• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

The surroundings of livestock farms, including dairy farms, are known to be a major source of development and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To control antibioticresistant bacteria in the livestock breeding environment, farms have installed livestock wastewater treatment facilities to treat wastewater before discharging the final effluent in nearby rivers or streams. These facilities have been known to serve as hotspots for inter-bacterial antibiotic-resistance gene transfer and extensively antibiotic-resistant bacteria, owing to the accumulation of various antibiotic-resistant bacteria from the livestock breeding environment. This review discusses antibiotic usage in livestock farming, including dairy farms, livestock wastewater treatment plants as hotspots for antibiotic resistant bacteria, and nonenteric gram-negative bacteria from wastewater treatment plants, and previous findings in literature.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1965-1971
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• 2016

Livestock wastewater containing high concentrations of ammonium and nitrate ions was pretreated with microbubbles and an Fe/MgO catalyst prior to its application in microbial fuel cells because high ion concentrations can interfere with current generation. Therefore, tests were designed to ascertain the effect of pretreatment on current generation. In initial tests, the optimal amount of catalyst was found to be 300 g/l. When 1,000 ml/min $O_2$ was used as the oxidant, the removal of ammonium- and nitrate-nitrogen was highest. After the operating parameters were optimized, the removal of ammonium and nitrate ions was quantified. The maximum ammonium removal was 32.8%, and nitrate was removed by up to 75.8% at a 500 g/l catalyst concentration over the course of the 2 h reaction time. The current was about 0.5 mA when livestock wastewater was used without pretreatment, whereas the current increased to $2.14{\pm}0.08mA$ when livestock wastewater was pretreated with the method described above. This finding demonstrates that a 4-fold increase in the current can be achieved when using pretreated livestock wastewater. The maximum power density and current density performance were $10.3W/m^3$ and $67.5W/m^3$, respectively, during the evaluation of the microbial fuel cells driven by pretreated livestock wastewater.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.430-434
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• 2001

축산폐수 배양액을 현미경으로 관찰한 결과 축산폐수 내에는 주로 bacillus 계통의 균주들이 존재함을 확인하였고, 미생물 농도 측정을 위하여 630 nm를 최적흡수파장으로 선정하였다. 축산폐수 원액의 접종량(5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%) 및 온도 변화(2$0^{\circ}C$, 37$^{\circ}C$)에 따른 성장곡선을 구한 결과 2$0^{\circ}C$에서는 6~7시간 이후부터, 37$^{\circ}C$에서는 5~6시간 이후부터 세포 농도가 증가하였다. 따라서 축산폐수 내에 존재하는 미생물은 1시간 동안 미생물의 농도(X)가 일정함을 확인하였다. 축산폐수를 10$0^{\circ}C$로 2분 이상 중탕 처리하여 2$0^{\circ}C$ 및 37$^{\circ}C$에서 배양하면 1시간 이내에는 온도에 관계없이 미생물의 동정이 변화 없음을 확인하였다. 축산폐수 내에 존재하는 미생물을 순수하게 분리.여과한 축산폐수의 세포농도는 흡광도 및 건조세포무게와 각각 높은 선형성(98.88% 및 98.98%)을 나타내었다. 이때 축산폐수 원액의 경우에는 0.375 g/L의 건조세포무게 농도가 존재함을 확인하였다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2012

처리공정별 연계처리수질을 검토한 결과 생물학적처리만 거친 생물반응조 처리수의 경우 연계부하율이 $COD_{Mn}$의 경우 1.67%(설계수질 기준), 2.59%(운영수질 기준), T-P의 경우 3.69%(설계수질 기준), 7.67%(운영수질 기준)로 다소 높게 나타났으나 하수처리장 운영에 미치는 영향은 거의 없을 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 고도처리공정인 산화부상분리 처리수 및 생물여과 처리수의 경우 연계부하율은 1% 내외로 고도처리설비 설치 시 과대 설비설치의 우려가 있다. 따라서 S하수처리장의 경제성 및 안정적인 운영을 고려할 경우 생물학적처리인 생물반응조를 거친 처리수를 연계하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.708-713
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the variations of hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic matter fractions in soluble organic matter according to livestock wastewater treatment by ionized gas and coagulation effect to these fractions after ionized gas contact. As a result of experiment, because of ionized gas contact, particle in the surface of livestock wastewater was more smaller and the result was consisted of particle size analysis and the amount of small size was increased. Also, we confirmed that organic matters in livestock wastewater by ionized gas contact were removed. The relation equation between ionized gas contact time(X) and $TCOD_{cr}$(Y) was shown as yscale(y)=3.748-0.431* xscale(X). That between ionized gas contact time(X) and $TCOD_{cr}$(Y) was yscale(y)=3.283-0.463* xscale(X). As respects the HPL(hydrophilic matter)and HPO(hydrophobic matter) fractions of raw in livestock wastewater treatment plant, HPL fraction was 53.2% and HPO fraction was 46.8%. But, HPO fraction according to ionized gas treatment was increased at 30min and after that time, HPL fraction was increased. Also, when we performed coagulation process after ionized gas treatment of raw wastewater, the removal efficiency of organic matter was the highest at 30min of ionized gas treatment because of the variation of HPL and HPO fractions in organic matter by ionized gas. In coagulation process following after ionized gas process, HPO was removed more effective than HPL.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.313-317
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• 2010

The struvite crystallization was applied to remove $NH_4{^+}$ in livestock wastewater. The ammonium ions can be very toxic to the aquatic creatures. In this experiments, the livestock wastewater from Gongju livestock wastewater treatment plant was used. The behaviors of various parameters such as pH, mole ratio of $Mg^{2+}$ : $NH_4{^+}$ : $PO{_4}^{3-}$ and reaction temperature for struvite crystallization of livestock wastewater and the effect of gamma ray irradiation were evaluated. As results, for the pH variation, the $NH_4{^+}$ removal efficiency showed the highest, 88%, at pH 9~9.25. The removal efficiency of $NH_4{^+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $PO{_4}^{3-}$ was showed highest when same molar ratio of $Mg^{2+}$ and $PO{_4}^{3-}$ were applied. The $NH_4{^+}$ removal efficiency showed 82% at $7^{\circ}C$, and 90% at $30^{\circ}C$ with temperature. When the wastewater was irradiated with 20 kGy of gamma ray, $NH_4{^+}$ was removed as much as 83%.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.500-507
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• 2020

This study examined the wastewater at a livestock farm, and found that the dairy wastewater from the milking parlor had a lower concentration than the piggery wastewater, and that it was produced at a rate under 1.3 ㎥/day in a single farmhouse. The amount of dairy wastewater was determined based on the performance of the milking machine, the maintenance method of the milking parlor, and the amount of milk production allocated for each farmhouse, not by the area. The results confirmed that both dairy wastewater treatment processes, specifically those using Hanged Bio-Compactor (HBC) and Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), can fully satisfy the water quality standards of discharge. The dairy wastewater has a lower amount and concentration than piggery wastewater, meaning it is less valuable as liquid fertilizer, but it can be easily degraded using the conventional activated sludge process in a public sewage treatment plant. Therefore, discharging the dairy wastewater after individual treatment was expected to be a more reasonable method than consigning it to the centralized wastewater treatment plant. The effluent after the SBR process showed a lower degree of color than the HBC effluent, which was attributed to biological adsorption. In the case of the milking parlor in the livestock farm, the concentrations of the effluents obtained after HBC and SBR treatments both satisfied water quality standards for the discharge of public livestock wastewater treatment plants at 99% confidence intervals, and the concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorous in untreated wastewater were even lower than the water quality standards of discharge. Therefore, we need to discuss strengthening the water quality standards to reduce environmental pollution.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was done to evaluate degradation characteristics of non-biodegradable organic matters including aromatic compounds in livestock wastewater using CFZ process. The CFZ process is consisted of coagulation/sedimentation, Fenton oxidation and zeolite adsoption process. degradation charateristics of each treatment water including livestock wastewater were analyzed by UV scanning, FT-IR and GC/MS. After coagulation/sedimentation process as 1st treatment, non-biodegradable matters remained after 1st treatment were removed by using OH radical produced in Fenton oxidation process. As a result of treatment using these processes, NBDCOD removal efficiency was over 90%. Increase of $E_2/E_3$ ratio (absorbance at 250 and 365 nm) in each treatment water means that aromaticity of livestock wastewater decreased. In case of GC/MS, most aromatics or polynuclear aromatics like benzene, phenol and scatol in livestock wastewater almost wasn't detected after oxidation using OH radical.

• 환경기술인
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• 통권167호
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• pp.50-53
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• 2000

The Wastewater from livestock farms shows the high organic concentration which was over 3,000mg/L of BOD concentrationin swine wastewater especially. Also the nitrogen concentration and red tide phenomena with phosphorous. Most of the livestock facilities

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 축산폐수와 하수의 연계처리 가능성을 연구하였다 축산폐수와 하수를 2:1로 혼합하고 응집제인 BF02와 응집보조제인 양이온 polymer인 C-210EL를 각각 2 mL, 100 mL씩 주입시 SS 97.6%, T-P 95%로 최적 제거효율을 보였다. Phanerochaete chrysosporium PSBL-1의 처리 특성을 살펴보기 위해서 전처리수를 축산폐수 원수에 대해 10배 희석되도록 하수와 혼합($\fallingdotseq$전처리수:하수=3:17)하였다. 이렇게 혼합된 폐수의 NBDCOD, $NH_3-N$, T-N의 제거율은 pH가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 즉, T-N 농도는 pH 6.7(5일 경과시), pH 8.0(3일 경과시), pH 10.0(1일 경과시)에서 각각 35 mg/L, 51 mg/L, 33 mg/L으로 축산폐수공공처리시설의 방류수허용기준 60 mg/L을 만족하였다. 또한 모든 pH(1일 경과시)에서 $COD_{Mn}$의 방류수허용기준 40 mg/L을 만족했다. V.A.(veratryl alcohol) 첨가시 V.A.를 첨가하지 않은 조건보다 유출수의 유기물 및 질소농도가 높게 측정되었다. $COD_{Mn}$은 C/N비(3:1)를 조절하지 않은 경우 1일 이후, T-N은 C/N비를 $4{\sim}6$으로 조절한 경우 2일 후에 축산폐수공공처리시설 방류수수질기준을 만족하였다.