• 제목/요약/키워드: livestock management

검색결과 723건 처리시간 0.025초

Effect of Pre-partum Feeding of Crossbred Cows on Growth Performance, Metabolic Profile and Immune Status of Calves

  • Panigrahi, B.;Pandey, H.N.;Pattanaik, A.K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제18권5호
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    • pp.661-666
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    • 2005
  • The effects of pre-partum feeding management in terms of birth weight, growth, metabolic profile and immunity of calves were studied using 24 crossbred (Bos taurus${\times}$Bos indicus) cows, divided into three equal groups. The dietary treatments included feeding of either 3.0 kg concentrate/head/d throughout the 60 d pre-partum (T$_1$), or 3.0 kg concentrate during 60-22 d pre-partum and thereafter at an increased allowance at 0.25 kg/d during the next 21 d till it reached 1% of live weight (T$_2$). The third group of cows was fed similar to T$_2$, except that the concentrate feeding during 60-22 d pre-partum was reduced to 2.0 kg (T$_3$). All the groups had access to ad libitum green fodder throughout. The results revealed that the mean daily dry matter (DM) intake by the cows was similar (p>0.05) among the three groups during the 60 days of the pre-partum but T2 animals tended to gain more live weight (41.25 kg) than T$_1$ (38.12 kg) and T$_3$ (36.25 kg). The body condition score of the cows did not change appreciably over the experimental period. The mean birth weight of the calves was 24.00${\pm}$1.10, 24.63${\pm}$1.17 and 23.25${\pm}$1.19 kg for the three groups, respectively, with the corresponding average daily gain of 154.2, 155.0 and 169.7 g during the subsequent 60 days; both these parameters did not vary significantly ascribable to prepartum feeding regimens of their dams. The total immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration in the colostrum was 6.31${\pm}$0.34, 5.80${\pm}$0.21 and 6.13${\pm}$0.30 g/dl for the three groups, respectively, showing no influence of dietary treatments. The mean serum Ig levels (T$_1$ 2.10${\pm}$0.09, T$_2$ 2.05${\pm}$0.09 and T$_3$ 2.10${\pm}$0.12 g/dl) of calves at 5 d of age were similar among the dietary groups as was the case with various serum biochemical constituents. It is concluded that the variations in pre-partum dietary management elicited no significant influence on the calf performance including the immune status.

연안 양식장 퇴적물의 비료화를 위한 알카리 안정화 공법의 적용 (Application of Alkaline Stabilization Processes for Organic Fertilizer of Coastal Sediments)

  • 김정배;최우정;이필용;김창숙;이희정;김형철
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제33권6호
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    • pp.508-513
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    • 2000
  • 알카리 안정화방법에 의거하여 양식장 퇴적물을 농업용 유기질 비료로 사용하기 위한 기초연구로서 제조과정에 따른 비료의 유효성분 및 중금속농도를 분석하고, 비료의 유해성 여부를 평가하였다. 퇴적물과 축산분뇨 혼합율 및 첨가제의 양을 달리하여 비료를 제조한 결과 생석회 $30{\%}$ 첨가시 건중량비 1 : 4 이었을 때가 최적의 반응조건 이었다. 또한, 알카리 안정화제로서 수산화 마그네슘도 영양분의 보강제 측면에서 사용될 수 있음을 보여 주었다. 제조된 퇴적물 조비료는 질소 및 칼륨 함량을 기준으로 할 때 중급 내지 고급 비료로 평가되었으며, 칼슘과 마그네슘의 함량은 고급 비료에 속하였다. 이상의 결과들은 알카리 안정화 방법으로 양식장 퇴적물을 유기질 비료로 전환 생산할 수 있음을 제시한다. 또한 알카리 안정화에 의해 제조된 비료내의 중금속 및 병원성균에 의한 유해성은 없는 것으로 나타났다.

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Key Performance Indicators to Diagnose Poor Farm Performance and Profitability of Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Asia

  • Moran, John B.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제22권12호
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    • pp.1709-1717
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    • 2009
  • This review presents a series of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) to assist Asian smallholder dairy farmers in identifying the possible causes for their poor farm performance and profitability. When assessing farm profitability, these indicators can be split into two types, those diagnosing problems with feeding management and those indicating poor herd management. As home grown forage is generally cheaper to source than purchased forage, the more produced on farm, the better. Too many stock on limited land is a common feature on Asian dairy small holdings. Unlike other classes of livestock, milking cows have very high nutrient requirements, therefore high quality forages and concentrates are essential for profitable dairying. Milk income less feed cost is one of the simplest and easy to measure indicators of farm profitability and is also quick to respond to small changes in farm practices. Problems with herd management can be diagnosed using measures such as the proportion of cows actually milking in the herd or their peak yield and persistency of production. There are also simple indicators of herd reproductive performance and of health and growth of young stock that assist in searching for the underlying causes of poor farm profitability.

Smallholder Dairy Production Systems in Developing Countries : Characteristics, Potential and Opportunities for Improvement - Review -

  • Devendra, C.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.104-113
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    • 2001
  • Smallholder dairy production systems in developing countries are discussed with reference to type of systems, their characteristics, potential, and opportunities for improvement. Three types of dairy systems are identified and described: smallholder systems, smallholder cooperative dairy production systems, and intensive dairy production systems. The first two systems are by far the most important, and are associated with increasing intensification. Buffaloes are especially important in South Asia, but elsewhere dairy production mainly involves Holstein-Friesian cross-bred cattle. Dairy goats are important in some countries, but are generally neglected in development programmes. The expansion and intensification of smallholder dairy production is fueled by increased demand for milk with associated problems of milk handling and distribution, hygiene and environmental pollution. The major constraints to production are inter alia, choice of species, breeds and availability of animals; feed resources and improved feeding systems; improved breeding, reproduction, and animal health care; management of animal manure, and organised marketing, and market outlets. These constraints provide major opportunities and challenges for research and development to increase dairy production, efficient management of natural resources, and improved livelihoods of poor farmers. Specific areas for research are identified, as also the need of a holistic focus involving interdisciplinary research and integrated natural resource management, in a shared partnership between farmers and scientists that can demonstrate increased productivity and sustainable production systems. Suggestions for performance indicators in smallholder dairy production systems are indicated.

개체관리를 위한 인덕터 전송방식의 개체인식 시스템 개발 (Development of Individual Electronic Identification System Using the Inductive Transmission Method for Stockbreeding Management)

  • 고석철;한병성;이재;김용준;이수영
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제27권5호
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    • pp.451-458
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    • 2002
  • This paper introduces that livestock can be effectively managed by an individual electronic identification system. The proposed system was composed of the original code transmitter, receiver, personal computer, micro-processor, and RS485 telecommunications module. In the individual electronic identification system, the signal including encoded information of a milk-cow was transmitted from an original code transmitter to a micro-processor through RS485 telecommunications module. The transmitted signal can be successfully displayed in a personal computer. This system can be managed by 9999 individuals with a original code transmitter. The recognition rate of an individual electronic identification system was 98.5% and also auto-feeder operates very well. an individual electronic identification system was developed for automation of stockbreeding management. To automate the breeding management, it is necessary to obtain and analyze the individual information distinguished from others preferentially.

양봉농가 표준 경영과 마케팅 진단표 개발 (The Development of Beekeeping Farm Management and Marketing Standard Diagnostic Checklist)

  • 이철휘;송전의;장현동;최칠구;김웅;최재혁;허무열;권세혁;황수연
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제13권10호
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    • pp.115-122
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    • 2015
  • Purpose - This study was conducted to develop a beekeeping farm management standard checklist. This is essential to increase the competitive power of beekeeping farmers. Checklists in relation to crops and livestock were established by the Rural Development Administration in the 2000s. To date, 60 checklists have been created by crop and livestock experts. However, other farmers outside the 60 checklists are increasing. Therefore, extra development is required for these farmers. This study was conducted to meet farmers' requirements. The special farming dealt with in this study is beekeeping. Such checklists were not developed due to the small number of beekeeping farmers. However, these days, a number of such farmers are emerging. Research design, data, and methodology - Many related experts participated in this study. This study was conducted in four stages. First, a basic outline of beekeeping was created by surveying many kinds of beekeeping experts. The draft of the beekeeping checklist was created by a secondary advisory council. This draft was then sent to 14 beekeeping experts to confirm whether or not it was suitable as a management checklist. For collecting the experts' opinions, a direct visit survey was done through an arranged questionnaire. Additionally, a basic management checklist blueprint was reviewed by many experts. In the third stage, a Delphi survey method was utilized with a special Delphi questionnaire. In this stage, experts who participated in the first and second stages were excluded. As there were uncertain answers among them, a second Delphi survey was done. As a result of this survey, all answers were agreed among them. Results - From the results of this survey, four subjects in the management accomplishment index were determined. These are farming scale, average product per beehive, the sale price of honey (1kg), and the number of bee plates in the beehive. In the case of the management checklist content, five items were determined. These are beekeeping farming facilities, the environment around the farm land and general management, the product management of the beekeeping harvest, the management of the disease and pest, and farming management. This checklist will be utilized for beekeeping farmers to implement in a management situation. Conclusions - These days, the number of beekeeping farmers is increasing. The management checklist for beekeeping farmers will be used to improve their farming situation and marketing. Beekeeping farmers can understand their management by reviewing their checklist. After checking, the situation of management can be analyzed. Farmers can supplement weaknesses with expert advice. This checklist will be used by agricultural technique extension workers for farming management consulting. This checklist has to be complemented by a change in the management of the environment. This checklist will be delivered to beekeeping farmers after a verification survey is done. The result of the checklist score will be utilized for a benchmarking service to be implemented for beekeeping farmers to utilize.

광역친환경농업단지의 경축순환자원 양분관리 (Management of Recycled Nutrient Resources using Livestock Waste in Large-Scale Environment-Friendly Agricultural Complex)

  • 문영훈;안병구;정성수
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제45권2호
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    • pp.177-184
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    • 2012
  • 광역친환경농업단지의 경축순환자원 활용실태를 파악하기 위해 전북 완주군 고산광역친환경농업단지의 토양특성과 축분퇴비 소요량 등을 조사하였다. 주요작물 재배면적은 2,353 ha (벼 1,398 ha, 감 189 ha 등)이며 이 가운데 친환경 참여면적은 402.9 ha이고, 주요 축종사육은 한우 21,077, 젖소 1,099, 돼지 32,993마리 등 총 58,955 마리이었다. 경축자원화센터에 유입되는 분뇨는 한우, 돼지 각각 6,000 마리, 닭 200,000 마리 참여로 일일 32 Mg이고, 퇴비생산량은 연간 9,600톤이며, 비료성분은 T-N 1.4%, $P_2O_5$ 2.7%, $K_2O$ 2.1%, MgO 0.9%, CaO 2.5% 이었다. 친환경농업단지 내에서 소모되는 퇴비량은 6,588 Mg이었다. 친환경농업단지의 토양화학성분은 논의 경우 pH는 78.1%, 밭 58.2%, 과수원 60.3%, 비가림시설 재배지 62.1%가 적정범위였다. 유기물은 논의 경우 41.7%, 밭 46.5%, 과수원 40.5%, 비가림시설재배지 81.4%가 과잉으로 나타났다. 유효인산은 밭토양을 제외하고 64.9~91.7%가 과잉으로 나타났으며, 치환성 $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$은 과수원과 비가림시설재배지에서 53.2~70.2%가 과잉인 것으로 나타났다. 비가림시설 재배지의 토양화학성은 2년차 이후에 증가폭이 컸으며, 모든 농경지의 중금속 함량은 토양오염우려기준을 초과한 경우는 없었다. 친환경농업단지의 미생물분포는 일반농경지 보다 높았고, 호기성균의 경우 친환경농업단지의 밭과 과수원토양에서 가장 높았다.

젖소액비 시용방법이 담근먹이 옥수수와 수수 × 수단그라스 잡종의 생산성 및 토양특성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Application Method of Dairy Liquid Manure on Productivity of Silage Corn and Sorghum × Sudangrass Hybrid and Soil Characteristics)

  • 신재순;이혁호;신동은;조영무;정의수;이종경;윤세형
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.333-338
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    • 1999
  • 본 시험은 사일리지용 옥수수와 수수 $\times$ 수단그라스에 대해서 젖소액비 시용방법에 따른 작물생산성과 토양변화에 미치는 영향을 구명코자, 1996년 3월부터 1997년 11월까지 2년동안 축산기술연구소 사료작물 포장에서 수행되었다. 간장에 있어서 두 작목 모두 기비로 화학비료, 추비로 액비를 시용한 구(T4)가 각각 260cm와 246cm로 가장 길었다. 반면 엽장과 엽폭은 사일리지용 옥수수의 화학비료 표준구(T1)가 각각 85cm와 10.9cm로 가장 높았고, 수수 $\times$ 수단그라스에서의 엽폭에서는 T1, 엽장에서는 전량 액비시용구(T2)에서 높았다. 조단백질 함량은 두 작목 모두 화학비료표준구(T1)가 각각 6.5%와 8.9%로 높았지만, 가소화양분비율에서는 두 작목 모두 T3구에서 각각 73.8%와 59.0%로 높게 나타났다. TDN 수량에서 사일리지 옥수수의 경우, 화학비료구(9.5톤/ha)와 액비시용구(8.4~9.3톤/ha) 사이에서는 유의적인 수량차이는 인정되지 않았지만, 수수 $\times$ 수단그라스 교잡종구에서는 화학비료구(T1)의 12.6톤/ha 보다 기비로 화학비료, 추비로 액비를 사용한 구(T4)가 13.3톤/ha로 유의성이 인정되었다(p<0.05). 한편 토양중 pH는 두 작목 모두 시험전이 시험 후 보다 높았으며 유기물 함량은 시험 후에서 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 유효인산 함량과 다른 양이온 함량은 액비 사용방법에 따라 일정한 경향이 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 토양적인 면과 영양수량적인 면을 고려할 때 사일리지 옥수수에서는 화학비료구와 액비사용형태멸로는 차이가 없었으며, 수수 $\times$ 수단그라스 교잡종에서는 기비로 화학비료, 추비로 액비를 사용한 구가 우수하였다.

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가축분 퇴비와 어분 액비 시용이 유기농 오이 생육 및 토양환경에 미치는 영향 (Assessment of Soil Properties and Growth of Organically Cultivated Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) with Applications of Livestock Manure Compost and Fish Meal Liquid Fertilizer)

  • 안난희;조정래;이상민;남홍식
    • 유기물자원화
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.23-31
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    • 2018
  • 유기농 오이의 안정생산을 위한 양분관리 방법으로 가축분 퇴비와 어분액비 시용이 오이 생육과 토양환경에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 시험은 가축분 퇴비 100% (LC100), 가축분 퇴비 50% + 어분액비 50% (LC50 + LF50), 가축분 퇴비 50% (LC50), 화학비료 (NPK), 그리고 무비 (NF) 등 5처리로 하여 처리구별 토양 화학성, 토양미생물 군집 변화, 그리고 오이 생육 및 수량을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 토양화학성의 경우에는LC50 + LF50 처리는 LC100 처리와는 EC 함량을 제외하고는 통계적인 유의차가 없었으며 화학비료 처리와는 pH를 제외하고 통계적인 유의차를 나타냈다. 토양 미생물 군집의 경우에는 미생물 밀도는 처리에 따른 통계적 유의차가 없었으며 Microbial biomass C 함량은 NF, NPK 처리에 비해 가축분 퇴비, 액비와 같은 유기물 시용구에서 높게 나타났다. 각 처리에 의한 오이 생육을 비교한 결과, 오이 초장과 생체중은 LC100, LC50 + LF50, 그리고 NPK 처리간에는 통계적인 유의차가 없었으나 NF와 LC50 처리와는 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다. 오이 수량은 NPK 처리가 7,397 kg/10a으로 가장 많았지만 LC50 + LF50, 그리고 LC100 처리와는 통계적인 유의차가 없었다. 이러한 결과로부터 유기농 오이 재배에서 가축분 퇴비와 어분액비 시용으로 양분관리가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

전자식별칩(RF-ID)을 이용한 한우 생산이력추적시스템 도입 (Establishment of Hanwoo(Korean Cattle, Bos taurus, Linn.) Traceability System Using Radio Frequency Identification(RF-ID))

  • 서강석;김시동;이정규;손영곤;;최태정
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제50권1호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 전자식별칩(RF-ID)를 활용한 생산이력추적 시스템을 도입하여 가축의 생산, 도축, 가공 및 유통단계에 있어 효율성을 증진시키고 소비자들에게 질 좋고 위생적인 한우육을 제공할 수 있도록 발전시키기 위하여 수행하였다. 생산이력추적 시스템의 기본이 되는 새로운 개체식별 바코드, 등록번호 및 농장번호를 고려하여 관리, 자료의 수집과 저장이 용이하도록 설계되었다. 특히 이 시스템은 1) 가축관리를 위하여 표준 전자 식별칩(RF-ID), 표준이표, 마이크로칩 그리고 이표식별 장비를 제공하고, 2) 한우육 상표 보장을 통해 소비자를 보호하고 3) 품질 좋은 한우육을 생산하는 농가에게 인센티브를 제공하고 4) 국가적 개체관리에 있어 획일한 시스템을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 몇몇 농가조합에 적용한 결과와 모 백화점에서 실시한 시범사업 결과 RF-ID 시스템 사용에 대한 가능성을 볼 수 있었다.