• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한핵의학회 1975년도 제14차 학술대회
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• pp.81.1-81.1
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• 1975

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 1998

Primary hepatocytes of small animals such as rat and rabbit were often used for the study of extracorporeal liver support systems. Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes form spheroids within tow days when cultivated as suspension in spinner vessels. These spheroids showed enhanced liver specific functions and more differentiated morphology compared to hepatocytes cultured as monolayers However, shear stress caused by continuous agitation deteriorated spheroids gradually. In this work we immobilized spheroids to prolong liver specific activities. First, hepatocyte spheroids were suspended in collagen solution containing calcium chloride and then dropped into alginate solution. A thin layer of calcium alginate was formed around the droplet and then was removed after the inner collagen was gelled by treatment of sodium citrate buffer. Spheroids embedded in collagen-gel bead maintained liver specific functions such as albumin secretion rate longer than hepatocyte spheroids exposed to shear stress. Therefore, we suggest that this immobilization technique may offer an effective long-term hepatocyte cultivation and facilitase the development of a bioartificial liver support device.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.41-59
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• 2006

Chronic liver diseases and hepatic cancer have been reported as 10% of cause of death in Koreans. Regardless of various causes, chronic liver disease accompanies commonly hepatic fibrosis. But still the mechanism of hepatic fibrosis remains poorly understood. Using the dimethylnitrosamine(DMN)-induced hepatic fibrosis rat model, We performed to evaluate the possible therapeutic effect of RIP(extracts of Phellodendron amurense and Patrinia scabiosaefolia) and to investigate the changes in referential connective tissue proteins($TGF-{\beta}_1$, ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin, and vimentin) as a marker of fibrogenesis. For these purposes, liver tissues were stained with H & E, and Azan staining for estimation of developing fibrosis. In the DMN-treated rat liver tissue, fibrosis were developed forming incomplete septal fibrosis. Whereas, in the RIP-treated rat liver tissues, the fibrosis were decreased recovering to normal morphology. The expressions of $TGF-{\beta}_1$, ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin($\alpha-SMA$), and vimetin were increased in the DMN-treated rat liver tissues, but decreased in the various areas of RIP-treated rat liver tissues. According to these results, RIP could be a possible therapeutic agent to reduce hepatic fibrosis, and the $TGF-{\beta}_1$, ${\alpha}$-SMA, and vimentin could be possible indicative markers of hepatic fibrosis development and recovery.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.51-61
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• 1993

This study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary level of $\beta$-carotene on level of antioxidant nutrients of rat tissues. Male Sprague Dawley rats at the age of 30days were fed on diets containing different levels of $\beta$-carotene(0, 10, 120, 1200, 12000mg per kg diet). Body weight gain of rats fed with 12000mg $\beta$-carotene diet was significantly decreased, but liver and heart weights were not significantly different among groups, The content of total glutathione tended to decrease significantly in 12000mg $\beta$-carotene diet group when compared to $\beta$-carotene restriction group(BC O). However, total vitamin C content of liver showed the tendency to increase by $\beta$ -carotene supply up to 1200mg. But this tendency was not found in plasma, The content of zinc in liver and plasma was significantly decreased by $\beta$-carotene restriction. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher in 12000mg diet group. In case of $\beta$-carotene restriction group, fibroblasts were proliferated in portal endothelium, and the vacuolar size was enlarged more than the nuclear, In 12000mg diet group, hepatic vacuoles were extended, but their size was regular and the lysis of hepatocytes was observed. Also, fibroblasts were proliferated in portal endothelium and the regular vacuolar size was extended.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 1999

This study is concerned with assessment of diethylnitrosamine(DEN) induced liver cell carcinogenesis by measurement of changes preceding the development of neoplasms. Therefore, it was undertaken to investigate the changes of liver-specific enzyme activities in rats (Sprague-Dawley) by ad libitum feeding of DEN. And also, as another objective index in urine, the level of urinary biopterin was measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method. The results were as follows ; 1. Minor behavioral change, brittleness of hair and decreased amount of water and diet intake were observed in rats 7 weeks after DEN administration. 2. The body and liver weights were significantly(p<0.05) decreased in rats 11 weeks after DEN administration. 3. The ratio of liver weight to body weight was rather stable and not significantly decreased in the all treatment groups. 4. The liver specific enzyme activities(AST, ALT,$\gamma$-GTP) were significantly(p<0.05) increased in all treatment groups compared to control group. 5. Compared to normal level, urine biopterin level was significantly (p<0.05) increased in all treatment groups(p<0.05). In conclusion, this result confirmed that the DEN was one of the potent hepatocarcinogens. In experimental model of rats exposed to DEN, the results indicated that values of liver specific enzyme activities(AST, ALT, $\gamma$-GTP) and urine biopterin level could be useful complementary tumor indices.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1969

In the past few years, scintigraphy has become increasingly important in clinical practice, and the use of a color-printing technique has permited a more accurate interpretation of the scan image. Our liver color scintigrams consist of 51 hepatomas, 35 liver cirrhosis, 22 liver abscessis, 10 hepatitis and other 13 cases of the liver diseases which were clinically arid pathologically diagnosed at Sevarance Hospital, Yonsei Univ., since Feb. 1969 through Sept. 1969. These scintigrams have been analized in terms of various pathologic morphology, such as size, shape, margin of the liver, distribution of radioactivity, and shape of the space occupying lesions. The results are as follows: 1. Enlargement of the liver was the most common finding in the diseased livers. The Rt. lobe enlargement was particularly prominent in the liver abscess. 2. Irregular distribution of radioactivity in the liver (so called mottling) was present in 78% of hepatoma, while it was seen only in 31% of liver abscesses. 3. Liver cirrhosis tends to show perihilar accumulation of the isotope (57%). 4. The deformity of the lower most angle of the Rt. lobe, and the Lt. lateral margin of the Lt. lobe was also impressive throughout the cases ($74{\sim}95%$ of all diseased livers). 5. The frequency of visualization of the spleen was influenced by the size of space occupying lesions and the amount of functioning liver. 6. Differentiation between the liver abscess and hepatoma seems to be possible on scintigram, when shape and margin of defect and patterns of distribution of radioactivity in the remaining liver are clearly demonstrated.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.828-834
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 헛개나무열매를 주성분으로 제조한 두 종류의 혼합물들(NHDT-1과 NHDT-2)이 알코올 및 아세트알데히드의 분해를 촉진시켜 숙취의 발생을 저하시킬 수 있는지 여부와 만성적으로 알코올을 복용시켰을 때 간손상 및 지방간의 발생을 억제할 수 있는지 여부를 조사하였다. NHDT-1은 헛개나무열매에 진피, 창출 및 감초를 첨가하여 제조하였고, NHDT-2는 NHDT-1에 홍삼을 첨가하여 제조하였다. NHDT-1과 NHDT-2의 조성 차이는 홍삼임에도 불구하고 백서에게 투여하였을 때 알코올 및 아세트알데히드의 분해와 간손상을 억제하는 작용에는 차이가 있었다. 홍삼이 함유되어있지 않은 NHDT-1은 급성 알코올 실험에서 알코올 및 아세트알데히드 분해를 촉진시켜 혈청농도를 저하시켰으나, 홍삼이 함유된 NHDT-2는 혈청 알코올과 아세트알데히드 농도를 저하시키지 못했다. 급성실험과는 반대로 장기간 알코올을 투여한 실험에서는 NHDT-1은 NHDT-2에 비해 알코올로 인한 간의 손상과 지방간 발생을 억제하지 못했다. 결론적으로 간기능이 좋은 상태에서 일시적으로 복용하는 경우에는 NHDT-1이 알코올과 아세트알데히드의 분해를 촉진하여 숙취해소에 효과적이지만, 간이 좋지 않은 상태에서는 장기간동안 NHDT-2를 복용하여 간의 기능을 향상시키는 것이 음주 후 숙취제거에 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.285-302
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• 1992

Human and rat hepatocytes were isolated by nonperfusion method and cultured for longer than 5 days. Human liver biopsy sample and rat liver were used as hepatocyte source. Several physical and chemical factors which were influencing on hepatocyte isolation procedure were examined and a batch isolation procedure was established for small size sample of rat liver. Isolated hepatocytes showed normal morphlologica characteristics in microscopy and electron microscopical examinations and a morphologica response to phalloidin. Isolated cells were cultured as a monolayer and proven to have intact morphological characteristics for longer than 15 days. Because human liver sample is harder and tighter compared with rat liver, a standard procedure for rat hepatocytes was slightly modified to reduce mechanical damage. Similarly with rat hepatocytes, isolated human hepatocytes showed a normal morphological characteristics and could be cultured for longer than 15days. Human and rat hepatocytes were examined on their functional integrities including cytochrome-P450 related enzyme activity and it's inducibility, hormonal inducibility of AIB uptake and TAT activity, albumin synthesis, DNA synthesis, cellular protein maintenance. In all parameters used in the present study, human and rat hepatocytes showed normal functional characteristics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2011

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different mycotoxin adsorbents including esterified glucomannan (EGM), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) and compound mycotoxin adsorbent (CMA) on performance, blood parameters, and liver pathological changes in broilers fed mold-contaminated feed. Two hundred and forty 10-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of the five dietary treatments including: i) control diet; ii) mold-contaminated diet; iii) moldcontaminated diet+0.05% EGM; iv) mold-contaminated diet+0.2% HSCAS; v) mold-contaminated diet+0.1% CMA. At 35-days-old, blood and liver tissue samples were collected for analysis. 0.1% CMA improved ADG and ADFI during 10-42 d compared to the moldcontaminated group (p<0.05). The mold-contaminated diet increased total white blood cell (WBC) number, haemoglobin (Hgb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct) level, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities, and decreased red blood cell (RBC) number and serum globulin (GLB) and urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations (p<0.05). The three mycotoxin adsorbents alleviated the alteration of RBC, WBC, Hgb and AST caused by the mold-contaminated diet. Furthermore, 0.1% CMA increased GLB concentration and decreased Hct level and GGT activity (p<0.05). Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was reduced, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was increased by the mold-contaminated diet (p<0.05). Both EGM and HSCAS prevented the increase of MPO activity (p<0.05). Liver lesion, including severe vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, was observed in chicks fed the mold-contaminated diet. 0.05% EGM prevented these effects except for biliary hyperplasia and mild vacuolar degeneration. 0.2% HSCAS showed medium vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes. Liver of broilers fed 0.1% CMA revealed a mild vacuolar degeneration. These results indicate that a mold-contaminated diet results in adverse effects on blood parameters and liver morphology. 0.05% EGM and 0.2% HSCAS partially alleviated the adverse effects. However, 0.1% CMA almost completely ameliorated the adverse effects.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
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• pp.305-306
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• 2003

To treat fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) patients, various extracorporeal bioartificial liver (BAL) systems have been developed. Several requirements should be met for the development of BAL systems: hepatocytes should be cultured in a sufficiently high density; their metabolic functions should be of a sufficiently high level and duration; and the BAL systems module should permit scaling-up and aseptic handling. Several investigators have found that freshly isolated primary hepatocytes can be cultured into three dimensional, tightly packed, freely suspended, multicellular aggregates, or spheroids. These specialized cell structures exhibited enhanced liver specific functions and a prolonged differentiated state compared to cells maintained in a monolayer culture. Cells in spheroids appear to mimic the morphology and ultrastructure of the in vivo liver lobule. The ability of hepatocytes to organize into three-dimensional structures was hypothesized to contribute to their enhanced liver-specific activities. In this study, the ammonia removal rate and urea secretion rate of pig hepatocytes spheroids encapsulated in Ca-alginate bead were determined. A packed-bed bioreactor with encapsulated pig hepatocytes was devised as BAL support system. The efficacy of the system was evaluated in vitro.