• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1985

This study was designed to elucidate the lipid and its fatty acid composition in various tissues of cat fish, Parasilurus asotus. The free lipid contents in meat, skin and viscera were 5.62%, 26.34% and 19.27%, whereas the bound lipid contents in those tissues were 2.34%, 2.30% and 19.27%, respectively. The neutral lipid contents in free lipid were 5 times higher than those in bound lipid, while the phospholipid contents in bound lipid were 4 times higher than those in free lipid. The neutral lipid was mainly composed of triglyceride (79.84%-99.86%) in free lipid, and esterified sterol & hydrocarbon (55.12-64.33%) in bound lipid. The phospholipid was mainly composed of phosphatidyl choline (52.38-69.98%) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (24.09-40.48%) in free lipid, and phosphatidyl choline (53.03-58.54%) and phosphatidyl ethamolamine (13.80-19.23%) in bound lipid. The major fatty acids of polar lipid in free and bound lipids were C16:0 (28.37%, 21.99%), C18:1 (12.01%, 11.52%), C18:2 (17.93%, 14.12%) and C22:6 (17.22%, 20.63%), and those of nonpolar lipid in free and bound lipids were C16:0 (14.81%, 18.94%), C18: 1 (25.93%, 10.89%) and C22:6 (9.95%,23.44%), respectively. The total essential fatty acid (TEFA) content in skin was slightly higher than that in meat. In both polar and nonpolar lipids in meat ${\omega}3-HUFA$ contents of polar lipid were 1.5-2.0 times higher than nonpolar lipid and also ${\omega}3-HUFA$ content of bound lipid was slightly higher than that of free lipid. There were significant differences in the lipid classification and its fatty acid composition between free and bound lipids and/or in various tissues.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.439-446
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• 1985

This study was designed to compare the lipid components among wild and cultured eel, Anguilla japonica, and conger eel, Astroconger myriaster. The lipid components of cultured eel were analyzed and compared with those of wild and conger eel. In the content of total lipid, the lipid content in cultured eel was slightly higher than that in wild one, but 2 times higher than that in conger eel. The lipid contents in edible portion of wild and cultured eel were 5 times higher than those in viscera, but the lipid content in edible portion of conger eel showed a similar trend to that in viscera. In the fatty acid composition of neutral lipid in edible portion, percentages of $C_{14:0},\;C_{16:0}\;and\;C_{18:1}$ in cultured eel were higher than those in wild one, while percentages of $C_{16:1},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:3},\;C_{20:4},\;C_{20:5},\;C_{22:5}\;and\;C_{22:6}$ lower, and percentages of $C_{18:0},\;C_{20:4}\;and\;C_{22:6}$ in conger eel were noticeably higher than those in wild and cultured eels. In the case of phospholipid in edible portion, percentages of $C_{18:0}\;and\;C_{18:2}$ in cultured eel were higher than those in wild one, while percentages of $C_{16:0},\;C_{16:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:3},\;C_{20:4},\;C_{20:5},\;C_{22:5}\;and\;C_{22:6}$ lower. The unsaturation (TUFA/TSFA) of neutral lipid was no significant difference among wild and cultured eel, and conger eel, but that of phospholipid in wild eel was higher than that in cultured eel and conger eel. The essential fatty acid content(TEFA) of neutral lipid in edible portion of wild eel was 3 times higher than that of cultured one. but the TEFA of phospholipid in edible portion was no significant difference among wild and cultured eels, and conger eel. The w3 highly unsaturated fatty acid content (w3 HUFA) of neutral lipid in edible portion of wild eel was 2.0 to 2.5 times higher than that of cultured eel and conger eel, but the w3 HUFA of phospholipid in edible portion of wild eel was noticeably higher than that of cultured eel and conger eel. In the ratio (A/B) of fatty acid content (A) in cultured eel to that (B) in diet, the A/B ratios of $C_{18:2}\;w6,\;C_{18:3}\;w3,\;C_{20:5}\;w3\;and\;C_{22:6}\;w3$ were 0.23 to 0.48 much lower than the other fatty acid. Consequently, it is considered that the ratios of w3 HUFA is related to the biosynthesis of polyenoic acid and growth rate of cultured eel.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.176-179
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• 2001

The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic activity and lipid metabolism of ethanol (EtOH) extract from the aleurone layer of anthocyanin-pigmented (AP) rice in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 210~240 g were divided into 4 groups, normal, diabetic control, and two experimental groups, and diabetes in rats was induced by injection of STZ (45 mg/kg, body weight) into tail vein. The EtOH extract of the powdered aleurone layer of AP rice was administered orally in diabetic rats for 14 days. In order to find the hypoglycemic effects in the animal model, the body weight, plasma glucose levels, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine amino- transferase activities (ALT) were determined. Oral administration of 1.0 81kg on the EtOH extract for 14 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose, ALT, TG and FFA. However, in the case of 2.0 g/kg, the hypo-glycemic effects were not considerable. This results suggest that the EtOH extract might induce hypoglycemic effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats due to some photochemical components in the aleurone layer of AP rice.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.875-881
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• 2012

This study was performed to observe the effects of the feeding physiological activity substance in Cordyceps militaris hot-water extract intake on the improvement of lipid components and metabolic enzyme activities in the serum of dietary hyperlipidemic rats (SD strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. The concentrations of cholesterol (total cholesterol, ${\beta}$-lipoprotein, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester), atherosclerotic index, triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL) and blood glucose in sera were remarkably lower in the Cordyceps militaris extract intake group than in the hyperlipidemic rats. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration was higher percentage in the Cordyceps militaris extract intake group than in the hyperlipidemic rats. The activities aminotransferase (AST, ALT) in sera were rather lower in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration than in the hyperlipidemic rats. From the above research, Cordyceps militaris extract were effective on the improvement of the lipid compositions in sera of dietary hyperlipidemic rats.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.459-464
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• 2002

Fusogenic liposomes that incorporate Sendai virus envelope proteins, so-called Sendai virosomes, have been developed for in vitro and in vivo genetic modification of animal cells. In this study, several different virosomes of varying lipid compositions were formulated and their in vitro gene-transfer efficiencies compared. The virosomes were prepared by quantitative reconstitution of the Sendai envelope, fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins into liposomal vesicles. Virosomes that contained luciferase reporter genes were tested in 293 transformed human kidney cells. F/HN-virosomes that were prepared with an artificial Sendai viral envelope (ASVE-virosomes) or phosphatidylserine (PS-virosomes) exhibited an 8- or 6-fold higher gene-transfer efficiency than cationic liposomes that were made with 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP). F/HN-virosomes that were prepared with phosphatidic acid (PA-virosomes) instead of PS were less efficient in gene transfer than either ASVE- or PS-virosomes. In addition, the genetransfer capability of ASVE- and PS-virosomes was maximal at a $Ca^{2+}$ concentration of 510 mM. These results suggest that the incorporated lipid components significantly affect the in vitro gene transfer that is mediated by Sendai F/HN-virosomes.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.226-232
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• 1994

An antioxidant activity of Gardenia Fruit (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) which has been used for food coloring was studied. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring lipid peroxide produced when a mouse liver homogenate was exposed to the air at $37^{\circ}C$, using 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA). Both water and methanol extracts of Gardenia Fruit showed the antioxidant activity. On solvent fractionation, the antioxidant activity was removed into the ethyl acetate and butanol soluble fractions. And the final water soluble fraction also showed the antioxidant activity in the low concentration, but it promoted the lipid peroxidation in the high concentration. Two compounds (I and II) having the antioxidant activity were isolated from the butanol fraction, and compound I also occurred in the ethyl acetate fraction. The antioxidant activity of compound II was more potent than that of I. By analyzing data for UV, IR and $^1H-NMR$, compounds I and II were identified as geniposide and crocin, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 1991

Changes in total lipid content. total cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of human milk were investigated longitudinaly from 2-5 days to 12 weeks postpartum Milk samples were collected from 19 Korean lactating women at 2-5 days and at 1. 2. 4. 6. and 12 weeks postpartum. The obtained results were as follows : On average the daily energy intake protein intake and fat intake of Korean lactating women was 1812 kcal 72.5g and 29.8g respectively. The composition ratio of energy consis-ting of protein fat and carbohydrate was 16:15:69 The total lipid content increased from 1.39g/이 at 2-5 days to 2.86g/dl at 12 weeks ; while the total cholesterol concentration (mg/g) decreased significantly with time following postpartum. The total unsaturated fatty acids content was higher in colostrum than in mature milk. and the total saturated fatty acids were higher in mature milk. The average DHA content was 0.55% and the P/S ratio of human milk lipids was 0.37.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2003

The measurement of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of human plasma has been widely applied in nutritional science, for example to evaluate the antioxidant contribution of dietary components and to study, although indirectly, the bioavailability of dietary antioxidants. Several methods have been proposed for the measurement of TAC, most of them based on the ability of plasma to withstand the oxidative damage induced by aqueous radicals. Although plasma contains both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants that interact through extensive cross-talk in most of the methods employed for the TAC measurement, the hydrophilic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, and protein thiols mainly contribute to the total antioxidant plasma capacity (almost 70%) while lipophilic antioxidants embedded in the lipoproteins (carotenoids, a-tocopherol, ubiquino1-10) participate only in a negligible amount (less than 5%). The present paper reviews the analytical methods used to assess the TAC and in particular focuses on new approaches that are capable of distinguishing the antioxidant capacity of both the aqueous and lipid compartments of plasma. The general principle of the method as well as some in vitro and ex vivo applications will be discussed within the text.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 1977

The present study was underve the histochemical nature of various follicles and interstitial tissues in the ovaries of Korean native goats and cattle as well as the histochemical changes of those in the ovaries of Korean native goats treated with dexamethasone. Much more lipid granules appeared in the granulosa and theca cells of atretic follicles compared with normal follicles in these ruminant ovaries. In the ovaries of Korean native goats the interstitial tissue derived from the theca interna of atretic follicles appeared the form of patches of cells and the interstitial tissue derived from stromal cells appeared the form of diffuse, obscure bounds. In the ovaries of Korean native cattle the interstitial tissue derived from theca interna of atretic follicles showed sparsely scattered form of pathes of cells. The histochemical components were described on the basis of lipids in the granulosa and theca cells of normal follicles, atretic follicles and interstitial tissue. In the ovaries of Korean natve goats treated with dexamethasone, the granulosa and theca cells of atretic foillicle contained plenty lipid granules that were increased in size and number, however, lipid granules were markedly decreased in the interstitial tissue.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2003

The ethanol extract of peony root (Paeonia Lactiflora Pall, Paeoniaceae) and its major active components including gallic acid and methyl gallate were evaluated for their protective effects against free radical generation and lipid peroxidation. And protective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA damage in a mammalian cell line were performed. The ethanol extract of peony root (PRE), gallic acid and methyl gallate were shown to possess the significant free radical scavenging effect against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical generation and were revealed the inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation as expressed by malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. They were also found to strongly inhibit hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage from NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, oral administration of 50% PRE (50% ethanol extract), gallic acid and methyl gallate potently inhibited micronucleated reticulocyte (MNRET) formation of mouse peripheral blood induced by KBrO3 treatment in vivo. Therefore, PRE containing gallic acid and methyl gallate may be a useful natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protecting oxidative DNA damage.