technique to satisfy end-to-end QoS for various user requirements in mobile network environment. In order to provide seamless mobility, fast handoff technique was applied. By using L2 mobile trigger, it was possible to minimize remarkable amount of packet loss by delay occurred during handoff. To provide efficient multicast, concept of hierarchy was introduced to Xcast++, which results in a creation of HXcast++. HXcast++ optimized transfer path of multicast and reduced expensive multicast maintenance costs caused by frequent handoff. Suggestion of GMA (Group Management Agent) mechanism allows joining to group immediately without waiting IGMP Membership query during handoff. GMA mechanism will minimize the delay for group registration process and the resource usage due to delay of withdrawal process. And also use of buffering & forwarding technique minimized packet loss during generation of multicast tree. IntServ/RSVP was used to provide End-to-End QoS in local domain and DiffServ was used in global domain. To minimize reestablishment of RSVP session delay, extended HXcast++ control messages ware designed to require PATH message. HXcast++ proposed in this thesis is defined as multicast technique to provide end-to-end QoS and also to satisfy various user requirements in mobile network environment.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

We present improved deformation energy to enhance the visual quality of a shape deformation technique, where we preserve the local structure of an input planar shape. The deformation energy, in general, consists of several constraints such as Laplacian coordinate constraint to preserve the quality of deformed silhouette edges, mean value coordinates and edge length constraints to preserve the quality of deformed internal shape, and user-specified position constraints to control the shape deformation. When the positions of user-specified vertices change, shape deformation techniques compute the positions of the other vertices by means of nonlinear least squares optimization to minimize the deformation energy. When a user-specified vertex changes its position rapidly, it is frequently observed that the visual quality of the deformed shape decrease rapidly, which is mainly caused by unnecessary enlargement of the Laplacian vectors and unnecessary change of the edge directions along the boundary of the shape. In this paper, we propose improved deformation energy by prohibiting the Laplacian and edge length constraints from changing unnecessarily. The proposed deformation energy incorporated with well-known optimization technique can enhance the visual quality of shape deformation along the silhouette and within the interior of the planar shape while sacrificing only a little execution time.