• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.442-454
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• 2017

우리나라 식품소비 패턴이 육류 위주로 증가함으로써 축산업이 크게 성장하였으나, 수입 축산물 시장의 개방으로 국내 축산 제품의 가격 경쟁력 확보 방안이 시급한 시점이다. 따라서 생산비의 가장 큰 부분을 차지하고 있는 사료 원가 절감의 문제는 축산업 생태계에서 해결해야 하는 중요한 과제이다. 본 연구의 목적은 축산업의 스마트 팜을 지원하는 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 IoT에 기반 하여 축산 사료의 측정 장치를 개발하고, 자동 주문 및 배송 시스템을 구현하여 관련 영역의 효율성을 극대화할 수 있는 방안을 제안하였다. 구체적으로는 첫째, 초음파 센서와 온도/습도 측정 센서를 이용하여 사료 저장소인 피드빈 내 사료 잔량과 온/습도 정보를 수집하는 센서를 개발하였다. 둘째, 그 정보를 축산농가에 설치된 게이트웨이를 거쳐 SCM 서버에 전송할 수 있는 방법을 구현하였다. 셋째, 서버에 저장된 축산농가의 정보를 활용하여 사료의 자동 주문 및 배송이 가능한 서비스 방안을 구현하였다. 본 연구는 기존의 방법보다 용이하고 가격 경쟁력이 있는 방안으로서, 축산업의 다양한 영역에서 보다 다양한 IoT 활용 서비스와 경쟁력 강화 방안이 도출되는데 도움이 될 것이다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2014

국내 최대 상수원인 팔당호는 하천형 호소로 분류되며, 팔당호 수질은 외부오염원의 영향이 크다. 이에 본 연구에서는 팔당호 상류지역의 오염원 분포와 오염물질 유출특성을 분석하여 BOD와 TP 관리를 위한 중점관리 오염원을 선정하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 11개 단위유역에 대한 오염원별 발생부하량과 배출부하량을 조사하고, 74개 소하천의 수질 유량 측정결과를 이용하여 유달부하량과 유역면적당 유달부하 밀도를 분석하였다. 오염원별 BOD, TP 발생부하량과 배출부하량, 유달부하량을 분석한 결과, BOD 발생부하량은 축산계가 66.0%로 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였고, BOD 배출부하량은 생활계가 42.7%를 차지하였으며, BOD 유달부하량은 축산계와 생활계가 각각 36.4%, 34.3%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. TP 발생부하량과 배출부하량, 유달부하량 모두 축산계에서 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였으며, 각각 82.5%, 44.4%, 46.7%로 나타났다. 또한 BOD 유달부하밀도는 인구밀도가 높은 경안천 유역이 $14.6kg/km^2/d$으로 가장 높았고, TP 유달부하밀도는 가축사육두수가 많은 청미천 유역이 $1.23kg/km^2/d$이 가장 높게 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 팔당호 수질개선을 위해서는 생활오수와 가축분뇨를 중심으로 오염원관리가 필요하며 경안천 유역은 생활오수에 대한 관리가 필요하고 남한강 유역, 특히 청미천 유역은 가축분뇨에 대한 관리가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2021

The particulate matters (PM₁₀ and PM_2.5) and ammonia emitted from livestock farms as dispersed to urban and residential areas can increase the public's concern over the health problem, social conflicts, and air quality. Understanding the atmospheric dispersion of such matters is important to prevent the problems for the regulatory purposes. In this study, AERMOD modeling was performed to predict the dispersion of livestock particulate matters and ammonia in Gwangju metropolitan city and five surrounding cities. The five cities were divided into 40 sub-zones to model the area-based emissions which varied with the number of livestock farms, species and growth stages of the animals. As a result, the concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and ammonia resulted from livestock farms located in the surrounding cities were 2.00 ㎍ m^-3, 0.30 ㎍ m^-3 and 0.04 ppm in the southwestern part of Gwangju based on the average concentration of 1 hour. These values accounted for 0.7% of PM₁₀ concentration, 0.5% of PM_2.5 concentration, and 0.4% of the ammonia concentration in Gwangju, contributing to a small amount of air pollution compared to other sources. As preventive measures, the plantation was applied to high emission source areas to reduce particulate matters and ammonia emissions by 35% and 31%, respectively, and resulted in decrease of the area of influence by 57% for particulate matters and 59% for ammonia.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.353-362
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• 2018

주기적으로 발생하는 가축전염병으로 인한 국가적 손실이 매우 크다. 또한 우리나라에서 차량이동이 가축전염병의 주요 원인인 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 같은 상황에서, 본 연구는 축산차량의 이동 네트워크에서 축산시설의 구조적 위치와 전염병의 발생 사이의 관계를 실증분석하였다. 이를 위하여 KAHIS에서 제공하는 축산차량의 시설 진입 데이터를 활용하여 축산차량 이동 네트워크를 구축하였다. 구축된 네트워크에서 시설별로 중심성 지표를 도출하고, 전염병이 발생한 시설과 비발생 시설의 지표 평균을 비교하였다. 분석결과 첫번째 가설인 "전염병 발생시설의 연결정도 중심성은 비발생 시설보다 크다."는 옳은 것으로 나타났다. 전체시점과 시점별 분석을 실시한 결과 대부분의 자료에서 가축전염병이 발생한 시설의 연결정도 중심성이 비발생 시설에 비하여 통계적으로 크게 나타났다. 두 번째 가설인 "HPAI에서 발생시설과 비발생시설 사이의 연결중심성 차이가 FMD에서의 차이보다 작다."는 전체시점 자료에서 옳은 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 시점을 나누어서 분석한 결과에서는 뚜렷한 차이를 찾을 수 없었다. 연구의 결과에 따른 정책적 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 연결정도 중심성에 기반한 시설의 사전 관리가 필요하다. 두 번째, 우제류 농가의 경우 연결중심성에 기반한 관리정책의 도입이 보다 시급하다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 1996

The productivity and utilization of four different grasdlegume pastures for grazing management were examined. The pasture mixtures used in this study were orchardgrass + ladino clover (Tl), orchardgrass + alfalfa (T2), perennial ryegrass + alfalfa (T3), and orchardgrass (T4, without legumes) respectively. The pastures were mtationally grazed 7 times with growing cow which had an initial weight of ca 243kg. The gmwth of pasture plants, dry matter (DM) yield, DM distribution, daily DM production, and pasture utilization were investigated at the NLRI, in Suwon, from April to October in 1991 and 1992. The average plant height at each grazing was 32-33m. The average DM content was 17.8%, wil the lowest in TI (16.4%) and highest in T3 and T4 (18.4%). The annual DM production were 9,609 kg (T3), 9,420 kg (Tl), 9,402 kg (T2), and 9,194 kgha (T4) in that order, but no significant differences were found in forage yield between treatments. Most of forage DM was produced in spring season, particularly in May. The daily DM production was highest in May (81.9kg), and lowest in August (33.0kg/ha). The average efficiency of pasture utilization was about 79%, with the lowest in TI (77%), and highest level of utilization was observed in T4 (82%). In this experiment, production and utilization of each pastures were observed similarly. However, the forage nutritive value, botanical composition, and animal performance as affected by different pasture mixtures for suitable grazing management are needed to ascertain.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three herb supplementations on blood metabolites, hormones, antioxidant activity, immunoglobulin (Ig) G concentration, and ruminal fermentation in steers. Four Holstein steers in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design received four herb treatments. The treatments consisted of the steers' regular diets with addition of: 1) nothing (control), 2) peppermint, 3) clove, and 4) lemongrass at 5% of the diet (DM basis). Clove supplementation increased the plasma concentration of cholesterol by about 10% (from 79 to 87 mg/dl). Peppermint and lemongrass feeding resulted in an increase in the concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen (from 5.9 to 6.9 and 6.4 mg/dl, respectively). The three herb treatments had no effect on other metabolites and hormones. Steers receiving clove supplementation showed a higher plasma antioxidant activity. The three herb treatments caused lower concentrations of IgG in the blood. Peppermint and lemongrass feedings increased, and clove feeding decreased ruminal concentrations of ammonia. There were no significant differences in VFA concentrations among herbal treatments, except for the decrease in propionate concentration in steers receiving clove treatment. This study suggested that clove feeding changed cholesterol metabolism and increased antioxidant activity in plasma, and feeding of three herbs affected immunity system and ruminal fermentation in steers.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2007

The slaughter process for cattle will inevitably transfer some bacteria onto the carcasses. The goal of food safety programs is to minimize and effectively remove this contamination. This study was attempted by the Verif $EYE^{TM}$ machine-vision technology that might be useful for reducing microbial indicator counts and could reduce the contamination chance of E coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp on beef carcasses. For the evaluation of the effectiveness of the Verif $EYE^{TM}$ technology, 80 samples were examined by the inspection device over 15 days. On an examination of FDS-positive samples compared to negative controls from the same carcasses, aerobic plate counts were bigger than the negative control samples (5.26 vs 4.60 log). Enterobacteriaceae counts were greater on the positive samples than the corresponding negative control samples (2.07 vs 1.17log). There was a consistent correlation between samples detected by the Verif $EYE^{TM}$ system with detectable counts. For example, 100% of positive samples had detectable APC and 91.2% of positive samples had detectable TCC. Therefore, if areas detected as positive for contamination by the Verif $EYE^{TM}$ system were removed from the carcasses, significant sources of microbial contamination will be reduced for objective compliance with HACCP. This results suggest that the use of Verif $EYE^{TM}$ machine-vision technology might be useful for reducing microbial indicator counts (APC, TCC) and could help reduce the risk of presence of E coJi O157:H7 and Salmonella spp on Beef carcasses.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2021

Recently, the deterioration of water quality in Wonju stream has been reported due to the increase in diverse pollution sources along with community development and urbanization. Various types of attempts with a huge budget were made for better water quality so far, but its effectiveness is still doubted. In order to establish site-oriented measures for water quality improvement, the topographic and hydrologic factors were evaluated based on site inspection and survey. As the major streams merged into the Wonju stream, the Hwa and Heungyang streams were found to have higher pollution loads and contributions compared to other streams due to the scattered livestock farms and industries, and vulnerable land use. Notably, the discharge water from the Wonju Public Sewage Treatment Plant had the highest level of pollution load, impacting on the water quality of Wonju Stream. According to the SWAT model as water quality measures, the improvement effect of water quality in this treatment plant can be reached to the reductions in BOD 11.06%, T-N 23.56%, T-P 10.60% when the proper managements applied, whereas the improvement of water quality would be 3.89%, 1.23%, and 3.32% for BOD, T-N, T-P, respectively, for the industries. The reduction of the livestock industry was generally very high as a pollution source, but it was not much higher at the end of Wonju Stream than other measures. These results recommended that the water q uality improvement measures should be designated for each upper-middle-lower section in Wonju stream.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1800-1807
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of different cooling sessions (CSs) as a water conservation strategy on physiological, and production responses and welfare in Holstein Friesian cows during subtropical summer in Pakistan. Methods: Twenty-one cows were subjected to three CS in a completely randomized design. The treatments were: i) eleven hours continuous cooling with sprinklers - control (CNT), ii) four CS, and iii) two CS. The CNT represented the practices of the commercial dairy farms in the area, while the other CSs were used as water reduction strategies. Each CS lasted for 1 h with a 12 min cycle (3 min water on and 9 min off) with a sprinkler flow rate of 1.25 L/min. Results: The average temperature humidity index of the shed and the outside open area were 81.9 and 82.5, respectively. The results showed that both physiological responses were highest in the 2CS group followed by the CNT and the 4CS (p = 0.001). The CNT and 4CS groups had similar milk yield (p = 0.040). The 4CS group had more lying and eating times than the CNT and 2CS groups (p = 0.000). The cortisol level in the 2CS group was 2.0 and 2.2 ㎍/dL more than the CNT and the 4CS groups, respectively (p = 0.000). Conclusion: In conclusion, the 4CS was more efficient in cooling the cows and had better welfare, as it yielded similar milk yield, and better physiological responses than the CNT despite using 90% less water.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.1013-1023
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• 2022

Body condition score (BCS) at calving is a vital indicator of the effectiveness of the beginning of lactation in dairy animals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of BCS at calving on milk production and transition success in dairy buffaloes. Thirty-six (36) Nili Ravi buffaloes were enrolled at 40 days of expected calving and followed through 90 days of lactation. The buffaloes were categorized into three groups according to their BCS (on a scale of 1-5 with 0.25 increments) as follows: 1) low, buffaloes with BCS ≤ 3.0; 2) medium, buffaloes with BCS 3.25-3.5; and 3) high, buffaloes with BCS ≥ 3.75. All buffaloes were fed a similar diet ad libitum. The lactation diet had increased concentrate allowance according to milk yield. The results revealed that the BCS at calving did not affect milk yield; however, fat percentage (fat%) was lower in the low-BCS group. Dry matter intake (DMI) was similar among the treatment groups, although post-calving BCS loss was greater in the high-BCS group compared to the medium- and the low-BCS groups. Similarly, the buffaloes in the high-BCS group had higher non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration compared to the low- and medium-BCS groups. No cases of metabolic disorders were observed during the study. The present results suggest that the buffaloes in the medium-BCS group appeared to perform better compared to the low- and the high-BCS groups with respect to milk fat% and blood NEFA concentration.