• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2006

저 농도와 고 농도 돈분 액비의 비료효과를 비교하기 위해 제주대학교 목장에서 2005년 6월부터 9월까지 피의 생산성, 피 재배 토양의 화학적 특성 및 용탈수 특성을 조사하였다. 실험은 난괴법 4처리 (무비구, 200 N kg/ha +150Pkg/ha+150 K kg/ha 화학비료구, 200 N kg/ha 1.8% DM 저농도 돈액비구, 200 N kg/ha DM 7.0% 고농도 돈액비구) 4반복으로 실시하였다. 용탈수는 2005년 8월 21일(1차), 9월 9일(2차) 및 9월 26일(3차)에 각각 채취하였다. 피의 건물수량은 처리 간 통계적 유의차가 없었으나 화학비료구가 가장 높았으며, 초장은 무비구 보다 화학비료와 돈분 액비 시용구에서 통계적으로 유의적 증가를 보였다. 피의 질소, 인 및 칼륨 흡수량은 화학비료와 고농도 돈액비구에서 다른 처리 보다 높은 추세였다. 토양의 OM함량은 무비 보다 비료시용(화학비료와 돈액비시용구)에서 높았으며 Na 함량은 저농도 액비구에서 가장 높았다. 용탈수 중 $NO_{3^-}N$와 $NH_{4^-}N$ 함량은 처리 간 뚜렷한 차이를 발견치 못 하였으며 1차 채수된$SO_4$ 함량은 고농도 액비에서 3차 채수된 $SO_4$ 함량은 저 농도 액비에서 유의적 증가를 보였다(p<0.05). 1차 채수된 용탈수에서 Cl, Mg 및 Na 함량이 고농도 액비에서 2, 3차 채수 시에는 저 농도 액비구에서 높은 함량을 보였다. 결론적으로 하계작물 피에 고농도 액비 시용은 화학비료나 저농도 액비보다 그의 생산성이나 토양 특성에 큰 영향이 없었으며 다만 시용 초기에 용탈 수의 $SO_4$나 Cl, Mg 및 Na 함량에 영향을 주고 있었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.731-735
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• 2015

The effects of liquid pig manure (LPM) on the yield and nutrient supply of green manure crops, such as hairy vetch alone and hairy vetch + rye mixture, were investigated. We used three treatments: no-fertilizer (NF); LPM, $4.0t10a^{-1}$ ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=4.0-0.024-4.0kg10a^{-1}$); and chemical fertilizer (CF; $N-P_2O_5-K_2O=4.0-0-4.0kg10a^{-1}$). The green manure crops, namely, Vicia villosa Roth. (hairy vetch) and Secale cereale L. (rye). were sown on March 11 and harvested on June 24, 2014. Yield of green manure crops significantly increased in hairy vetch + rye mixture plot compared with the hairy vetch alone plot. In hairy vetch alone plot, yield of green manure crops was increased by application of LPM and CF, but there were no significant differences. Yield of green manure crops in hairy vetch + rye fresh mixture plot significantly increased by the LPM and CF treatments, but no difference was noted between the LPM and CF treatments. Nitrogen supply by the green manure crops was higher in hairy vetch + rye mixture plot than hairy vetch alone plot. However, there was no significant difference. Phosphorus and potassium supply significantly increased in hairy vetch + rye mixture plot compared with hairy vetch alone plot. By treating LPM and CF, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supply were higher than those in no fertilizer. In conclusion, LPM could replace CF. When planting green manure crops, the hairy vetch + rye mixture was more effective than hairy vetch alone to effectively use green manure crops.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제11권3로
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• pp.189-196
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• 2005

본 연구는 국내에 설치되어 있는 액비저장조의 운영실태를 조사하고, 액비저장조에서 발생되는 악취물질을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 1. 국내에 200톤 규모의 액비저장조를 설치한 60 농가를 대상으로 한 본 조사에서 약 $93\%$가 액비저장조를 제대로 가동을 하고 있었으며 이중 $57\%$가 액비제조시 폭기 처리하고 있었다. 2. 조사 농가 중 년간 액비의 활용 횟수는 2회가 $50\%$로 나타났고 액비의 부숙 효과를 높이고 악취를 저감시키기 위한 목적으로 $64\%$가 미생물제제를 첨가하고 있었다. 반면에 액비 이용시 인력 장비의 비용 및 악취물질 발생 저감을 위한 첨가제 비용이 $43\%$로 조사되어 액비이용 시 문제점으로 지적되었다. 3. 액비 제조 형태별 악취물질 발현양상으로 호기 제조시 액비저장조내에서는 iso-valeric acid가 0.012에서 0.07ppm, Propionic acid가 $0.17\~2.85ppm$의 범위로 검지되었으며 혐기 제조시에는 n-Butyric acid가 1.5에서 2.3ppm, n-valeric acid가 $1.3\~1.8ppm$, acetaldehyde가 0.8에서 2.1ppm로 검지되어 호기 제조방법과 혐기 제조방법 모두 휘발성 지방산의 농도는 악취방지법의 규제농도 이상이었다. 부지경계선에서의 악취물질을 보면 호기시에는 미검출로 나타났고 혐기 제조시에는 Acetaldehyde가 $0.4\~0.9ppm$ 수준으로 검지되어 악취방지법의 규제농도를 초과였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2006

철원군의 모범적 사례로 평가받고 있는 돈분 액비화 사업이 전국으로 확산되고 있으나 최근 액비의 악취문제로 민원이 발생함에 따라 일부 돈본뇨 액비저장조가 가동되지 못하는 사례가 생기고 있다. 따라서 본 시험연구는 대표적 액비저장조의 유형에 따라 악취발생 정도와 액비의 품질을 비교 검토하고 각 저장형태에 따른 장단점을 분석하여 돈분저장조의 발전적 개선을 통하여 돈분 액비화사업의 활성화에 도움이 되고자 수행하였다. 액비 표면상으로 배출되는 악취가스농도는 무처리 저장조가 분사교반식/폭기식 저장조보다 높았으나 밖으로 풍겨 나오는 악취 감지정도는 분사교반식/폭기식 저장조가 무처리 저장조보다 높았다. 분사교반 또는 폭기처리한 액비는 액비품질의 균질도가 높은 반연 무처리 저장조의 액비는 상층, 중층, 및 저층 간의 성분함량 차이가 많아 무처리 액비는 시용시 작물의 균일한 생육이 어려울 것으로 생각되었다. 무처리 저장조는 배출액비의 악취발생 잠재능이 분사교반식 또는 폭기식 저장조의 액비보다 높아 실제 시용시 악취발생이 더 많을 것으로 추정되었다. 분사교반식 저장조는 액비에 이물질 혼입시 액비순환장치에 이상을 가져와 고장이 잦은 것으로 나타났고, 폭기식 저장조는 공기주입배관이 하나밖에 없어 전체액비에 폭기효과가 나타나지 못하는 것으로 추정되었다. 액비의 저장기간에 따른 유기물 및 건물중의 감소경향은 무처리 저장조에서는 뚜렷하였으나 분사교반/폭기처리 저장조의 감소경향은 일관성이 없었다. 무처리 저장조는 액비의 악취저감을 위하여 폭기 또는 교반시설을 추가하여야 할 것으로 생각되었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.345-359
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• 2013

The Ministry of Environment established a plan for advancement of livestock manure management in July 2011 and finalized the "Comprehensive Measures for Advancement of Livestock Manure Management" in May 2012 complementing and strengthening the plan. In this process, it was necessary to investigate the status of discharge of livestock manure and its environmental impact, for example on rivers, groundwater, arable outflow water and soil. We investigated types of livestock husbandry, discharge of livestock manure, and production and use of organic fertilizers and presented the improvement measures of livestock manure management and organic fertilizer use. First, it is necessary to come up with measures to calculate appropriate density and numbers of livestock animals and prevent overcrowded breeding. Second, as many of the private livestock manure treatment facilities are out-dated and their long-term aerated reaction tanks are not regularly managed, it is necessary to find ways to improve those facilities through inspection and diagnosis. In addition, since existing public treatment facilities are designed to add clean water to belt filter press, additional water is needed. Therefore, it is necessary to improve belt filter press in order to decrease the extra water. Finally, although large-scale organic fertilizer plants and resources recycling centers produce good organic (liquid) fertilizers with proper components, it is necessary to establish standards for maturity of liquid fertilizers in order to facilitate efforts to turn livestock manure into resources.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of the mixed application of chemical fertilizer (CF) and liquid swine manure (LSM) on the agronomic characteristics, dry matter yield, amino acids, minerals, and free sugars in cultivating Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrid (SSH) on paddy soil. The field experiment was designed in a randomized block design with three replications and consisted of CF 100% (C), CF 70% + LSM 30% (T1), CF 50% + LSM 50% (T2), CF 30% + LSM 70% (T3), and LSM 100% treatment (T4). The application of LSM was based solely on the nitrogen. Plant length, leaf length, leaf width and number of leaf were significantly higher in T4 (p<0.05), but stem diameter did not show significant differences among treatments. Stem hardness increased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate decreased, but sugar degree decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate decreased. Fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield were the highest in T4, whereas the lowest in T2 (p<0.05). Crude protein, crude fat and crude ash were the highest in C, T4 and T2, respectively (p<0.05). However, NDF and ADF did not show significant difference among treatments. Crude fiber decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. The total mineral content was decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. Total amino acid content was higher in the order of T1> C> T3> T4> T2 (p<0.05). Free sugar content increased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. The analysis of all the above results suggests that the application of liquid swine manure is very effective, considering the yield performance and the content of sugar degree and free sugar. In addition, liquid swine manure may be possible to grow Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass hybrid without chemical fertilizer.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.722-727
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• 2017

Livestock manure is known to be the main cause of non-point pollution in agricultural areas. The pollutant reduction ratio of livestock manure recycling to fertilizers was measured in order to analyze the effect on the water quality of the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) system in Korea. The reduction ratio has been applied by theoretical consideration without a survey, and there is no value for Total Organic Carbon (TOC) newly introducing any organic items. The reduction ratio of each pollutant from this study was revealed as follows: TOC, BOD, T-N and T-P were 0.34, 0.60, 0.37, and 0.42 for individual farm and 0.38, 0.61, 0.45 and 0.44 for entrustment facilities, respectively. The reduction ratio of individual farm was surveyed as TOC 0.63, BOD 0.62, T-N 0.42 and T-P 0.32 for liquid fertilizer, and TOC 0.30, BOD 0.64, T-N 0.40 and T-P 0.48 for compost. The total reduction ratio was derived by multiplying the ratio for liquid fertilizer and compost by the respective load. Compared to the pollutant reduction ratio of the individual farm with entrustment facilities marking the higher in liquid fertilizer and the lower in compost. Through this study, we found the difference of pollutant reduction ratio between a livestock manure recycling process and facilities. Although phosphorus is known as a preservative matter, the treatment efficiency of T-P is analyzed to decrease by chemical precipitation.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2013

We studied the possibility to produce solid fuel using cattle manure and to apply TAO (Thermophilic Aerobic Oxidation) process of solid-liquid separation fraction. The physiochemical compositions of cattle manure solid fuel chip were analyzed as water 0.12%, low calorific value 3,510 kcal/kg, ashes 11.9%, chlorine 0.82%, sulfur dust 0.5%, mercury non-detection, cadmium 1.0 mg/kg, lead 2 mg/kg, arsenic non-detection. In treating cattle manure with TAO reactor the internal temperature of the reactor was increasing higher and $50^{\circ}C$ and over was maintained after 20 hours on. The physiochemical compositions of liquids increased from pH 7.3 to pH 9.18 and EC decreased from 4.6 to 3.48 mS/cm in treating process of cattle manure with TAO reactor. COD and SCOD decreased from 16,800 to 10,400 mg/L, from 4,600 to 2,040 mg/L respectively, which showed about 38% and 56% of remove efficiency respectively.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.308-316
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to determine reduction of various odorous materials from a swine farm equipped with a continuous pit recirculation system (CPRS) with aerobically treated liquid manure. Methods: The CPRS is used in swine farms in South Korea, primarily to improve air quality in pig houses. In this study, CPRS consists of a manure aerobic treatment system and a fit recirculation system; the solid fraction is separated and composted, whereas the aerobically treated liquid fraction (290.0%±21.0% per day of total stored swine slurry) is continuously returned to the pit. Four confinement pig barns in three piggery farms were used; two were equipped with CPRS and the other two operated a slurry pit under the slatted floor. Results: All chemical contents of slurry pit manure in the control were greater than those of slurry pit manure in the CRPS treatment (p<0.05). Electrical conductivity and pH contents did not differ among treatments. The biological oxygen demand of the slurry pit treatment was greater than that of the other treatments (p<0.05). Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen contents of the slurry pit treatment were greater than those of other treatments (p<0.05). Odor intensity of the CPRS treatment was lower than that of the control at indoor, exhaust, and outside sampling points (p<0.05). The temperature and carbon dioxide of the CPRS treatment in the pig barn was significantly lower than those of control (p<0.05). All measured odorous material contents of the CPRS group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The CPRS application in pig farms is considered a good option as it continuously reduces the organic load of animal manure and lowers the average odorant concentration below the threshold of detecting odorous materials.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2007

본 시험은 근적외선분광법을 이용한 돈분뇨 액비의 질소, 인산, 칼리, 수분 및 유기물의 분석 가능성을 구명하고, 이를 활용한 분석기의 개발을 목적으로 수행하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 돈분뇨 액비시료는 $400{\sim}2,500nm$ 대역의 근적외선을 시료에 투과하여 측정하였으며, 동일시료에 대한 습식분석 결과, N, $P_2O_5,\;K_2O$, 수분 및 유기물 함량은 각각 1,555mg/l, 302mg/l, 240mg/l, 98.8%, 0.53%로 조사되었다. 2. 근적외선 분광광도법을 이용한 분석에서 N, $P_2O_5,\;K_2O$, 수분 및 유기물에 대한 RSQ ($r^2$, R, Coefficient of determination)는 각각 0.9190, 0.9749, 0.5046, 0.9883 및 0.9777이었고 SEC(Standard Error of Calibration)는 2.1649, 0.5019, 1.9252, 0.1180 및 0.0789였다. 3. 액비에 대한 이화학적 습식분석과 NIR 흡수스펙트럼 측정결과를 비교 분석하여 돈 분뇨 액비에 포함된 질소, 인산, 칼리, 수분 및 유기물 함량을 실시간으로 분석하고 액비 성분량을 자동 계산할 수 있는 알고리즘을 도입한 액비분석 프로그램을 작성하였다. 4. 액비 성분분석 시작기는 근적외선(NIR : Near InfraRed)을 받아들여 실시간으로 액비성분의 흡수율을 측정하는 광검출장치(NIR Spectrometer), 근적외선 Light Source로부터 나오는 빛을 반사시키는 반사경, 액비성분 분석용 시료를 넣어 측정하는 Cell Mount, $400{\sim}2,500nm$ 대역의 가시광선-근적외선을 방출하는 Tungsten halogen lamp, NIR Spectrometer와 Tungsten halogen lamp로 전압을 입력시켜 주는 Power Supply Module 및 전체를 Black Anodizing한 외형으로 구성되었다. 5. 실험결과, 칼리를 제외한 액비내 모든 성분이 광을 흡수하는 강도는 성분의 농도에 비례하였으며 원시 스펙트럼의 중첩 제거 및 빛의 산란보정을 통해 액비의 질소, 인산성분, 수분 및 유기물 함량을 측정하는데 효과적으로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 분광분석법을 이용한 액비성분 분석기 개발이 완료되면 현장에서 신속하고 정확한 분석이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.