• 물과 미래
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.209-221
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• 1996

우리나라 대부분의 소하천 유역은 수위나 유량의 관측이 행해지지 않은 미계측 유역으로 방치되어 있어 홍수시 정확한 유출량의 추정이나 홍수피해 경감을 위한 적절한 대책수립이 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 부산지방 수영강 수계 중 3개 소하천 유역을 연구대상유역으로 선정하여 측정된 수문자료를 근거로 각종 유출 매개변수를 추정하였다. 또한 기존의 유출해석 모형중 저류함수법과 선형 이산화 입력-출력 모형 및 선형저수지 모형을 채택하여 유출해석을 실시하였다. 각 모형에 의한 계산 수문곡선은 실측 수문곡선과 잘 일치하였으며, 이들 모형은 소유역의 홍수사상을 성공적으로 나타낼 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 채택한 모형 중 저류함수법은 크기가 작은 홍수에는 적용하기 어렵다는 문제점에도 불구하고 가장 양호한 결과를 제공하였으며, 선형저수지 모형은 적은 수의 매개변수로도 비교적 양호한 결과를 준다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 저류함수법 매개변수를 이용한 방법, $\Phi$-index법 및 일정비손실법 등 세 가지 방법의 유효강우 산정법에 따른 모형의 재현성을 평가하였다. 온천천 유역의 경우에는 저류함수법 매개변수를 이용한 방법이 가장 용호한 결과를 나타내었으나, 다른 두 연구대상유역의 경우에는 $\Phi$-index법이 더 나은 결과를 제공하였다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2013

잔디밭에 발생하는 잡초를 파악하고 효율적인 방제체계를 확립하기 위하여 문헌조사를 하였다. 공원 등 잔디밭에 발생하는 잡초는 방동사니대가리 등 사초과 3종, 바랭이, 새포아풀 등 화본과 9종, 쑥, 꽃다지, 피막이 등 광엽잡초 25종 등 총 16과 37종이나, 산지와 인접한 묘지 잔디밭에는 53과 196종의 잡초가 발생하고 있다. 그러므로 산지와 인접한 골프장에서는 묘지에서 발생되는 잡초들이 만연할 가능성이 많다. 잔디밭에 발생되는 잡초를 효율적으로 관리하기 위해 등록된 제초제는 2012년 5월말 현재 토양처리제는 디클로베닐입제, 메티오졸린유제, 옥사지클로메폰액상수화제, 이마자퀸입제 등 32품목, 경엽처리제로는 메타미포프유제, 비페녹스.플루세토설퓨론입상수화제, 플라자설퓨론수화제, 트리플록시설푸론소듐입상수화제 등 35종 총 67품목이 있다. 잔디밭에서의 잡초방제체계는 일반적으로 토양처리제는 3~4월과 8~9월에 2회 처리하고, 경엽처리제는 6~7월에 처리하면 효과적으로 잡초를 방제할 수 있다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.25-42
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• 2017

Objectives The goal of this review was to investigate clinical, experimental and literature studies of Korean medicine on atopic dermatitis (AD) of Korean children in Korean medicine literature, seeking for the better research methods for more effective treatments. Methods Electronic investigations were practiced on AKOP (The Association of Korean Oriental Pediatrics, http://www.akop.or.kr) to collect theses which were published by J Pediatr Korean Med. The key word 'Atopy' was used for searching to ensure that every related thesis was collected. The publication date was limited from 1996 to 2016. The selected literatures were assessed mainly according to distributions of study type, publication year, scale, treatment and its efficacy. Results 55 papers were selected from 59 studies. In these collected 55 related theses, there were 29 experimental studies (52.73%), 18 clinical studies (32.73%), 8 review studies (14.55%). In the 29 experimental studies, there were 20 studies (68.97%) using NC/Nga mouse as subjects. The mite antigen was used to trigger AD by 8 studies (27.59%). The studies have been utilizing DNCB and DNFB instead of mite antigen since 2011. All the experimental studies showed that the Korean medicine was effective in AD. In total 18 clinical studies, 3 studies (16.67%) were case reports, only 1 thesis (5.56%) was conducted by case control study and the rest were case series studies. 7 studies (38.89%) of 18 studies diagnosed AD according to Hanifin and Rajka's diagnostic criteria (1980), only 1 study (5.56%) according to the Korean standard and the rest 10 studies (55.56%) didn't mention diagnostic criteria. 12 clinical studies (66.67%) showed efficacy in treating AD. There were 10 studies (55.56%) only employing internal treatments and 1 thesis (5.56%) didn't mention the exact prescription. Naesowhajungtang-kamibang, Saenghyeoryunbue-um were used 3 times (16.67%) as the internal medicine respectively. 5 theses (27.78%) were combined with acupuncture therapy. Hegu (LI4), Sanyinjiao (SP6) were used in 4 theses, and Taichong (LR3), Quchi (LI11), Zusanli (ST36) in 3 theses. The number of acupoints chosen from The Spleen meridian of Foot-Taiyin was the largest. There were 8 review theses. 2 were about the foreign oriental medicine, 3 were about the external medicine or external treatment methods, and 3 other studies were about severity scoring systems, the methodological study in the latest clinical study, overview for pattern and results of herbal medicine-derived AD clinical researches. Conclusions The experimental studies and clinical studies showed the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatments. However, this study still needs improving by conducting more comparative studies and using better research methods, in order to find more effective treatments to improve clinical efficacy.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.153-172
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• 2009

Background : The safety of Korean herbal Medicine (KHM: prescribed herbal medicine by doctors of traditional Korean medicine) is an important issue in Korea. Although both fields. western medicine and traditional Korean medicine. have been studied on the safety of herbs and KHM, their results were not concordance with each other. Objectives : This study aims to review the influence of KHM on liver function in Korean literature systematically. Additionally, we tried to estimate the change of data of liver function test (LFT) and the incidence of liver injury (LI) after the use of KHM. Methods : Systematic literature searches were performed on 4 major databases of Korea from their inception to May 2008. Screening and selection of the studies and the extraction of data were performed independently by two authors. There were no restrictions on the types of publication including grey literatures. Results : Forty studies were included. Only sixteen studies were performed prospectively and fifteen studies collected data from outpatients. Only 8 studies reported the occurrence of LI after the use of KHM. Nineteen cases of LI showed no or mild symptoms and the elevation of LFT was not high. All of LI patients used conventional western drug and KHM concomitantly. and causality of LI was not assessed properly. The incidence of LI related to the use of KHM was estimated as 0.59%-0.76% from all data of these studies. The conflicting results were shown on the change of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TB) after the use of KHM. Conclusions : KHM might be a minor cause of LI in Korea. However the results are not strongly supported as enough to make the safety issue clear because of the limitations of original studies. More rigorous studies are required for answering the safety issue of KHM with the cooperative investigation of both fields of Korean traditional medicine and western medicine.

• 동의생리학회지
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• 제14권2호통권20호
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• pp.157-178
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• 1999

In terms of the bolt-leaf-hanges in Three-yum and Three yang I referd to successive medical books and many recent literatures on the basis of Huangjenegeong Somun Treatise on the Darting and meeting of Yin and yang, thus considerd concept of successive commentators about the bolt-leaf-hanges in Three-yum and Three yang and reconstructed and systeamtically arranged the bolt-leaf-hanges's interrelationship, yum-yang's relation and movement of six chnnel, and then studied there trinciple in all the universe apply the body and the process is operated by the bolt-leaf-hanges in the trinciples followed in human make his life adaption environment. The process is operated by the bolt-leaf-hanges in Three-yum and Three yang. The trinciples followed in. Firstly, Three-yum and Three yang is not dirrerentiate by many, middle, little of yum-yanggi's different function & role. Secondly, Three-yum and Three yang is negatively related white showing that there is the bolt-leaf-hanges relationship through space of Three-yum and Three yang. Through internal relationship of Three yum channel & Three yang channel, it can be proven that Three-yum and Three yang is in negative relation and through achieving the bolt-leaf-hanges relation in dimensional concept, it can be proven that it can actually be applied to human. Thirdly, by showing Three-yum and Three yang's the bolt-leaf-hanges relation is relation between Three yum & Three yang as well as negative relation, it can be shown that Three-yum and Three yang's the bolt-leaf-hanges activity is circular, and that it maintains itself through appropriate transformation. Fourth, understanding of Three-yum and Three yang's the bolt-leaf-hanges relationship and yum-yang Concern & six channer's activity has been varied. It means that the understanding is affected by socity, philosophical & research culture of the various times. The purpose has been to systematically arrange and diagnosing Three-yum and Three yang's the bolt-leaf-hanges and thus make up a fundamental for recognition. But, further study should be carried out on medical explanation on the bolt-leaf-hanges and interpretation and operation of the bolt-leaf-hanges in O-UnYukKiron.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2003

장출혈성 대장균에 의한 식중독의 대규모 집단발생이 2003년 5월부터 9월까지 국내에서 발생하였다. 오염된 학교 급식을 통해 감염된 환자들은 주로 서울과 경기도에서 발생하였다. 이 식중독의 결과로, 2003년 한 해, 총 36명의 환자들이 용혈성 요독 증후군으로 진단되었고, 그 중 5명의 환자가 본원을 방문하였다. 올해 대규모 집단 발생 이전에 저자들은 지난 14년간 본원에서 총23명의 용혈성 요독 증후군 환자들을 보고하였는데, 이들은 모두 췌장 효소의 상승이 없었다. 지난 14년간의 보고와는 달리, 올해의 용혈성 요독 증후군 환자들은 심한 복통과 2명에서 현저한 췌장 효소의 상승을 보였다. 저자들은 2003년에 유행하였던 용혈성 요독 증후군 환자 중에서 췌장염을 일시적으로 동반하였던 2례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.25-53
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• 2007

The Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM) of information systems investigates the continued information systems usage behavior. This paper expands the original post-adoption beliefs and searches the applications in the emerging hedonic information systems. Previous IS researches focused on the organizational environments. However as the information technology (especially internet) evolves, information systems have not only emerged for the organizations but also for the individual users, such as internet portals, internet communities, on-line games etc. These information systems so called Hedonic Information Systems aims to provide self-fulfilling value rather than instrumental value to the users. Researches in other disciplines, including marketing and consumer behavior research, illustrate that the hedonic and utilitarian perspective of goods and services have different influence on the consumer behavior. Goods and services used to be classified into either hedonic or utilitarian aspect but now they may belong to both aspects simultaneously. Moreover consumer's goals or tasks have both hedonic utilitarian aspects. When a consumer makes a decision to purchase or repurchase goods or services, he/she compares the hedonic and utilitarian perspectives of goods to find most suitable ones to satisfy their goals/tasks. Finally, consumer's behavior is determined by the trade-off between what the goods can provide to the consumers and in what extent the goods fulfill consumer's purchase behavior. Consumer also shows that the salience of hedonic perspective is relatively greater when consumer decides which of several items to give up (forfeiture choices) than the time when they decide which item to acquire (acquisition choices). Some researches in MIS discipline have found out that the information systems also have both hedonic and utilitarian perspectives. The decision process of whether to use information systems or not is similar to that of a consumer's decision of purchasing or repurchasing goods or services. However most of researches in MIS tend to focus on the extrinsic motivation variables which only cover the utilitarian perspective of information systems. It is only recent that researches start to investigate the intrinsic motivation variable - Perceived Enjoyment - for the hedonic perspective. Considering the consumer's purchasing decision process, users of information systems evaluate the systems through balancing between intrinsic (hedonic) and extrinsic (utilitarian) variables according to their main tasks or tendencies. This paper proposes a model that is based on the ECM of IS Continuance model modified from Expectation Confirmation Model to fit into the continued usage of information system. It first started from the decision process regarding hedonic and utilitarian perspectives in the consumer behavior literatures. The model deals with continued usage of information systems beyond the mere technology adoption as in most of the previous MIS researches. This research is particularly important to the hedonic information systems, because their business model depends on the frequent usages rather simple adoption at the beginning. Because the basic model only considered the extrinsic motivations (perceived usefulness) to explain the users' behavior and as the information systems can have both hedonic and utilitarian dimensions, it should consider both perspectives. Therefore, this newly proposed model considers intrinsic variable (perceived enjoyment) as well. Since the individual user can have a preference on either aspects that is between the hedonic and utilitarian perspective depending on his/her main tasks or goals, some variables (Hedonic Orientation and Utilitarian Orientation) meaning the extents of users' pursuing from the information system were additionally studied.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 1988

In recent years, Korean traditional culture has been reviewed in many ways. And Great efforts have been made to form a culture suitable for the Koreans. With these tendencies, the interest in Korean traditional foods has been greater. So this paper is intended to identify and analyze the kinds, materials and cooking processes of the rice cakes needed for ancestral worship rites in the court of Choson Dynasty. The work is centered around the Tae-sang-ji written by Lee kun-myong in 1873-the 10th year since king kojong's coming to the throne. And we study such literatures on foods and cooking processes as Kyugon-si-ui-bang, Yo-rok, Jungbo-Sallim-Kyungjae, Kyuhap-Chongso, Si-ui-jon-so and so on. The results are compared and analyzed. Cooking processes and materials of Korean rice cakes in Choson Dynasty were various and had traditional characteristics. Rice cakes necessarily needed for various rites were called pyun especially when they were used for ancestral worship. And many different kinds of Pyun were used according to seasons. There were nineteen kinds of rice cakes used for ancestral worship in the court: Gu-i-Byung, Bun-ja-Byung, Baek-Byung and so on. The six; Gu-i-Byung, Bun-ja-Byung, Sam-sik-Byung, Yi-sik-Byung, Baek-Byung and Huk Byung were essential for the great rites at Jong-myo and Young-nyung-Jeon and so they were highly thought of. Main materials of these six were rice, glutinousrice, sorghum and wheat flour. Cooking processes of the rice cakes above mentioned can be classified into frying, beating, boiling, steaming, etc. Powder for covering rice cakes was made of bean, pine nut, sesame and red bean, of which bean was made the greatest use of. If was very wise of them to use these kinds of powder, for they supply protein and lipid of which rice cakes are destitute and they also add colors and good tastes to rice cakes. But Korean traditional rice cakes are less used as the thought of rites has changed and various kinds of desserts have been developed. And yet there is no denying the fact that even now rice cakes play a great role in traditional formalities.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.489-497
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• 2012

탕평채의 전통 조리법 발굴을 위해 1700년대부터 1960년대의 고문헌 및 고조리서에 수록된 탕평채의 재료, 양념, 조리방법의 변화 등을 검토하였다. 탕평채는 1700년대 말의 문헌인"경도잡지"와 "고사십이집"에 처음 소개된 후 "임원십육지", "동국세시기", "송남잡식", "진찬의궤", "진작의궤", "명물기략", "규곤요람", "시의전서", "조선요리제법", "조선무쌍신식요리제법", "주부의 동무, 조선요리제법", "조선요리학", "이조궁정요리통고", "우리나라 음식 만드는 법"등에 탕평채가 수록되었다. 조선시대 궁중 연회음식을 수록한 "진찬의궤"와 "진작의궤"에는 청포채란 명칭으로 탕평채가 소개되어 있다. 탕평채의 재료 중 묵, 고기, 미나리, 숙주나물, 달걀, 김의 사용이 보편화된 것은 1900년대 중반 이후이며, 달래, 물쑥과 같은 봄나물을 재료로 사용한 기록도 있다. 1700년대 말에는 단지 초장(간장과 초로 만듦)으로만 무쳐 먹었던 탕평채는 이후 간장, 초 뿐 아니라 고추, 후춧가루, 깨소금, 참기름, 마늘, 파, 소금, 설탕 등을 사용해서 양념하여 보다 다양한 맛을 내고자 하였다. 또한 미나리, 고춧가루, 실고추, 지단채, 통잣, 잣가루, 깨소금, 김 등을 고명으로 사용했다. 탕평채의 조리방법은 1800년대 말의 문헌부터 비교적 자세히 기술되어 있다. 1800년대 말에는 모든 재료를 함께 양념했으나, 1900년대에는 다른 재료를 먼저 양념하고 마지막에 묵을 넣고 무치는 방법도 사용했다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.896-902
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• 2001

Objectives : Aspergillosis of central nervous system(CNS) is a rare pathologic condition and it has been known to be difficult to diagnose and treat. We analyzed seven cases of central nervous system aspergillosis. The clinical characteristics, and the problems in diagnosis and treatment are discussed with review of previous literatures. Material and Methods : We reviewed the clinical records, radiological findings, and pathologic reports of 7 patients with aspergillosis which involved CNS. Results : Five patients were immunocompetent, and infection was related with previous operation in 4 of them. Two patients were immunocompromised and had no history of operation. Five patients had intracranial lesions and two had spinal lesions. Mean duration from the onset of initial symptom to pathologic diagnosis was 2.4 months. Mean duration from the previous operation to the onset of symptom was 9.3 months, and from the onset of symptom to diagnosis was 2.9 months in the patients who had histories of operation. All of them were treated with surgical procedures and intravenous and oral antifungal agents, resulting in cure in 6 cases. Mean duration of the treatment was 4.9 months. Conclusion : Because aspergillosis of CNS is a rare disease and is difficult to be differentiated from the pyogenic abscess or recurrent tumor, the pathologic diagnosis is very important for adequate treatment. Although the prognosis of aspergillosis of CNS has been known to be poor, adequate surgery for both diagnosis and treatment and antifungal chemotherapy resulted in good outcome.