• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.306-314
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• 2021

The application of organic fertilizer could be accompanied by potential hazards to soil and humans due to trace metals. Livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer is a well-established approach for the stabilization of nutrients and the reduction of pathogens and odors in manures, which can be evaluated as compost·liquefied. In this study, the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizers produced at 333 liquid manure public resource centers and liquid fertilizer distribution centers were collected from May to December 2019. The nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), physicochemical properties, and heavy metal content were investigated. The livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer was measured using a mechanical maturity measurement device. The organic matter, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, E. coli (O157:H7), Salmonella, etc. of the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizers were analyzed. The average heavy metal content in the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer was as follows: Cr 2.9 mg/kg (0.2~8.7 mg/kg), Cu 20.4 mg/kg (1.6~74.1 mg/kg), Ni 1.3 mg/kg (0.4~4.2 mg/kg), and Zn 79.8 mg/kg (3.0~340.7 mg/kg). Although large-scale organic fertilizer plants and resources recycling centers produce good organic (liquid) fertilizers with proper components, it is necessary to standardize livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer in order to facilitate efforts to turn livestock manure into useful resources.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경농학회 2009년도 정기총회 및 국제심포지엄
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• pp.329-338
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• 2009

대기 중으로 휘산 되는 대부분의 암모니아는 농경지에 시용하는 가축분뇨, 퇴비 및 질소비료에서 유래하며, 휘산된 암모니아는 강하 (Deposition)를 통해서 자연생태계의 산성화를 초래하고 수계의 부영양화를 유발하는 원인물질로 작용한다. 본 연구에서는 돈분뇨 및 퇴비 시용방법에 따른 암모니아 휘산량을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 돈분퇴비 표층살포 (SA), 표층살포 후 즉시 경운(IRA), 표층살포 3일후 경운 (RA-3d) 처리구의 13일동안 암모니아 휘산량은 각각, 28.7, 8.7, 24.3 kg N/ha 로 IRA 처리구는 SA 처리구에 비해 약 70% 저감효과를 가져왔다. 돈분 액비 표층 살포 후 즉시 경운은 무경에 비해 봄과 가을 각각 26, 50% 의 암모니아 휘산량 저감 효과가 있었다. 그리고 수분 함량에 따른 암모니아 휘산량은 수분 함량이 높을수록 건조 토양에 비해 증가 하였다. 돈분 액비 시용 전후 담수 조건에 따른 암모니아 휘산량은 담수 상태에서 액비를 시용하는 것이 건토에 액비 살포 1일 후 담수 보다 약 4.7배의 암모니아 휘산량 증가가 있었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.589-602
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• 2011

In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the effect of different compost teas on plant growth reponses and yield of leaf lettuce. Compost tea is a liquid extract of compost obtained by mixing compost and water for a defined period of time. The pig manure and spent mushroom compost were made by steeping compost in water. Compost tea was aerated from 24 hours and molasses and kelp were added as supplements. The four types of compost were tested growth of lettuce. EC of animal manure compost tea was higher than that of spent mushroom compost tea. Mineral nutrients were significantly higher in animal manure compost tea compared with spent mushroom compost tea. Compost tea contains nutrient and a ranges of different organisms. The beneficial fungi and actinomycetes were prominent in a spent mushroom compost tea. Compost tea from animal manure had the higher numbers of total bacteria. The actinomycetes densities were high in spent mushroom compost tea. But actinomycetes were not founded in animal manure compost tea. The growth characteristics of lettuce in animal manure compost tea were higher than those of spent mushroom compost tea. And also SPAD value in leaf was high in plot treated with animal manure compost tea. The fresh yield of lettuce in animal compost tea was higher by 181% that of control plot. The effect of compost tea on growth of lettuce was largely attributable to mineral nutrient.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 축산자원화물을 농지에 주입 시 유출 및 침출에 의하여 삭감되는 축분자원화물의 전환율을 산정하고자 실험실 시험을 실시하여 조사 및 분석하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 강우강도의 증가에 따라 농지로부터 유출유량도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 침투수의 유량은 강우강도 20mm/hr 미만에서는 강우의 대부분이 지하로 침투하였으며, 32.4mm/hr 이상의 강우강도에서는 5.0L로서 거의 유사하거나, 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 토양의 구성성분과 다짐의 정도가 유사할 경우 표면유출은 강우강도의 크기에 의존함을 알 수 있었다. 액비를 시비한 경우, 표면유출수의 유량은 퇴비를 시비한 반응조와 거의 유사하였으며, 침투수의 유량은 퇴비 시비시보다 작게 나타났다. 오염물질의 항목에 따른 농지유출비는 BOD가 0.00003, $COD_{cr}$은 0.00006, TN은 0.00056, TP는 0.00011, 그리고 TOC는 0.00005로서 항목에 따라 다소 차이가 있었다. 특히, TN 유출비는 타 항목에 비하여 10배 이상의 높은 값을 보였다. 한편, SS의 경우 농지유출비는 0.001로 매우 높게 나타났는데, 이는 시비된 오염물질의 유출이라기보다는 토양자체의 미세한 콜로이드성 입자의 유출에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다. 32.4~57.1mm/hr의 모든 강우강도를 고려할 때, 자원화물이 농지에서 삭감되는 농지 삭감비는 BOD의 경우 퇴비는 94.9~98.4%, 액비는 85.8~98.1%의 높은 범위를 보였다. TN은 퇴비의 경우 96.6~98.4%의 범위를 보였으며, 액비의 농지 삭감율은 97.2~98.5%의 범위로서 대부분의 자원화물이 농지에서 삭감되는 것으로 조사되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.763-772
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• 2018

Objective: Swine manure in Korea is separated into solid and liquid phases which are composted separately and then applied on land. The nutrient accumulation in soil has been a big issue in Korea but the basic investigation about nutrient input on arable land has not been achieved in detail. Within the nutrient production from livestock at the national level, most values are calculated by multiplication of the number of animals with the excreta unit per animal. However, the actual amount of nutrients from swine manure may be totally different with the nutrients applied to soil since livestock breeding systems are not the same with each country. Methods: This study investigated 15 farms producing solid compost and 14 farms producing liquid compost. Composting for solid phase used the Turning+Aeration (TA) or Turning (T) only methods, while liquid phase aeration composting was achieved by continuous (CA), intermittent (IA), or no aeration (NA). Three scenarios were constructed for investigating solid compost: i) farm investigation, ii) reference study, and iii) theoretical P changes (${\Delta}P=0$), whereas an experiment for water evaporation was conducted for analyzing liquid compost. Results: In farm investigation, weight loss rates of 62% and 63% were obtained for TA and T, respectively, while evaporation rates for liquid compost were 8.75, 7.27, and $5.14L/m^2{\cdot}d$ for CA, IA, and NA, respectively. Farm investigation provided with the combined nutrient load (solid+liquid) of VS, N, and P of 117.6, 7.2, and $2.7kg/head{\cdot}yr$. Nutrient load calculated from farm investigation is about two times higher than the calculated with reference documents. Conclusion: The nutrient loading coefficients from one swine (solid+liquid) were (volatile solids, 0.79; nitrogen, 0.53; phosphorus, 0.71) with nutrient loss of 21%, 47%, and 29%, respectively. The nutrient count from livestock manure using the excretion unit has probably been overestimated without consideration of the nutrient loss.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.453-461
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• 2019

본 연구는 옥수수 유기재배에서 대부분 수입에 의존하여 사용되고 있는 유박의 대체제 선발을 위해 아미노산액비와 퇴비차의 혼합처리를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 유기질 비료 성분 중 질소, 유효인산, 칼륨, 칼슘 및 마그네슘 함량은 유박 > 아미노산액비 > 퇴비차 순이었다. 이들 각각의 유기질 비료는 토양 화학성 변화에 대한 영향이 미미하였다. 옥수수 생육량 중 이삭중에 대해 아미노산액비 및 유박 단독처리가 유의성이 있었고 100립 생체중에 대해서는 모든 처리가 무처리와 비교하여 유의한 증가를 보였다. 이들 퇴비차, 아미노산액비 및 유박 단독처리는 옥수수 상품성 수량을 무처리 대비 각각 3.9, 5.4 및 5.9% 향상시켰다. 한편, 유박 대체제 선발을 위하여 퇴비차와 아미노산액비를 혼합 처리한 결과, 혼합처리도 토양 화학성 변화에 영향이 미미하였다. 생육량에서는 착수고, 착립장, 이삭중 및 100립 생체 중에서 유박 단독처리와 비교하여 혼합처리가 유의성 있는 증가를 보였고 혼합처리에 의한 상품성 수량은 유박 단독처리 대비 3.9% 향상되었다. 따라서, 아미노산액비와 퇴비차의 혼합처리는 유박을 대체할 수 있는 유기농자재 중 하나라고 판단한다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2010

가축분뇨 돈분액비를 벼 재배에 이용하는 방안을 모색하기 위하여 돈분 액비에 대하여 발효단계별로 완숙된 액비를 이용하여 벼 재배 시험을 2007년과 2008년에 전라북도농업기술원 시험답(전북통)에서 실시하였다. 돈분액비는 계단식 발효조내에서 약 6개월 정도 발효시키면서 일반성분과 중금속함량의 변화를 조사하였고, 벼 재배시험은 남평벼를 육묘하여 5월 22일에 재식거리 $30{\times}14cm$로 기계 이앙하였다. 분시비율은 기비 70%, 수비 30%로 하여 화학비료와 비교시험 하였다. 돈분액비의 부숙단계별 성분함량 변화를 보면 총질소는 0.549%~0.122%로 부숙이 진행될수록 낮아졌으며, 인산 나트륨 및 중긍속 함량도 발효가 진행될 수록 낮아졌다. 농가에서 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 돈분액비 233종을 채취하여 조사한 결과 질소농도는 0.558%이고， C/N율은 3.116을 나타냈다. 질소농도의 최저값은 0.13%, 최고값은 0.99%로 큰 차이를 나타냈다. 벼의 질소흡수량은 액비와 화학비료 시용에 따른 생육시가별 벼의 질소흡수량 변화는 액비시용은 최고분얼기에 20.3, 화학비료시용구는 22.2로 화학비료구에서 액비시용구보다 높은 흡수량을 나타냈다. 출수기의 질소농도는 화학비료 처리구에서 1.5% 돈분액비 처리구에서 1.8%를 보여 차이가 크지 않았다. 수확기에 조사한 간장은 돈분액비 처리구에서 73.8 cm로 화학비료 처리구에 비해 4.2 cm 짧았으며, 수장은 차이가 없었다. 수량은 돈분액비 처리구에서 507 kg/10a으로 화학비료 처리구에 비해 1.2% 낮은 수준을 보였다. 화학비료 처리구에서는 단백질 함량이 6.3%였으나, 돈분액비 시용구에서는 6.4% 로써 처리구 간에 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 도복벼에서는 6.8%로 화학비료 처리구와 돈분액비 처리구중의 정상 벼보다 높게 나타냈다. 현미품위 중 완전미율은 화학비료 처리구에 비해서 돈분액비 처리구에서 낮은 경향이었으며, 백미품위, 식미값도 유사한 경향이었다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 돈분액비 시용은 숙성된 액비를 균일 살포 할 경우 관행적인 화학비료 시용에 상응하는 효과가 있다고 생각된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.722-727
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• 2017

Livestock manure is known to be the main cause of non-point pollution in agricultural areas. The pollutant reduction ratio of livestock manure recycling to fertilizers was measured in order to analyze the effect on the water quality of the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) system in Korea. The reduction ratio has been applied by theoretical consideration without a survey, and there is no value for Total Organic Carbon (TOC) newly introducing any organic items. The reduction ratio of each pollutant from this study was revealed as follows: TOC, BOD, T-N and T-P were 0.34, 0.60, 0.37, and 0.42 for individual farm and 0.38, 0.61, 0.45 and 0.44 for entrustment facilities, respectively. The reduction ratio of individual farm was surveyed as TOC 0.63, BOD 0.62, T-N 0.42 and T-P 0.32 for liquid fertilizer, and TOC 0.30, BOD 0.64, T-N 0.40 and T-P 0.48 for compost. The total reduction ratio was derived by multiplying the ratio for liquid fertilizer and compost by the respective load. Compared to the pollutant reduction ratio of the individual farm with entrustment facilities marking the higher in liquid fertilizer and the lower in compost. Through this study, we found the difference of pollutant reduction ratio between a livestock manure recycling process and facilities. Although phosphorus is known as a preservative matter, the treatment efficiency of T-P is analyzed to decrease by chemical precipitation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2012

There are different types of compost used as soil conditioners and fertilizers. Plants can have different responses to different forms of compost. This field study was performed to examine the effects of different types of compost on growth factors of three dry rangeland species (Atriplex, $Atriplex$ $lentiformis$; Saltwort, $Seidlitzia$ $rosmarinus$; Haloxylon, $Haloxylon$ $persicum$) and soil properties. The experiment was conducted in the Fars Province of Iran during the year 2010-2011. Compost applications consisted of compost tea, solid compost (SC), solid and liquid mixture (MX) and no compost as the control. The study was a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The results showed that all the tested compost applications enhanced the growth traits of all three species. It was also demonstrated that the use of compost significantly increased the organic matter (1% probability level [PL]), nitrogen concentration (5% PL), phosphorous (5% PL) and potassium (5% PL) concentrations of the soil. The soil's pH level was unchanged (range, 7.3 to 7.6), and the sodium concentration was also significantly decreased (1% PL) by the use of compost. The higher responses were observed in canopy volume and soil sodium and the lower were observed in stem diameter and soil pH level. Among the three plants in the study, Atriplex showed the best response to the application of compost. Based on the results of this study, it can be recommended that the best compost application to increase growth and improve soil condition is the mixed compost (MX) for Atriplex and the SC for Saltwort and Haloxylon.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.108-115
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• 1991

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of cattle compost application on the change of soil physical properties and their relationship to yield performance of selected main forage crops. Maize(CV. Suweon 19) and sorghum hybrids(CV. Pioneer 9'31) as a summer crops and winter rye were grown on newly reclaimed red yellow soils(Fine loamy, Typic Hapludults) under different application rate of cattle compost associated with chemical NPK fertilization, from Oct. 1986 to Sept. 1989. Experimental field was laid down as a split plots design with four replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Cattle compost application reclaimed soil physical propeties, such as formation of granular structure and water holding capacity, and it result in a great increase of plant growth and the rate of dry matter accumulation. 2. While cattle compost treatment reduced the portion of soild phase of the three phase constituents of soils, it increased the portion of air phase and liquid phase comparatively. 3. Organic matter, N, P, K, and mineral content in soil were markedly increased in the plot treated with compost. 4. Cattle compost application increased fodder production both in maize-rye and sorghum hybrids-rye cultivation. Annual dry matter yield of maize-rye cropping was 2183(NI'K only), 2425(NPK+compvst 3000 kg) and 2800kg/lOa(NPK + compost 6000kg/10a).