• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUND: An analytical method was developed using HPLC-UVD/MS to precisely determine the residue of flusulfamide, a benzenesulfonamide fungicide used to inhibit spore germination. METHODS AND RESULTS: Flusulfamide residue was extracted with acetone from representative samples of five raw products which comprised apple, green pepper, Kimchi cabbage, hulled rice, and soybean. The extract was diluted with large volume of saline water and directly partitioned into dichloromethane to remove polar co-extractives in the aqueous phase. For the hulled rice and soybean samples, n-hexane/acetonitrile partition was additionally employed to remove non-polar lipids. The extract was finally purified by optimized Florisil column chromatography. On an octadecylsilyl column in HPLC, flusulfamide was successfully separated from co-extractives of sample, and sensitively quantitated by ultraviolet absorption at 280 nm with no interference. Accuracy and precision of the proposed method was validated by the recovery experiment on every crop sample fortified with flusulfamide at 3 concentration levels per crop in each triplication. CONCLUSION: Mean recoveries ranged from 82.3 to 98.2% in five representative agricultural commodities. The coefficients of variation were all less than 10%, irrespective of sample types and fortification levels. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) of flusulfamide was 0.02 mg/kg as verified by the recovery experiment. A confirmatory method using LC/MS with selected-ion monitoring technique was also provided to clearly identify the suspected residue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.355-359
• /
• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the hyperglycemic effects of mineral-rich salt in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and normal Wistar rats. Animals were divided into five groups, including a normal group, fed three different experimental salts [purified salt (PS), mineral-rich salt (WS1 and WS2), and bamboo salt (BS)] in the form of 1% salt solution for 12 weeks. Liver, kidney, and spleen weights were significantly increased in GK rats of salt groups as compared to Wistar normal group without salt. However, there was no difference among the salt groups. For serum lipids, total cholesterol level in the BS group and triglyceride level in the WS group were significantly reduced compared to those of the PS group. The concentration of blood glucose in the GK-PS group increased continuously during the experimental period, whereas that in the GK-WS group was significantly reduced at 12 weeks. In GK rats, glucose levels among the salt groups in OGTT by glucose were not significantly different compared to normal rats. Insulin and glucagon levels in blood were not significantly different among the groups, and no such association was observed for insulin. Pancreatic lslets of Langerhans in the PS group showed irregular formation compared to those of the normal, WS, and BS groups.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.1078-1087
• /
• 2020

The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of oral administration for 30 days of the Jijang kimchi extracts on prevention of diabetes, alcoholic liver injury and reduction of blood lipids in laboratory rats with alcoholic liver injury and diabetes induced by streptozotocin. In a diabetic model animals, the blood lipid profile, ALT, and AST levels were lower in kimchi extract groups compared to DC (diabetes control) group, and blood glucose level of DCJK (DC+oral administration with Jijang kimchi extracts) group was lower than that of DCCK (DC+oral administration with commercial kimchi extracts) group. Insulin levels were increased in order of NC (normal control), DCJK > DCCK > DC groups. In alcoholic liver injury model animals, ALT, AST and bilirubin were lowed in order of AC (alcohol group received 1 bottle of soju) > ACCK (1 bottle of soju plus oral administration with commercial kimchi extracts) ACJK (AC plus oral administration with Jijang kimchi extracts) > NC groups. In the clinical pathologic findings of liver tissue, AC group was severely injured, and tended to be improved in groups eating a 1 bottle of soju plus oral administration with kimchi extracts, especially Jijang kimchi extract group. The results suggest that eating Jijang kimchi can improve insulin secretion ability while lowering blood lipid profile, blood sugar and ALT, AST, and bilirubin levles in diabetic and alcoholic liver injury model animals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.194-199
• /
• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Lentinus edodes water extract powder (LEP) in mice fed a high fat diet (HF, 45% kcal fat). Mice were administrated a HF diet supplemented with 1%, 3%, or 5% LEP for 12 weeks. Consumption of HF diet caused increases in body weight, serum lipid profiles, and adipose tissue weights. Serum TC and TG levels in the LEP-supplemented groups were lower than those in the NC group. Supplementation with 5% LEP significantly suppressed body weight gain and reduced the weight of subcutaneous adipose tissue compared to the HF group. HF diet ingestion resulted in higher lipid content and increased lipid peroxidation in the liver. However, LEP supplementation inhibited accumulation of hepatic lipids induced by HF diet, considerably decreased MDA levels, and elevated total antioxidant activity in the livers of mice in the 5% LEP group. Histopathological analysis indicated that the livers of mice fed HF diet developed hepatic steatosis, whereas LEP-treated groups showed small fat droplets. These results suggest that long-term supplementation with LEP may also have an ameliorating effect on HF-induced obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.703-707
• /
• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effect of silk protein hydrolysates hydrolyzed by protease on blood glucose level, serum insulin and leptin secretion in the OLETF rats. Twenty seven week-old-male OLETF rats were divided in three groups: diabetic control, 0.5% and 0.8% silk protein hydrolysates groups that were fed daily for 19 weeks. Body weight increased in the 0.5% and 0.8% silk protein hydrolysates fed groups compared with diabetic control group. Food and water intake were not different among diabetic and silk protein hydrolysates groups. In random state, the blood glucose levels in silk protein hydrolysates fed groups were lower than diabetic control group; however, the blood glucose in the three groups were not different in fasting state. Also silk protein hydrolysates improved the glucose tolerance in OLETF rat. The silk protein hydrolysates did not influence serum lipids while serum insulin and leptin levels were increased in the experimental OLETF rats. These results suggested that the administration of silk protein hydrolysates solution reduced significantly (p<0.05) an increasing rate of blood glucose level by stimulating the insulin secretion and increasing the serum leptin level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.745-752
• /
• 2007

This study examined the effects of different levels of evening primrose oil (EPO) on the accumulation of ${\gamma}$-fatty acids in broiler meat. Six hundred one-day-old male chicks (Ross strain) from commercial broilers were divided randomly into 6 groups${\times}$4 repeat pens. The broilers were fed experimental diets containing 4.0% tallow (control), 0.5% EPO, 0.7% mixed oil (EPO 70:soy bean oil 30), 1.5% EPO, 3.0% EPO or 4.0% EPO for two weeks of broiler finisher. There was a significant difference in body weight gain between the control and treatment groups except for the 0.5% EPO group (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the percentage of thigh and breast weight against the carcass weight between control and treatment groups except for the 0.5% EPO group in the thigh and 0.5% EPO and 4.0% EPO groups in the breast weight (p<0.05). The saturated fatty acid levels of the skin and breast muscle lipid of the broilers fed diets containing EPO were significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.05), while the level of unsaturated fatty acid was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). The ${\gamma}$-fatty acid (GLA, gamma.linolenic acid, 18:3n-6) level was particularly higher in the chicken meat lipids from the broilers fed EPO than in the control group (p<0.05). This shows that feeding EPO to chicks can produce novel functional broiler meat that is enriched in gamma-linolenic acid.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.96-100
• /
• 2008

Pungent oils are fat sources that determine the taste, flavor, and satiety of foods. They are also energy sources and regulators of lipid metabolism in humans. The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seed oil (RPO) and sancho (Zanthoxylum schinifolium) seed oil (SCO) as pungent oils on the lipid profiles of rats fed on hypercholesterolemic diets (0.12% cholesterol), as compared to common soybean oil (SBO). There were large differences in the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios of the experimental oils (SBO: 8.8, SCO: 1.2, RPO: 70.1). Serum cholesterol concentrations were higher in the RPO groups than in the other groups; whereas ratios of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol were lower in the RPO groups. On the other hand, liver cholesterol levels were markedly higher in the SCO groups than in the RPO groups, with the SBO groups having intermediate levels; these largely reflected cholesterol ester content differences in the rat livers. It is possible that the different serum cholesterol responses observed in the RPO and SCO groups might have been related to differences in the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio rather than the polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids ratio. Serum triacylglycerol concentrations were lower in the SCO groups as compared to the other groups. Overall, the results showed a hypocholesterolemic effect for sancho seed oil as compared to red pepper seed oil in rats fed diets containing 0.12% cholesterol.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.932-937
• /
• 2006

The effects of cheonggukjang (CK) on the weight gains, serum and hepatic lipids levels were investigated in adult female rats fed the cholesterol diets. Sprague-Dawley strain rats were given four different types of diet for 4 weeks, respectively: a normal diet, a control diet (10% fat + 0.5% cholesterol), a 5% or 10% CK diets (control diet + 5% or 10% CK powder). The body weights, food intake and food efficiency ratios, and the uterine fat pad weights of 5% CK and 10% CK groups were more significantly decreased than those of the control group. The liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower of the 10% CK group than those of the control group. The concentrations of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL+VLDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index ratios were significantly decreased in the 10% CK group compared with those in the control group. The HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios was significantly increased in the 10% CK group compared with those in the control group. The fecal total lipid excretion of the 5% and 10% CK groups were more increased than those in the control group. These results showed that the 10% cheonggukjang feeding decreased the triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL+VLDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index ratios in serum as well as the triglyceride and cholesterol in liver, and increased the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio in serum.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.7
• /
• pp.784-790
• /
• 2014

Housefly (Musca domestica L.) maggots are used as biomedical material. Ethanolic extracts of fly maggot (EM) were orally administered to male rats at levels of 0 (control group), 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 mg per 100 g live weight for 40 days. Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-C decreased by 17.90, 17.60, and 16.37%, respectively, whereas HDL-C increased by 20.48% in the EM group compared with these parameters in a control group (p<0.05). Thymus and spleen weights dose-dependently increased by 21.42% and 21.42%, respectively, but abdominal fat decreased by 39.66% after EM administration compared with that in the control group (p<0.05). IgG, IgA, and IgM increased 35.14, 68.65, and 190.16%, respectively, in the EM groups compared to the control group (p<0.05). Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus increased by 41.68% and 35.55%, respectively, in the EM groups compared with the control group, and Bacteroides, Clostridium, Escherichia, and Streptococcus decreased by 24.96, 46.37, 25.00, and 34.05%, respectively, in the EM groups compared with the control group (p<0.05). Compared with the control group, total organic acids, acetic acid, and propionic acid increased by 31.11, 49.34, and 24.88%, whereas butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid decreased by 30.79, 72.64, 32.90, and 63.16% respectively, in the EM groups (p<0.05). These results suggest that EM has a bifidogenic effect on immune cell development, blood lipid levels, and abdominal fat reduction by increasing the production of organic acid and numbers of cecal microorganisms in animals.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.7
• /
• pp.826-833
• /
• 2017

The rising concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide is causing ocean acidification and global warming. The seahorse is an important species in marine ecosystems and fishery markets, however, their populations have recently decreased due to ocean acidification. As a result, we examined changes in the physiological responses of the spotted seahorse Hippocampus kuda when it was exposed to acidic sea water (pH 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0) and normal seawater (pH 8.0 as the control) over a period of 15 days. As the pH decreased, the seahorses' body weight and length also decreased. Components in body of ash, the crude lipids and crude proteins also differed significantly with changes in pH, due to stress caused by the seahorses' exposure to the acidic water conditions. The superoxide dismutase levels were significantly lower in the pH 6.0 and 6.5 groups than they were in the pH 7.0 and pH 8.0 groups. However, the catalase and glutathione levels were significantly higher in the acidic sea water groups. We suggest that decreasing the pH level of rearing water induces a stress response in H. kuda, damaging their ability to maintain their homeostasis and energy metabolism. Antioxidant enzymes are generally sensitive to acidic stress; in this study, the antioxidant activity was significantly affected by the pH level of the rearing water. These results indicate that physiological stress, induced by exposure to acidification, induces an antioxidant reaction, which can reduce general components in the body and the growth of H. kuda.