• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution patterns of serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels and the influence of environmental and dietary factors in 201 healthy male subjects. The subjects were found to be 53.7% for the normal, 15.4% for the TC, 17.4% for TG and 13.5% for TC.TG group, respectively. Among general characteristics, smoking significantly affected serum lipid levels of subjects (p < 0.05). Among anthropometric factors, body weight, BMI and PIBW significantly influenced the blood lipid patterns. Body weight of TG group was significantly higher than that of normal group (p < 0.05). BMI and PIBW of TG group and TC.TG group were significantly higher than those of normal group (p < 0.05) . In addition, diastolic blood pressure of TG group was significantly higher than that of normal group (p < 0.05). For the food intake, average intake of fruit was significantly higher in normal group than that of TG group (p < 0.05). For nutrient intake, calcium intake was significantly higher in TC group than those of normal and TC.TG group (p <0.05). Intakes of vitamin $B_2$ and C were significantly higher in TC group than those of in TG group (p < 0.05). Serum HDL-cholesterol level was negatively related to meat, poultry, and their products (p <0.05), but serum total cholesterol level positively related to animal lipids (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that it is crucial for maintaining adequate serum lipid levels to reduce smoking, blood pressure and to lose body weight. As far as food intake concerned, fruit intake was important in maintaining serum triglyceride level normal, while animal food intake affected serum total cholesterol level adversely. (Korean J Nutrition 36(1): 64-74, 2003)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.297-304
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• 1998

Cigarette smoking is a well known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has negative effects on blood lipid and lipoprotein . Some of the associations between smoking and chronic disease can be attributed to the less healthful lifestyles of smokers. A large body of epidemiologic evidence suggests inverse relationships between ischemic heart disease and plasma vitamin C and E concentrations . Smokers have lower plasma concentrations of these vitamins than do nonsmokers. Smokers therefore need antioxidant vitamin supplementation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect vitamin supplementation on plasma lipid patterns in smoking college men. 24subjects were divided into 3 groups of which were the vitamin C supplementation group (n=8), the vitamin E supplementation group(n=8) and the vitamin C+E supplementation group(n=8). The vitamin C supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid, the vitamin E supplementation group consumed 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol, and the vitamin C+E supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid+ 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol for 4 weeks. We examined the plasma lipid patterns before and after the vitamins were supplemented. The results obtained were as follows ; In the vitamin C supplementation group, the concentration of total cholesterol decreased significantly and HDL-cholesterol increased significantly with the supplementation of vitamin. In the vitamin E and vitamin C+E supplementation groups, however, there were no significant differences observed with the supplementation of vitamin. Concentration of plasma LDL, triglyceride, free fatty acid were not significantly affected by the supplementation of vitamin in all groups. In terms of plasma fatty acid composition, the concentrations of saturated fatty acid were not significantly affected by the supplementation of vitamin in all groups. The concentrations of palmitoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, however, significantly increased in the vitamin E supplementation group(p<0.05). The concentration of plasma linoleic acid significantly increased in the vitamin C+ E supplementation group)(p<0.05). The results of this study show that antioxidant vitamin supplementation in smokers has a tendency to decrease coronary heart disease risk in view of the plasma total cholestrol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations of the vitamin C supplementation group and fatty acid concentration of the vitamin E supplementation group.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2005

Hypercholesterolemia has been regarded as a major risk factor of coronary heart disease(CHD). CHD is increasing in recent years among Koreans due to westernization of lifestyle and dietary behaviors. In the United States, implementation of the National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP) had resulted 40% decline in mortality from CHD. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of medical nutrition therapy on serum lipid levels and discuss the effective nutrition education contents. Thirty outpatients(Male 40%, female 60%) with hypercholesterolemia were educated by medical nutrition therapy(MNT) protocol. At first visit and after three months of MNT, we assessed serum lipid profile, body weight and surveyed general characteristics, lifestyle and food habits through questionnaire. After 12 weeks of MNT, there were significant reductions in serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C). Foods habits and lifestyle were changed to the desirable patterns. These results indicate that lipid profile is improved by changes of dietary behaviors and lifestyle. Especially in case of obesity, cholesterol lowering effect of MNT was more powerful. Consequently, MNT is effective on reduction of serum lipids by behavior change in hypercholesterolemic patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.73-79
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• 2004

The large-scale preparation method for black soybean peptide (BSP; about 70% less than 10,000 Da; highly enriched with glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine) was developed, and its effect on weight reduction and lipid profiles in rats was investigated. Sprague-Dawleymale rats were assigned to four dietary groups (high-fat diets containing 0, 2, 6, and 10% BSP) and fed four weeks to examine the effects of BSP. During the experiment, food intake was measured every two days and body weight was monitored two times a week. After the supplementation of BSP, liver and adipose tissues (epididymal, retroperitoneal and perirenal adipose tissue) in the rats were weighted and the lipid profiles in serum, liver, and feces were analyzed. At the results of body weight gain, liver and epididymal adipose tissue weight, BSP groups were more decreased than HF group (0% BSP), with greater decreases at higher BSP levels. The same patterns were shown in lipid profiles of serum, as BSP was increased, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentration decreased. The serum HDL-cholesterol level was increased with increasing at BSP levels. Total cholesterol concentration of liver and feces were decreased and increased, respectively, as BSP increased. The results confirm that BSP is involved in reducing the body weight and the improvement of lipid composition in serum and liver of rats and that BSP can be applied in weight reduction in the food products industry.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 1998

These studies were undertaken to investigate changes of major components occuring during germination of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds, Changes of total lipid and protein contents, and fatty acid composition were determined. Also, the correponding values of various components in cotyledons, hypocotyls and roots were measured according to germination stage. The results were summarized as follows; During germination, total lipid and protein contents decreased. In particular, protein contents rapidly decreased to the 3 days after gemination(DAG), and then total lipid contents rapidly decreased. In changes of total lipid and protein of cotyledons, hypocotyles and roots detected at the 10, 15 and 20 DAG, some variations were determined. The contents of lipid and protein in hypocotyls rapidly decreased, but since than no changes were observed. In contract, in roots similar changes patterns were observed, while since 15 DAG a rapidly increase was wxamined. In fatty acid composition of total lipid ,saturatedmfatty acids such as palmitic acid increased during the germination. On the other hand, unsaturated fatty acid such as olic acid and linoleic acid decreased during the same periods. In changes of fatty acid composition of total lipid of cotyledons, hypocotlys and roots, saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid and stearic acid increased during the germination. However, linoleic acid decreased during the same germination suggesting that this may be due to the rapid degradation. However, linoleic acid decreased during the same periods. According to SDS-PAGE analysis, there was no detectible polypeptide bands on the gel before seed germination suggesting that this may be due to the rapid degradation of the storage peotein in the mature seed by hydrolytic enzymes during the stag. As germination continued polypeptide bands, one with 40KD, two with 32∼34Kd and one with 24KD, were detected on the gel.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 1995

A surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor for the detection of odorants has been constructed by depositing various phospholipids and fatty acids onto the surface of the SAW device. The characteristics of a SAW device operating at 310 MHz deposited with silicon monoxide were analyzed. Menthone, amylacetate, acetoin, and other organic gases show different affinities to the coated lipids. An explanation is given for different odorant affinities based on the monolayer properties of phospholipids. The identification of odorants depending on the tkpe of lipid used for coating is discussed in terms of the similarity of their normalized resonant frequency shift patterns. Using a number of different lipid-coated SAW devices, odorants can be identified by a computerized pattern recognition algorithm.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.691-698
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• 1988

Raw adlay powder(RAP) and processed adlay powder(PAP) were prepared and the changes of lipids in RAP and PAP during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$ for six months were studied. The typical patterns of lipid oxidation were observed during the storage; the values of acid, peroxide and carbonyl in the lipids were increased and the iodine value was decreased. These changes were especially significant(P<0.05) at higher temperature($35^{\circ}C$) and were more notable in the lipids from RAP than those from PAP during storage. The contents of neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid were changed appreciably at $35^{\circ}C$, however, the changes were not significant(P<0.05) at $5^{\circ}C$. Further more, triglyceride in neutral lipid, digalactosyl diglyceride in glycolipid and phosphatidyl choline in phospholipid showed respectively a tendency of decrease during storage as compared with the other contents of lipid class.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.116-121
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• 1991

The effects of water contents and surfactants, sodium stearoyl-lactylate, sucrose ester and distilled monoglyceride(Dimodan) on wheat starch gelatinization and retrogradation were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The endothermic peak patterns of starch varied with water content of starch. When water content was less than 30%, gelatinization did not occur. The onset temperature of gelatinization peak of native starch was $59{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ and that of endothermal peak of retrograded starch was $50{\sim}55^{\circ}C$. The enthalpy value of retrograded starch were greatest in the $40{\sim}50%$ water content. In the presence of surfactants, gelatinization temperatures shifted slightly to higher temperatures. DSC endothermal enthalpies of the amylose-lipid complex increased. The degree of retrogradation in starch was lower with surfactant than without surfactant, but enthalpy of amylose-lipid complex did not change during storage.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.767-774
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• 1999

This study was carrid out to examine a part of the mechanism for the etiology of diabetic complications. Thirty normal and forty streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats were used as the animal models. Animals were sacrificed at the time points of 3 days, 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after STZ-injection and time course in body weight and organ weight, the levels of blood glucose, plasma lipid patterns, and atherogenic index were measured during 6 weeks. The STZ-diabetic animals showed 63% survival rate and fsting blood glucose levels of the diabetic animals measured in the range of 230-410mg/dL during the experimental period. The body weigh of diabetic animals decreased significantly throughout the experimental period and the relative weights of organs to body weight were significantly higher than the normal control ones. The enlargement of the kidney in the diabetic animals was especially remarkable. Plasma triglyceride concentration in diabetic rats substancially increased from the first week of onset of diabetes mellitus and maintained higher levels than the control ones throughout the whole experimental period. The plasma total cholesterol level and atherogenic index in the diabetic rats were significantly higher than the normal ones from the third day after STZ injection and showed a gradual increase with the duration of the disease. Throughout the experiment, the diabetic rats consistently showed a slightly lower HDL-cholesterol level compared to the normal animals. From the results of this study, it appears that the significant changes in blood lipid pattern in STZ-diabetic animals start from the first week after STZ injection.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2002

Objects. There was an increase in obese population due to eating habits resulted in modernization of lifestyle and the change of the tendency to conduct the physical activity, in order words, the reduction in the range of kinetic energy. Obesity is viewed as a major risk factor for serious health problems, including heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, and certain forms of cancer as well as for psychological and social problems owing to our fat-phobic society. In the present study, we investigate the weight loss thanks to giving Handayulso-tang(HD) medication of Taeum-in to induced obesity rats and its effects on lipid metabolism, given that their behavior patterns are changed according to their constitution. Methods: The extracts of Handayulso-tang was orally administered to the rats of HD group 200mg/200g of rats weight every day for 6 weeks, and the control group were fed with equal amount of saline. And measured the body weight and total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid and total lipid contents in serum in obese rats. Results: 1. The body weight in HD group were decreased. 2. The contents of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in HD group were decreased and statistically showed the significant difference compared with the control group. 3. The contents of serum free fatty acid and total lipid in HD group were decreased, but did not statistically show the significant difference compared with the control group. Conclusion: Based on the above results, we know that Handayulso-tang have effects on the decrease of the body weight and the contents of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid and total lipid So it could be concluded that Handayulso-tang can help the treatment of obesity.