• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.32-44
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• 2002

Gu-Chang is a disorder characterized by recurring ulcers confined to the oral mucosa. Despite much clinical and research attention, the causes remain poorly understood. In this paper, we will compare Gu-Chang with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis(RAS) in order to know what is the similiarity between Gu-Chang and RAS. So we will arrange various oriental and western medical literatures which are important. As a result of arrangement of the causes, symptoms and therapys of Gu-Chang, we can conclude through the studies as follows. 1. The etiologies of Gu-chang are following. In the Sthenia syndrome, there are evil heat of external factor, heat of heart and spleen, insomnia, heat of upper warmer, stress and diet, heat of lung and heart, excessive heat of upper warmer, inappropriate food intake, heat conveyance of organ, heat of stomach merdian, moistured heat of spleen and stomach and stasis of liver energy. In the Asthenia syndrome, there are deficiency of stomach energy, deficiency of upper warmer leading to heat, deficiency of middle warmer leading to cold, deficiency of lower warmer leading to heat, deficiency of middle energy, deficiency of blood, decreased fire and deficiency of soil, yin fire of lower warmer, deficiency of heart yin, deficiency of spleen yin and deficiency of qi and blood. 2. In western medicine the causes of RAS is presumed as local, microbial, systemic, nutritional, genetic, immunologic factors. 3. Once Gu-chang is compared with RAS, in the deficiency of yin leading to hyperactivity of fire, deficiency of yin leading to floating of fire and stasis of liver energy, recurring of Gu-chang is similar to RAS. Although recurring of Gu-chang due to tripple warmer of excessive fire has no recurrance, since there are the degree of Pain, site of lesion, dysphagia etc, it is similar to major RAS. It is may be believed that Sthenia Gu-chang is similar to major RAS, shape of recurring, site of lesion, degrree of Pain and white color of Asthenia Gu-chang are similar to minor RAS, but there is no similarity concerning herpes RAS in the literatures that describe the symptoms. 4. Generally, the treatment of Gu-chang is divided into Asthenia and Sthenia Syndrome. The method of cure to Sthenia syndrome is heat cleaning and purge fire, Asthenia syndrome is nourish yin to lower and adverse rising energy and strength the middle warmer and benefit vital energy. 5. Following is the medication for Sthenia syndrome. Heat of heart and spleen is Do Jok San, Yang Gyek San, Juk Yup Suk Go Tang, evil heat of external factor is Yang Gyek San Ga Gam, Stasis of liver energy is Chong Wi Fae Dok Yum, moistured heat of spleen and stomach is Chong Gi Sam Syep Tang. The medication for Asthenia Syndrome is following. Deficiency of upper warmer leading to heat is Bo Jung Ik Gi Tang, deficiency of middle warmer leading to cold is Bu Ja Lee Jung Tang, deficiency of lower warmer leading to heat is Yuk Mi Ji Hwang Tang, deficiency of yin leading to hyperactivity of fire is Ji Baek Ji Hwang Hwan, deficiency of yin leading to floating of fire is Lee Jung Tang Ga Bu Ja Medicine for external use were Yang Suk San, Boo Wyen San, Rok Po San, Yoo Hwa San ate. 6. In western medicine, there is no specific treatment for RAS, and management strategies depend on dinical presentation and symptoms and includes antibiotics, oral rinses, glucocorticoids, immunomodulatory drugs, vitamines, analgesics, laser and antiviral agents.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1999

The present study was conducted to find the effects of different cadmium(Cd) levels in diets on clinical toxicity, sperm capacity and histopathological changes in rats. Thirty male rats of Sprague-Dawley weighing 125.3$\pm$15.2g were randomly blocked into five groups according to body weights. Five levels of Cd in AIN-76 purified diet(0, 25, 50, 100 and 250 ppm) had been fed for 8 weeks. Cadmium was supplemented with a form of CdCl$_2$. 1. After 8 weeks of Cd intake had resulted in apparent cadmium intoxication; reduced growth rate, enlarged kidney and testis, decreased hematocrit value and hemoglobin content in response to supplemented Cd levels in the diets. 2. Cadmium accumulation in liver and kidney showed a tendency to increase in cadmium-exposed groups. The levels of metallothionein were also significantly elevated in the tissues of liver in response to the levels of Cd supplemented(P＜0.05). 3. Although sperm motility was not significantly different among treatments, rats fed Cd tended to have reduced sperm motility but sperm concentration of Cd supplemented groups were significantly lower than that of control(p＜0.05). 4. Based on the findings from gross lesion, rats fed 250ppm of Cd were externally emaciated, had exposed penis and observed atrophies of kidney and testis. Histopathological observation seemed that the liver of groups feeding Cd supplemented diets showed cellular degeneration and accumulation of eosinophilic materials in the capillaries. In kidney, rats fed Cd diets had shown tubular epithelium degeneration and lesions of basophilic materials, while testes were weakened in numbers of spermatid and sporadically enlarged of giant cells.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2009

Fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a common nutritional disease in commercial layers and breeders. The most important clinical sign of FLHS is a sudden drop in egg production and increased mortality which causes significant economic loss in the poultry industry. However, the current diagnostic method for FLHS is based on the gross findings at necropsy which is not helpful to reduce the economic loss because of lateness of diagnosis. Therefore, we need early diagnosis and diagnostic methods before chickens were affected by FLHS. In this study we tried to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical pathology including blood chemistry as an early diagnostic method for FLHS in commercial chickens. Profiles of blood biochemistry were compared between two flocks selected in the same commercial layer farm based on the presence of FLHS clinical sings. A flock with clinical signs of FLHS was designated as FLHS and other flock without clinical signs of FLHS as Non-FLHS. Several parameters of blood biochemistry were selected and compared between FLHS and Non-FLHS to evaluate the possibility of early diagnosis. Average concentrations of serum cholesterol, serum calcium, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were $139.4\;{\pm}\;87.2$ (mg/dL), $24.5\;{\pm}\;5.4$ (mg/dL), $153.6\;{\pm}\;23.1$ (IU/L), $1238.3\;{\pm}\;475.2$ (IU/L) and $1107.3\;{\pm}\;422.8$ (IU/L) in Non-FLHS flock, respectively, and $210.2\;{\pm}\;173.2$ (mg/dL), $25.2\;{\pm}\;4.1$ (mg/dL), $174.3\;{\pm}\;53.5$ (IU/L), $1694.9\;{\pm}\;691.3$ (IU/L) and $1104.9\;{\pm}\;472.9$ (IU/L) in FLHS flock, respectively. The activities of serum cholesterol, AST and LDH except CK, were significantly higher in FLHS than those in Non-FLHS flock (p<0.05). Some birds of FLHS flock showed 2~17 times greater than in Non-FLHS flock. For the definitive diagnosis of FLHS in the flocks tested for blood chemistry, we analyzed fat content and histological lesion score in the liver sampled from both FLHS and Non-FLHS flock. Average liver fat contents based on dry weight were $16.1\;{\pm}\;0.4$ (%) in Non-FLHS flock and were $21.6\;{\pm}\;16.0$ (%) in FLHS flock. These result confirmed that FLHS flock was definitely affected by FLHS. The above results suggest that selected parameters of blood biochemistry, particularly AST, could be useful to diagnose FLHS before significant liver damage occurred in commercial layers.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2010

Objective: Second primary malignancy (SPM) that occur in various period and region are important factors that deteriorate long-term survival rate in patients who recovered from oral cancer. Researches such as chemoprevention are being tried to reduce occurrence of SPMs. Only if analysis of clinical features of patients who develop SPM such as period, region and factors precedes, adequate prevention and treatment of SPM is possible. But, there are few researches about clinical features of SPMs that have primary lesion in oral cavity. In this study, we analysis that occurrence rates, regions that happen, risk factors and effect to survival rates of 2nd primary malignancies in oral cancer patients. From this survey, we willing to collect basic data for prevention and early diagnosis of SPMs. Methods: The medical records of 139 patients of oral oncology clinic of National Cancer Center who had up to 2-years follow up records after surgical or radiological treatment due to squamus cell carcinoma of oral cavity were reviewed. In these patients, survey of occurrence rate of SPMs, duration, survival rate and risk factors about occurrence of SPMs such as history of smoking, body mass index, age, sex, stage of primary lesion and history of radiologic treatment were achieved. Results: There are 15 patients who developed SPM in 139 cases. The actual occurrence rate of SPM was 10.79% and SPM were more likely to occur in male patients with 11 male Vs 4 female patients. Median age of these patient is 61.47 within 32 to 74 range. The regions that develop SPM are oral cavities (2 cases), stomach (4 cases), esophagus (2 cases), lung (2 cases) and others (1 case each breast, larynx, cervix, liver and kidney). In addition, metachronous cancers were 11 cases which happened more common than 4cases of synchronous cancers. Surveys of risk factors that relate to development of SPMs, such as sex, age, history of radiologic treatment, body mass index, history of smoking and stage of primary disease were done. Among them, factor of sex is only appear statistically significant (P=0.001), but rest are not significant in statistically. Conclusion: Occurrence rates of SPMs were reported from 10% to 20% by precede study. In this study, occurrence rate of SPMs is 10.79% that is similar to results of precede research. In comparison of 5-yr survival rates of groups that develop SPMs or not, there is statistically significance between two groups. Present treatment modalities of SPMs are surgical operation, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and combination of these modalities. In choosing the treatment modality, we must consider the first treatment modality, region of primary disease, region of SPMs and general conditions of patient. Because development of SPMs have big effect on prognosis, prevention of SPMs must regard to important objective of treatments in patients of SCCa in oral cavity.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2012

We investigated the effect of zinc on the formation of colonic aberrant crypt foci induced by azoxymethane (AOM) followed by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice with high iron diet (HFe; 450 ppm iron). Sixweek old ICR mice were fed on high iron diets with combination of three different levels of zinc in diets, low-zinc (LZn; 0.01 ppm), medium-zinc (MZn; 0.1 ppm), and high-zinc (HZn; 1 ppm) for 12 weeks. Animals were received weekly intraperitoneal injections of AOM (10 mg/kg B.W. in saline) for 3 weeks followed by 2% DSS (molecular weight 36,000~50,000) in the drinking water for a week. To confirm the iron storage in the body, the hepatic iron concentration has been determine chemically and compared with histological assessment visualized by Prussian blue reaction. Aberrant crypt (AC) and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were analyzed in the colonic mucosa of mouse fed high dietary iron. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) level were also investigated. Apoptosis in the preneoplastic lesion was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nickend labeling (TUNEL). In addition, immunohistochemistry of ${\beta}$-catenin was also performed on the mucous membrane of colon. The number of large ACF (${\geq}4$ AC/ACF), which possess greater tumorigenic potential, was significantly lower in MZn and HZn groups compared with LZn group. Cytosolic SOD activity in the liver was significantly higher in HZn group compared with LZn group. Hepatic MDA level was decreased significantly in HZn group compared with MZn and LZn groups. Apoptotic index was significantly higher in HZn group. Taken together, these findings indicate that dietary zinc might exert a protective effect against colonic preneoplastic lesion induced by AOM/DSS in ICR mice with high iron status, and suggest that dietary supplement of zinc might play a role in suppressing colon carcinogenesis in mice.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.218-232
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• 1985

Congenital hereditary disease is in devided into Infantile type and Adult type, Adult type is hidden for many years and keeps normal renal function till middle age. Cyst is stimultaneously made in both sides and becomes lowered in renal function in 30's to 40's. Infantile type is generally born with the big kidneys, renal failure, undergrowth of intrahepatic bile duct. Both infantile and childhood type have ureteral dilatation and portal hypertension In infantile type, it is mostly developed into renal failure, but generally faces death as a result of hepatic disease. The reason of death is that an abnormal condition of recessive autosome affects the liver and kidneys. While the incidence of infantile type is rare as $0.017{\sim}0.07%$ and it is autosomal recessive heredity, Adult type can rarely exist in infantile period. Though it exists in middle period, 50% of patients can live for 2-4 years after the first symptom incidence and 25% can less than 2 years. It is hard to cure completely in medicine and surgery. Three difficulties in familial incidence are comparative decrease of the donor who have no affection on renal transplantation. For another consideration it is to show the family history for several generations. We, the Med. Dept. of Dae Han Kyouk Life Insurance Co. Ltd., used the ultrasonic apparatus in diagnosing the one case of adult type bilateral polycystic kidney and then doubted the family history. As a result of inspecting the family we experienced bilateral polycystic kidney from 3 persons out of 4 who can be inspected. The results are as follows: 1) We could confirm the polycystic kidney from 3 persons out of 4(75%). 2) Then when they came for check up, chief complaint was the pain in all 3 cases(100%). 3) Accompanying disease was hypertension in 2 cases(67%). 4) In early disease incidence, we couldn't observe the specific change in pathological opinion. 5) All 3 cases are not accompanied with cystic lesion in liver, spleen, pancreas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.4077-4082
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• 2016

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a dreadful complication of end stage liver disease with high morbidity and mortality. Aim: The aim was to assess the role of serum talin-1 and non-invasive fibrosis in patients with HCC. Materials and Methods: A total of eighty seven subjects were enrolled, with 22 two healthy individuals as a control group (n=22), 22 patients in the cirrhosis group and finally 43 in the group with HCC diagnosed with positive triphasic CT abdomen criteria. Serum talin-1 and noninvasive fibrosis parameters were assessed in all subjects. Results: Compared to the cirrhosis group, patients with HCC had higher serum talin-1 ($32.9{\pm}12.6$ vs. $11.1{\pm}2.79ng/ml$), FIB4 ($9.96{\pm}15.3$ vs. $2.90{\pm}1.87$) and $fibro-{\alpha}$ ($10.9{\pm}18.1$ vs. $1.55{\pm}0.28$) but not fibrosis index scores ($4.47{\pm}0.95$ vs. $4.98{\pm}0.96$; p=0.046). Patients with large focal lesions (${\geq}5cm$) had different ALBI scores ($-1.02{\pm}0.63$ vs. $-1.72{\pm}0.59$; p=0.001) serum talin-1 ($9.72{\pm}13.81$ vs. $28.6{\pm}38.89ng/ml$; p=0.007) and fibrosis index scores ($0.85{\pm}0.99$ vs. $4.20{\pm}4.85$; p=0.026). No statistical differences were noted between patients with and without portal vein thrombosis. For detection of HCC, serum talin-1 had 97.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity with a 17.2 ng/ml cutoff. AFP at a 13.7 ng/ml cutoff had 72.1% sensitivity and 6.3.6% specificity. The cutoff for the $fibro-{\alpha}$ score was 1.61 with 81.4% sensitivity and 77.3% specificity. Serum talin-1 (odds=1.08; C.I=1.016-1.150; p=0.014), fibrosis index score (odds=2.35; C.I=1.055-5.217; p=0.037) and the ALBI score (odds=6.9; C.I=1.924-24.708; p=0.003) were predictors of large focal lesions. Conclusions: Serum talin-1, AST/ALT ratio, $fibro-{\alpha}$ score are useful for the assessment of HCC patients.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 1995

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalent characteristics of Fowl Typhoid and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella gallinarum isolated from 56 infective or dead chickens of 20 egg laying farms in Kyung Buk province during the period from August to December 1994. 1. Among 416, 000 chickens of 92 flocks in 20 egg laying farms, 17, 360 chickens of 31 flocks were died of Fowl Typhoid. 2. Salmonella gallinarum was isolated from 56 chickens in liver and spleen, and then blood of infective chickens was positive to Pullorum antigen. 3, In the survey of gross lesion of 56 chickens, 43 chickens(76.8%) were swelled at liver, 39(69.6%) were swelled at spleen, 12(21.4%) were changed with bronze, 3(5.4% ) were hemorrhagic in peritoneal cavity. 4. In transmission pattern, 4 farms were outbreaked the entrance of chicken house at first, but the others were outbreaked at various place. They were transmitted at right and left directions in flock. 5. 2 farms confirmed at the early stage of infection were eradicated by removing infective chickens and administrating antibiotics, but 18 farms at chronic stage were not. 6. The biochemical properties of 112 Salmonella gallinarum from chickens were generally identical to those of the referance, but H$_2$S was not productive, cellobiose was fermentive. 7 Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 20 isolates was performed by using 21 antibiotics, MICs of Amikacin(Ak), Gentamicin(Gm), Kanamycin(Km), and Tetracycline (Tc) were below 1.6 ug/ml, Ampicillin(Am), Furazolidone(Fu) and Neomycin(Nm) were below 3.1 ug/ml, Cephalothin(Ce), Cefazoline(Cf) and Chloramphenicol(Cm) were below 6.3 ug/ml, Nalidixic acid(Na), Polymyxin(Po) and Rifampicin(Rf) were below 12.5 ug/ml, Penicillin (Pm) was below 25 ug/ml, Colistin(Co) and Streptomycin(Sm) were below 50 ug/ml, Sulfamerazine(Sr) and Sulfamethazine (St) were below 200 ug/ml, Lincomycin(Lm) and Spiramycin(Sp) were below 400 ug/ml, Bacitracin(Ba) was below 800 ug/ml. 8. Among the 20 isolates, all(100%) of those were sensitive to Ak, Am, Ce, Cf, Cm, Fu, Gm, Km, Na, Nm, Po, Rf, Sr, St and Tc, but 6 isolates(30%) were resistent to Co, 20(100% ) to Ba, Lm, Pm, Sm, and Sp. The drug resistance patterns were simple which 6 strains were BaCoLmPmSmSp type, and 14 were BaLmPmSmSp type.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.141-145
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• 2017

Purpose: Clinical and laboratory features of two Kawasaki disease (KD) groups were evaluated; the patient with pyuria and those without pyuria. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2016, the medical records of 140 (86 males and 54 females) inpatients with KD were retro-spectively analyzed. Results: Forty-eight KD patients (34.3%) presented with pyuria. KD patients with pyuria showed a higher level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and a higher proportion of elevated liver enzymes than those without pyuria. There were no differences in the proportions of unresponsiveness to intravenous immunoglobulin and coronary artery lesions between the two groups. Six KD patients (12.5%) with pyuria underwent a renal imaging study to rule out the possibility of a urinary tract infections. Thirty-two KD patients (66.7%) with pyuria received treatment with antibiotics in addition to the standard treatment for KD. Conclusions: KD patients with pyuria showed a higher level of CRP and elevated levels of liver enzymes than those without pyuria. These findings suggest that KD patients with pyuria have more severe systemic inflammation than those without pyuria.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.15-21
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• 1979

From January 1975 to March 1978, 18 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia diagnosed at Kyungpook National University Hospital were tested by hepatosplenic scanning with $^{198}Au$ colloidal gold. The photo scanning findings in relation to clinical and laboratory findings are following. 1) Male to female ratio was 2:1 and 2nd and 3rd decades were predominant. 2) No focal space-occupying lesion was noticed both in the liver and spleen. 3) 4 cases revealed well visualization of spleen, 7 cases poor visualization, and 7 cases nonvisualization. 4) No significant difference between well visualization group and poor visualization group was noted in clinical findings, liver function test and hematologic findings. 5) Cases with nonvisualization of the spleen tended to be associated with thrombocytopenia, decreased megakaryocytes in the marrow and longer duration of the illness.