• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.223-232
• /
• 1995

This study was an attempt to compare the energy, nutrient intake, blood lipids, and body fat distribution of diabetics with those of normal control subjects. Daily energy and nutrient intake were measured by convenient method. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participants : weight, height, and waist and hip circumference. We matched 31 pairs with diabetics and nondiabetic control subjects by sex, age, body weight and height, and made comparisons between two groups to observe the effect of diabetes in lipid profiles. Aslo the effect of exercise in diabetes was investigated. The results obtained were as follows : 1.The average of daily energy intake of diabetics was 1, 927 kcal and that of nondiabetics was 2, 159 kcal. Percentage of energy in diabetics is that carbohydrate : protein : fat = 69:13:18 2. When diabetics were divided into obese and nonobese group according to RBW, 33% of diabetics were obese and energy intake was not significantly different between the two groups, but VLDL - cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in the obese group. 3. Energy intake, BMI, RBW and total cholesterol level of upper obesity group were significantly higher than those of lower body obesity group in male diabetic subjects. 4. When matching 31 pairs of diabetics and nondiabetics according to sex, age, body weight and height triglyceride concentration and WHR of diabetics were measured to be significantly higher than those of nondiabetics. 5. Although energy intake was not significantly different between exercise and nonexercise groups, triglyceride, blood glucose, RBW, BMI were significantly lower in the exercise and nonexercise groups, triglyceride, blood glucose, RBW, BMI were significantly lower in the exercise group than the nonexercis group in diabetics. 6. BMI and RBW were not correlated with cholesterol or triglyceride, but WHR correlated significantly with both cholesterol and triglyceride. In conclusion, diabetics had higher triglyceride concentration and WHR than nondiabetics. WHR may be better than BMI or RBW for predicting alteration in lipid profile and exercise seems beneficial for controlling blood glucose and lipids in diabetics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제32권11호
• /
• pp.1776-1788
• /
• 2019

Objective: The demands for measures to improve disease resistance and productivity of livestock are increasing, as most countries prohibit the addition of antibiotics to feed. This study therefore aimed to uncover functional feed additives to help enhance livestock immunity and disease resistance, using Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruit extract (ASF). Methods: ASF was extracted with 70% EtOH, and total polyphenolic and catechin contents were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu and vanillin assay, respectively. The 3D4/31 porcine macrophage cells ($M{\Phi}$) were activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and cell survival and growth rate were measured with or without ASF treatment. Flow-cytometric analysis determined the lysosomal activity, reactive oxygen species levels (ROS), and cell cycle distribution. Nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) protein expression levels were quantified by western blotting and densitometry analysis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to measure the lipid metabolism-related genes expression level. Lastly, the antibacterial activity of 3D4/31 $M{\Phi}$ cells was evaluated by the colony forming unit assay. Results: ASF upregulated the cell viability and growth rate of 3D4/31 $M{\Phi}$, with or without PMA activation. Moreover, lysosomal activity and intracellular ROS levels were increased after ASF exposure. In addition, the antioxidant enzyme SOD2 expression levels were proportionately increased with ROS levels. Both ASF and PMA treatment resulted in upregulation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ protein, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF){\alpha}$ mRNA expression levels, lipid synthesis, and fatty acid oxidation metabolism. Interestingly, co-treatment of ASF with PMA resulted in recovery of $NF-{\kappa}B$, $TNF{\alpha}$, and lipid metabolism levels. Finally, ASF pretreatment enhanced the in vitro bactericidal activity of 3D4/31 $M{\Phi}$ against Escherichia coli. Conclusion: This study provides a novel insight into the regulation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity and lipid metabolism in $M{\Phi}$, and we anticipate that ASF has the potential to be effective as a feed additive to enhance livestock immunity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2002

Yukwa is a popular Korean traditional fried rice snack. The high fat content and porous structure of Yukwa cause it to rapidly become rancid, presenting difficult challenges for commercial distribution. In this study, an-tioxidant activities of green tea extracts (GTE) were evaluated in Yukwa fried in soybean oil (SBO), rice bran oil (RBO) and winterized rice bran oil (WRBO) during storage at 4$0^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks. Lipid oxidation of Yukwa was determined by acid value (AV), peroxide value (POV), p-anisidine value(AnV), totox value and sensory evaluation. The addition of GTE to the oils reduced the increases in AV, POV, AnV, and totox. Totox increased most vapidly in Yukwa fried in SBO, fellowed by RBO>WRBO>SBO+200 ppm GTE>RBO+200 ppm GTE > WRBO + 200 ppm GTE (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation revealed that the addition of 200 ppm GTE delays rancidity in Yukwa by 7~8 weeks; providing compelling evidence that GTE is an effective antioxidant for Yukwa.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.385-392
• /
• 1999

The $NAD^+$-specific activity of a dual coenzyme-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH; EC 1.1.1.41) from the primitive fungus Pythium ultimum was investigated to elucidate the regulatory factors that may influence the intracellular distribution of carbon and the availability of intermediates, e.g. citrate, for fatty acid synthesis. Inhibition of $NAD^+$-IDH activity by diphospho- and triphosphonucleotides (ATP, ADP, and GTP) reflected the sensitivity of this enzyme to cellular energy charge even though monophosphonucleotides (AMP and GMP) had little effect on activity. NADPH, but not NADH, substantially inhibited $NAD^+$-IDH activity, showing noncompetitive inhibition with isocitrate. Oxalacetate and ${\alpha}$-ketoglutarate showed competitive inhibition with isocitrate, while citrate and cis-aconitate showed mixed-noncompetitive inhibition with isocitrate. Inhibition by these substances ranged from 29 to 46% at 10 mM. The inhibitory effect of oxalacetate was increased synergistically by glyoxylate, which alone caused 31% uncompetitive inhibition at 10 mM, and a mixture of the two substances at 1 mM each showed 98% inhibition of $NAD^+$-IDH activity. The regulation of $NAD^+$-IDH in Pythium ultimum seems to be a complex process involving mitochondrial metabolites. The addition of glyoxylate (3 mM) and oxalacetate (3 mM) to the culture medium resulted in the production of 49% more lipid by P. ultimum.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제43권8호
• /
• pp.535-540
• /
• 2010

Patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) often exhibit altered serum lipid and lipoprotein profile during the oliguric phase of the disease. Serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles were assessed during the oliguric and recovery phases in six male patients with HFRS. In the oliguric phase of HFRS, the apolipoprotein (apo) C-III content in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) was elevated, whereas the apoA-I content was lowered. The level of expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes were severely reduced during the oliguric phase, while the cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and protein level were unchanged between the phases. In the oliguric phase, electromobility of $HDL_2$ and $HDL_3$ was faster than in the recovery phase. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size was smaller and the distribution was less homogeneous. Patients with HFRS in the oliguric phase had severely modified lipoproteins in composition and metabolism.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.583-590
• /
• 2000

Objective : The major risk factors of stroke are hyperlipemia, ateriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetis mellitus, smoking, drinking, age, personal history, family history etc. Hypertension, smoking and hyperlipemia are very important factor to promote stroke. We intended to observe the serum lipid density of 51 patients come to Joongpoong & Chronic Disease Center of Conmaul Oriental hospital, comparing with already reported study. Methods : We studied 51 stroke-patients( 38 cerebral infarction, 13 intracerebral hemorrhage) of Conmaul Oriental hospital, Department of oriental internal medicine, Joongpoong & Chronic Disease Center from January 1. 1999 to August 31. 2000, which examined by neurologic test, brain-CT, brain-MRI. . We used DOSHISA TBA-30FR(Japan) as instrument for measuring total cholesterol and triglyceride of serum. Results and conclusions : The results are as follows 1. The rate of hyperlipemia and presumed-hyperlipemia is higher in female patient-group than male patient-group. 2. The rate of hyperlipemia and presumed-hyperlipemia is higher in drinking group than non-drinking group. 3. The rate of hyperlipemia and presumed-hyperlipemia is higher in hypertension group than normotention group.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 1975

Three varieties of soybean, Chungtaik, Hillkong, and Endaedu which have been recommended to cultivate widely in Cheju Island, were chosen to study their amino acid metabolism in order to determine their nutritional values. 1) The total nitrogen contents of these soybeans were decreased in the order of Chungtaik, Hillkong, and Endaedu, indicating that the last variety is undesirable for a recommened formae even under a favorable condition of cultivation. The Hillkong variety may well be recommended for cultivation for a source of lipid rather than protein. 2) From analysis fo free amino acids, it was found that Hillkong contained normal amounto f vaious amino acids but Endae여 contained them in very abnormal fashion suggesting that an improved scheme of fertilization is necessary. Data from Chungtaik indicated it was excessively supplied with N fertilizer. 3) The amino acid contents of proteins extracted from these soybeans showed that Chungtaik contained less number of amino acids in its protein than the other two. The distribution of these amino acids appeared normal in Hillkong but quite irregular in Endaedu. In conclusion, both Chungtaik and Hillkong could be recommended for cultivation, the former as a protein source, the latter a lipid source of foods. Endaedu, however, may be liable to further research before it will be recommend for cultivation.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.291-297
• /
• 1996

Liposomes of $pSV-{\beta}-Galactosidase$ vector plasmid DNA with various lipid composition were prepared by the thin-film method. Size distribution, shape and the efficiency of plasmid DNA encapsulation were investigated. Effect of sonication time on the plasmid DNA entrapment in liposomes and stability at $4^{\circ}C$ were also examined. Sizes of neutral liposomes were about 100-200 nm and above $1\;{mu}m$, and those of cationic liposomes were about 400-600 nm and above $1\;{mu}m$. Shapes of liposomes entrapped plasmid DNA were spherical. Proper sonication time for better entrapment was below 15 minutes and stability at $4^{\circ}C$ was decreased rapidly after 1 day. Plasmid DNA entrapments of complex liposomes of various lipids were higher than those of liposomes made from one sort of lipid. Plasmid DNA entrapments of cationic liposomes were higher than those of neutral liposomes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제33권8호
• /
• pp.824-832
• /
• 2000

In Sasang constitutional medicine, a part of oriental medicine, there are beneficial foods of harmful foods according to the each constitutions. Until now, most of the studies have investigated the classification of foods according to the each constitutions, The clinical usage of the constitutional diets in now in the beginning. The purpose of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of the constitutional diets in comparison with general therapeutic diets in the patients with hyperlipidemia. From January to August, 1999, the 65 hyperlipidemic patients admitted to Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Center were studied. Therapeutic diet for hyperlipidemic patients or each constitutional diets were given to the subjects 3 meals a day for 6 weeks. The Sasang constitutional classification, food habits were assessed. The anthropometric assessment and blood analysis were carried out before and after taking each experimental diets. The results are as folow ; 1) The mean age of the objects was 62.4${\pm}$6.5 years, the distribution of their constitution were Tae-eumin :63.0%, So-yangin :26.2% So-eumin: 10.8%. 2) The mean body weight and BMI of Tae-eum were significantly higher than those of So-eum and So-yang. 3) Food habits of each constitutional groups were very similar to those described by sasang medicine. 4) The therapeutic and constitutional diets lowered the serum levels of total lipid(from 756.4mg/dl to 692.3mg/dl) triglyceride(from 244.4mg/dl to 212.mg/dl) and VLDL-cholesterol(from 48.9mg/dl to 42.5mg/dl). The therapeutic diet decreased the HDL-cholesterol level(from 49.0mg/dl to 41.7mg/dl) but the constitutional diet did not. 5) The effects of the therapeutic and constitutional diets were the highest in Tae-eum group. In the So-yang group, the constitutional diet lowered the levels of total lipid and LDL-cholesterol but the therapeutic diet did not. But the therapeutic and constitutional diets did not change the blood lipid levels significantly in the So-eum group.(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 824-832, 2000)

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.356-364
• /
• 2005

Intramolecular excimer formation of 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl) propane(Py-3-Py) and fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) were used to evaluate the effect of ethanol on the rate and range of lateral and rotational mobilities of bulk bilayer structures of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMVs) from the bovine cerebral cortex. Ethanol increased the excimer to monomer fluorescence intensity ratio (I'/I) of Py-3-Py in the SPMVs. Selective quenching of both DPH and Py-3-Py by trinitrophenyl groups was used to examine the range of transbilayer asymmetric rotational mobility and the rate and range of transbilayer asymmetric lateral mobility of SPMVs. Ethanol increased the rotational and lateral mobility of the outer monolayer more than of the inner one. Thus ethanol has a selective fluidizing effect within the transbilayer domains of the SPMVs. Radiationless energy transfer from the tryptophans of membrane proteins to Py-3-Py was used to examine both the effect of ethanol on annular lipid fluidity and protein distribution in the SPMVs. Ethanol increased annular lipid fluidity and also caused membrane proteins to cluster. These effects on neuronal membranes may be responsible for some, though not all, of the general anesthetic actions of ethanol.