• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1364-1368
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• 2003

Effect of slaughter age (24, 28 and 38 months of age) on beef color stability during display of m. serratus ventralis, m. psoas major, m. semitendinosus and m. longissimus thoracis from Japanese Black steers was studied. Steak samples from muscles were over-wrapped with PVC film and displayed under fluorescent lights at $4^{\circ}C$ for 12 days. Percentages of metmyoglobin of steak samples were determined at days 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12. The percentage of metmyoglobin of m. psoas major at day 3 of display in the 24 months group was lower (p<0.05) than that in the 38 months group. The percentage of metmyoglobin of m. semitendinosus at day 6 of display in the 38 months group was higher (p<0.05) than that in the other groups. The percentage of metmyoglobin of m. longissimus thoracis at day 3 of display in the 24 months group was lower (p<0.01) than that in the other groups. The percentage of metmyoglobin of m. longissimus thoracis at day 6 (p<0.01), 9 (p<0.01) and 12 (p<0.05) of display in the 38 months group were higher than those in the other groups. Crude fat concentration in m. longissimus thoracis increased (p<0.05) after 28 months of age. $\alpha$-Tocopherol concentration in m. serratus ventralis in the 38 months group was higher (p<0.001) than that in the other groups. In m. psoas major the $\alpha$-tocopherol concentration in the 38 months group was higher (p<0.05) than that in the 24 months group. The $\alpha$-tocopherol concentration in m. longissimus thoracis increased (p<0.001) with age. These results suggested that in spite of increase in both the crude fat and the $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations in m. longissimus thoracis, the beef color stability during display became short with age.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.229-235
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• 1992

The usefulness of a portable linear electronic scanner. B-mode ultrasonic machine, was evaluated for estimating the longissimus muscle area from ultrasonic measurement of the muscle depth in 22 live pigs. The electronic scanner was easy to operate for muscle measurements in live pigs, which did not have to be held but were caged. The cross-sectional images of longissimus muscle and covering muscles and fat appeared on the monitor with grey scale in real time. It was easy to identify the ultrasonograms of fat and muscular tissues because the images differed in the degree of the grey scale. The longissimus muscle had less echogenic image than the other muscles. The boundary lines between first, second or third layers of backfat and the longissimus muscle were distinct on the ultrasonogram. The ultrasonic measurement at the shoulder was not acceptable because of the unstable measurements and the complex tissue structure. The repeatabilities for the measurements of longissimus muscle depth at one-half body length and last rib were acceptable. The simple correlation coefficients between ultrasonic estimates of the muscle depth in live pigs and the actual areas in the carcass, were 0.50 and 0.55 at the last rib and the one-half body length, respectively. Therefore, those positions were similarly suitable to measure. The method of electronic scanner for determining longissimus muscle area from the muscle depth was suitable for practical use in the field because of the simple and inexpensive technique.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1309-1314
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• 2004

The red carotenoid, astaxanthin was studied to improve the meat quality of broiler chickens. Astaxanthin pigmented chickens and delayed oxidation of lipid in them. Two sources of astaxanthin were used to pigment broiler chickens in a five-wk feeding trial: biological astaxanthin (BA) from the red yeast, Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, and chemical astaxanthin (CA) from chemical synthesis. The concentrations of CA (45 mg/kg feed) and BA (22.5 mg/kg feed) were set to give similar levels of pigmentation. The colorimetric values (a and b) of breast muscles were significantly changed by astaxanthin (p${\leq}$0.01). Absorption and accumulation of BA were higher than those of CA, probably due to the high contents of lipids in the yeast (17%). Lipid peroxide formation in skin was significantly decreased by astaxanthin (p${\leq}$0.05). This result indicated that the production of lipid peroxides in the carcasses of broiler chickens during storage could be delayed by astaxanthin. Therefore, astaxanthin could be used as an antioxidant as well as a colorant for broiler chickens.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2004년도 제21차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.21-22
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• 2004

본 연구는 proteomics의 방법을 이용하여 가금의 육질과 관련된 단백질을 찾고자 수행하였다. 인삼부산물을 급이한 실용재래계와 대조구와의 비교에서 육질과 관련된 3개의 후보 단백질이 이 연구를 통해 밝혀졌다. 이 유전자들은 tropomyosin, triosephosphate isomerase와 한 개의 기능이 밝혀지지 않은 단백질이었다. 각각의 기능을 살펴볼 때 이 유전자들은 근육의 성장과 면역의 증강에 관여하며 이 결과는 인삼부산물을 이용하여 가금의 육질을 향상시키는 단백질 마커로 중요하게 이용이 될 수 있을 것으로 추정된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.575-580
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• 2003

We determined the effect of caponization on the carcass and giblet characteristics, and skin and muscle color in Taiwan country chicken cockerels. Caponized birds were surgically altered at 10 weeks old and were fed growing and finishing diets ad libitum during an eighteen-week experimental period. The results showed that the percentage of dressing, heart, feet, thigh, head and neck were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the intact birds, while the capons had a higher (p<0.05) percentage of abdominal fat, intestine, back, wing and breast. Eviscerated weight, breast width, gizzard, liver and spleen ratios were not affected by the treatments. The breast skin color values for lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values in the capons were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in the intact birds, but the thigh and back skin were not significantly（p>0.05）different. Compared with the intact birds, the capons had a significantly (p<0.05) less redness (a*) values in the back skin, but were not significantly (p>0.05) different in the breast and thigh skin. The L* value of the thigh muscle was significantly (p<0.05) greater in the capons than in the intact birds, but were not significantly (p>0.05) different in breast and back muscles. The b* values in the breast, back and thigh muscles of the capons were significantly (p<0.05) greater whereas the intact birds had a higher (p<0.05) a* values in the breast, back, and thigh muscles. Moreover, our findings also indicate that the castration resulted in a significant alteration in dressing percentage, carcass region and organ percentage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1127-1134
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• 2007

Gels were made from surimi-like pork (SLP) made from muscles obtained at 1, 24 and 72 h post-mortem. The SLP from pre-rigor muscle had higher pH and moisture percentage compared to in- or post-rigor muscles. Also, SLP from pre-rigor muscle showed higher concentration of water-soluble protein that was washed out during the process. Gel from post-rigor muscle exhibited higher a* and b* value, and also resulted in higher Chroma and lower hue values. The dark color of gel from post-rigor muscle was related to higher concentration of sarcoplasmic protein in SLP and denser structure in the gel matrix. SDS-PAGE showed higher intensity of the phosphorylase in the sarcoplasmic protein fraction from pre-rigor muscle. Gel from post-rigor muscle showed higher hardness and sensory firmness, and the greater firmness was related to higher concentration of protein in SLP, and a compact network with smaller pockets in the gel matrix.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1849-1858
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• 2021

Objective: Tenderness is a very complex feature, and the process of its formation is very complicated and not fully understood. Its diversification is one of the most important problems of beef production, as a result beef aging is widely used to improve tenderness as it is believed to provide a homogeneous product to consumers. While few studies have evaluated the muscle structure properties in relation to tenderness from early post-mortem, there little to no information available on how the muscle nanostructure of beef carcasses changes during post-mortem ageing to determine the appropriate aging time for acceptable tenderness. Methods: Muscle nanostructure (myofibril diameter [MYD], myofibril spacing [MYS], muscle fibre diameter [MFD], muscle fibre spacing [MFS], and sarcomere length [SL]), meat tenderness and cooking loss [CL]) were measured on 20 A2 longissimus muscles of Bonsmara, Beefmaster, Hereford, and Simbra at 45_mins, 1, 3, and 7 days post-slaughter. Muscle nanostructure was measured using a scanning electron microscope, while tenderness was measured using Warner Bratzler shear force. Results: At 45 minutes post-slaughter, breed affected MYD and MYS only, while at 24_hrs it also affected MFD and MFS. On day 3 breed effected MFS and SL, while on day 7 breed effected tenderness only. As the muscles matured, both MYD and MYS decreased while CL increased, and the muscles became tender. There was no uniformity on muscle texture features (surface structure, fibre separation, muscle contraction, and relaxation) throughout the ageing period. Conclusion: Meat tenderness can be directly linked to breed related myofibril structure changes during aging in particular the MYD, spacing between myofibrils and their interaction; while the MFD, spacing between muscle fibres, SL, and CL explain the non-uniformity in beef tenderness.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 자돈(6.3 kg) 비육 출하시(110 kg)까지 식이유황의 급여가 돈육 품질특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 3원교잡종$(Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc)$ 135두를 각 처리구 마다 45두씩(돈방당 15두)배치하여 158일간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 대조구는 식이유황 무첨가, 처리구 1은 300ppm, 처리구 2는 500ppm 첨가하여 급여하였다. 급여기간이 끝난 후 일괄적으로 함양도축장에서 도축하여 돈육의 등심부위를 wrap으로 함기포장하여 냉장온도$(4^{\circ}C)$에서 8일간 저장하면서 품질특성과 관련된 각 실험항목을 조사하였다. 지방산화는 저장기간 동안 대조구에 비하여 유황 급여 처리구가 낮은 지방산화를 보였으며, 저장기간에 따른 비교에서는 모든 처리구가 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 관능적 특성 중 근내지방 함량과 전체적인 기호성은 유황 500ppm급여 처리구가 대조구와 유황 300ppm급여 처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였다. 저장기간의 경과에 따른 변화에서는 모든 처리구가 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 무기물 중 Na, Mg 및 Ca함량은 대조구에 비하여 유황 급여 수준이 증가할수록 함량이 유의적으로 감소하는 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). Fe, Cu 및 Zn 함량은 대조구에 비하여 유황 급여 처리구가 유의적으로 높은 함량을 보였다(p<0.05). S 함량은 대조구에 비하여 유황 급여수준이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 아미노산 함량은 대조구와 유황 급여 처리구간에 뚜렷한 경향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 지방산 조성 중 palmitic, stearic과 oleic acid 함량은 대조구에 비하여 유황 급여 처리구가 유의적으로 높은 함량을 보였으며(p<0.05), 반면에 linoleic와 linolenic acid 함량은 유황 급여수준이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 포화지방산 함량은 유황 급여수준이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 반면에 불포화지방산 함량은 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 요약하면 식이유황 급여는 돈육 등심의 품질특성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1291-1295
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• 2004

Histology and transmission electron microscopy studies were carried out on buffalo muscles that were subjected to repeated freeze-thaw cycles at -10 and $-18^{\circ}C$. In the first freeze thaw cycle ($-10^{\circ}C$) structures of muscle showed slight change and closely resembled to those of normal muscle. There were frequent gaps in the half way across the fibres and some cracks in individual fibre were also noticed in second freeze thaw cycle. In the muscle frozen at $-18^{\circ}C$, more pronounced shrinkage with extensive damage of fibres with tearing was observed. The interfibrillar gaps were wider, shrinkage and tearing of the fibres were more distinct after second freeze-thaw cycle. After the second cycle, the interior portion showed large scale degradation of the ultrastructure. Our studies of buffalo muscle showed that under the proper condition, little structural damage takes place in the meat histology and ultrastructure under repeated freeze-thaw conditions. This study adds continued weight to the evidence that limited freeze-thaw cycles will not deteriorate the quality of meat.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1999

In a flocks of broiler, 29 days old, was submitted to Iksan-branch, Livestock Development and Research Institute of Chonbuk province. Grossly, their feathers were ruffled and multiful hemorrhage were presented in the thigh and pectoral muscles. There were multifocal foci on the liver surface and enlarged and edematous on bursa of Fabricius. The coagulative materials, which were blood-tinged, were filled in cecum, and Eimeria oocysts were detected in the cecal contents. Microscopically, macrogametes were noted in the cecum, degeneration and necrosis of lymphocytes in the medullary area of bursal follicles, and multifocal necrosis of hepatocytes. There were positive in the infectious bursal disease(IBD) through selologic test and Salmonella gallinarum were detected. This report is a mixed infection case of coccidium, IBD and fowl typhoid in a flocks of broiler.