• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.628-636
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• 1999

There is a marked increase in geriatric disease, especially liver disease, due to the continuous increase in alcohol and fat consumption. Since the fatty liver, induced by alcohol or fat, is basically from abnormalities in the lipid metabolism, it is possible that fatty acid binding protein(FABP) which is related to the fatty acid metabolism may also be abnormal in these livers. FABP is a small molecular weight protein family present in cytosol in high concentration. It has been proposed as a fatty acid transfer protein and as a binding protein responsible for controlling intracellular free fatty acid concentration. In this research, we have examined the relationship between liver FABP and fatty liver induced by alcohol or high cholesterol diet. Rats were fed one of either semipurified liquid diets; control diet containing 65% carbohydrate, 20% protein, and 15% fat or high cholesterol diet containing 1%(w/w) cholesterol or alcohol diet containing 37% of alcohol instead of carbohydrate. After 5 weeks of feeding period, all rats received commercial chow diet for 5 weeks to examine recovery effect. Liver and blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 weeks to analyze lipid compositions. FABP was purified from liver cytosol and injected to rabbit to obtain antiserum. Liver FABP amount was determined by SDS-PAGE and western blotting methods. Fatty acid binding capacity was determined by binding of 14Cpalmitate with the delipidated liver cytosol. Consumption of alcohol increased serum cholesterol, triglyceride concentration and decreased HDL-cholesterol concentration after 5 weeks. Serum apolipoprotein B concentration increased after 3 weeks and LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A concentration changed after 1 week. Liver cholesterol and triglyceride concentration increased after 3 weeks. Consumption of high cholesterol diet changed liver and serum lipid composition after 3 weeks. Swiching to normal diet for 5 weeks did not normalize most of lipid composition in serum and liver except serum and liver except serum cholesterol, triglyceride and liver cholesterol. Liver cytosol FABP content and the fatty acid binding capacity decreased dramatically after 1 week with alcohol consumption. This results indicate that FABP content changes before the changes before the changes of blood or liver lipid composition, suggesting changes of FABP may cause development of the fatty liver induced by alcohol and can be used as an index of detecting a early development of fatty liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.326-332
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• 1998

The effect of mushroom extracts from Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes on carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated. Rats were administered orally each mushroom extract at the dose of 150mg/kg, foolwed by treatment with CCl4. Liver damage was produced in male Sprague-Dawley rats, after 21hrs from dosing with CCl4(0.25ml/kg) which were given intraperitoneally. Liver damage without renal injury was confirmed by measuring plasma enzyme, creatinine and blood analysis and liver analysis. Plasma aminotransferase activity, and levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were analyzed. Plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were decreased by 34% and 61.5% in pretreatment group of Lentinus edodes compared with CCl4 treated group, respectively. The adminstration of all mushroom extracts led the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels decrease more than the CCl4-treated rats. These results suggest that Lentinus edodes extract protect liver from damage induced by CCl4.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.547-555
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• 2001

Objectives: Obesity is regarded as the aggregation of needless risk factors, for instance, cardiovascular disease, joint disease, induce cancer. We studied on interrelation between abnormal liver function and obesity. Methods: We analyzed liver function, T.Cholesterol, Triglyceride before and after lose weight treatment. The collateral condition is over 6 weeks period on obesity treatment, no liver injury and no complicated another disease on personal past history and found out abnormal impression on biochemical liver function blood test. Results: The improvement rate of LFT, compare with before treatment is 10.6% in T.Bilirubin, 11.1% in ALP, 21% in AST, 38% in ALT, 37.3% in r-GTP, 9.2% in LDH and decreased 2.7% in T.Protein, increased 2.3% in Albumin. Hyperlipidemia is 19.4% in T.Cholesterol, 42.5% in Triglyceride. Conclusions: LFT and Hyperlipidemia of abnormal liver function patients, caused by obesity, is improved to normal limit in proportion to reduce patient's weight.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chitosan, chitosan oligomer and beef tallow of different levels on lipid metabolism in rats, Seventy male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were blocked into 10 groups according to body weight , and were raised for 4 weeks. Dietary fat levels were 20% en and 40% en, and chitosan and chitosan oligomer were given at levels of 05, 3%, and 5%(wt/wt) of diet. The results are summarized as follows, chitosan oligomer supplement decreased serum total lipid, as chitosan 양, and exhibited a tendency to decrease serum total cholesterol. Chitosan oligomer supplement tended to increase the HDL cholesterol ; total cholesterol ration as chitosan did. Liver total lipid and triglyceride concentration were lower in high fat groups than in low fat groups. Liver total lipid concentrations was decreased slightly by chitosan and sigfnificantly by chitosna ligomer. Epididymal fat pad total lipid. total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were slightly decreased by chitosan and chitosan oligomer supplement, especially in high fat groups. fat absorptivity was decreased by low fat level, chitisan and chitosan oligamer supplement. Fecal excretion of total lipid and triglyceride were increased by high fat level, chitosan and chi샌무 oligomer supplement. However, fecal excretion of total cholesterol was increased by high fat level and chitosan supplement. This indicated that chitosan and chitosan oligomer were effective in interfering with lipid and triglyceride absorption, In conclusion, chitosan oligomer at levels of 3% and 5% has more effective lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride lowering activity than chitosan.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.141-149
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to find the effect of improving hyperlipidemia through Platycodi radix saponin. A hypercholoesterol diet and Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract were supplemented to the 6 week old male Spargue Dawley rats for four weeks. Results showed that the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol level decreased in the group supplemented with Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract(p<0.05), however, the serum total lipid and HDL-cholesterol did not show any difference from the control group according to the supplement of Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract. In the group supplemented with Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract, the total cholesterol decreased by 20%, triglyceride by 36% and LDL-cholesterol by 25% respectively, and there was no difference according to the level of Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract. AI(atherogenic index) and CRF(cardiac risk factor) were low in the group supplemented with Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract. Total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver and feces were significantly low in the group supplemented with the Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract compared with the control group(p<0.05). According to this result, it is expected that the Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract supplemented in the hypercholesterol diet can lower atherosclerosis, the cause of cardiovascular disease, by reducing not only serum cholesterol and triglyceride but also liver cholesterol and triglyceride.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.351-360
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• 2015

The study examines the effects of the Cnidium officinale Makino water extract on hyperlipidemia. For this, three levels (low, moderate, and high) of the Cnidium officinale Makino water extract were supplemented to six-week-old male sprague Dawley rats for five weeks. According to the results, serum total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels showed significant decreases (p<0.05) in the group with the Cnidium officinale Makino water extract. The serum total lipid level decreased by 8~22%; the triglyceride level, by 13~25%; the total cholesterol level, by 6~23%; and the LDL cholesterol level, by 14~25%. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver were significantly lower in the group with the Cnidium officinale Makino water extract than in the control group (p<0.05), and fecal total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the group with the Cnidium officinalle Makino water extract. These results suggest that the Cnidium officinale Makino water extract in the hypercholesterol diet may reduce hyperlipidemia, a major cause of cardiovascular disease, by reducing serum cholesterol and triglyceride level in the liver through the facilitation of their excretion by feces.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.127-140
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• 1994

The effect of milk in low and high cholesterol diet was invesigated on serum cholesterol metabolism and lipid contents of serum, aorta, liver of rats. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into low(0.01% w/w) and high(1.01% w/w) cholesterol-diets groups. Low cholesterol groups subdivided into four groups ; control group was given water and three milk groups were given low heat milk(LM), ultra-high heat milk(HM), and powder milk(PM), respectivily, instead of water. High cholesterol groups were consisted of three groups ; control, LM, and HM groups. After feeding these experimental diets for six weeks, lipid levels were measured in serum and tissure and dried feces were analyzed for neutral and acidic sterols. Results obtained from this study are as follows : 1) Nutrient intakes, body weight gains and aorta weights did not differ among groups, but liver weights were higher in high cholesterol fed rats than low cholesterol fed rats. 2) Serum protein contents were increased independently by intakes of high cholesterol and milk. 3) Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were increased but phospholipid levels and HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios were decreased by high cholesterol in diet. And milk supplementation decreased serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels but increased phospholipid levels and HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios. 4) Contents of cholesterol and triglyceride in aorta and liver were elevated by dietary high cholesterol and lowered by consumption of all three types of milk. 5) Levels of cholesterol and triglyceride among serum, aorta and liver were highly correlated (r=0.7-0.9, p<0.001). 6) Fecal excretion of total sterols was three times high in high cholesterol group, compared with low cholesterol groups and were increased about 20% by milk consumption. 7) The effects of milk were more pronouncely shown in low cholesterol groups and mostly confined to LM and HM groups, rarely shown in PM group. It is concluded from the present study that milk had the hypolipidemic as well as hypocholes terolemic effect, which appears to be mediated through increased fecal bile acid excretion. But the effect is likely to be shaded by excess consumption of dietary cholesterol and was almost absent in powder milk.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2007

The effects of taurine on plasma and liver cholesterol, erythrocyte ouabain sensitive Na efflux and platelet aggregation were examined in Sprague Dawley rats fed control or 0.5% cholesterol with 0.2% cholate diet. Plasma and liver levels of total cholesterol were increased significantly (p<0.05) in rats fed cholesterol diet compared to the control, and taurine significantly decreased the elevated plasma level of cholesterol in rats fed cholesterol diet (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol was decreased in groups fed the cholesterol diet regardless of taurine supplementation and the difference between groups with and without cholesterol was significant (p<0.01). Plasma triglyceride was decreased and liver triglyceride was increased both significantly (p<0.05) in rats fed cholesterol compared to the control. Plasma and liver triglyceride in rats fed taurine was decreased significantly compared to the control (p<0.05). Intracellular Na tended to be lower in rats fed cholesterol or taurine and higher in rats fed cholesterol plus taurine compared to the control. Na efflux through Na-K ATPase and the passive leak of Na was somewhat reduced in rats fed cholesterol or taurine and was augmented in rats fed cholesterol plus taurine compared to the control, which showed a similar trend to the intracellular Na. Taurine supplementation caused a suppression of Na efflux in groups fed control diet and restored the suppressed Na efflux in groups fed cholesterol. Platelet aggregation was significantly decreased in the group fed taurine compared to the control (p<0.05) and the group fed cholesterol plus taurine was also a little lower in aggregation than the group fed cholesterol. Microscopic examination showed that taurine prevented fatty liver in rats fed cholesterol diet. Taurine known for stimulating Na-K ATPase in some cell types rather decreased erythrocyte ouabain sensitive Na-K ATPase in the present study. Taurine had hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects and inhibited platelet aggregation which may be favorable for prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2021

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Effects of Akebia quinata (AQ) extract on alcohol-induced damage of liver, spleen and thymus in rats. Method : Experimental animals were divided in to 4 groups; Normal group, Alcohol group, AQ50 group and AQ200 group. All rats, except for Normal group, were fed 25 % ethanol for 55 days. During experimental period, Normal group and Alcohol group were administrated saline, and AQ50 group and AQ200 group were administrated AQ extract at dose of 50 and 200 mg/kg/day, respectively. We measured organ weight, liver triglyceride contents, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and triglycerid levels in serum. Also, we conducted histomorphometry and histopathological observation of liver, spleen and thymus. Results : AQ significantly decreased the level of AST, ALT and triglyceride in serum and the liver triglyceride contents induced by ethanol. Also, AQ significantly inhibited lipid droplets accumulation in hepatocytes. The decreased relative organ weight of spleen and thymus by ethanol were increased by AQ administration. In histopathological analysis of spleen, the rats administrated AQ 200 mg/kg presented significantly increased mean diameters of white pulps, numbers of white pulps and splenic thicknesses. The administration of 200 mg/kg AQ improved decreased lobular thickness and cortex thickness of thymus, which were decreased by ethanol. Conclusions : The results of present study indicated that AQ has an ameliorating effect for fatty degeneration of liver and damage of spleen and thymus.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.243-248
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• 2006

Purpose: Liver demonstrates heterogeneous FDG uptake and sometimes it shows abnormally increased uptake even though there is no malignant tissue. However, there was no previous study to correlate these various pattern of hepatic FDG uptake with benign liver disease. Therefore, we evaluated the significance of hepatic FDG uptake associated with various clinical factors including fatty liver, liver function tests and lipid profiles. Materials and Methods: We reviewed a total of 188 patients (male/female: 120/68, mean age: $50{\pm}9$) who underwent PET/CT for screening of malignancy. Patients with DM, impaired glucose tolerance, previous severe hepatic disease or long-term medication history were excluded. The FDG uptake in liver was analyzed semi-quantitatively using ROI on transaxial images (segment 8) and we compared mean standardized uptake value (SUV) between fatty liver and non-fatty liver group. We also evaluated the correlation between hepatic FDG uptake and various clinical factors including serum liver function test (ALT, AST), ${\gamma}-GT$, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration. The effect of alcoholic history and body mass index on hepatic FDG uptake was analyzed within the fatty liver patients. Results: The hepatic FDG uptake of fatty liver group was significantly higher than that of non-fatty liver group. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration showed significant correlation with hepatic FDG uptake. However, there was no significant correlation between other factors (ALT, AST, and ${\gamma}-GT$) and FDG uptake. Also there was no difference of mean SUV between normal and abnormal groups on the basis of alcoholic history and body mass Index within fatty liver patients. Fatty liver and high serum triglyceride concentration were the independent factors affecting hepatic FDG uptake according to multivariate analysis. Conclusion: In conclusion, hepatic FDG uptake was strongly correlated with fatty liver and serum triglyceride concentration.