• Title/Summary/Keyword: linking

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자연어 알고리즘을 활용한 한국표준건강분류(KCF) 코드 검색 (Korean Standard Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (KCF) Code Linking on Natural Language with Extract Algorithm )

  • 최년식;송주민
    • 대한물리의학회지
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.77-86
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    • 2023
  • PURPOSE: This study developed an experimental algorithm, which is similar or identical to semantic linking for KCF codes, even if it converted existing semantic code linking methods to morphological code extraction methods. The purpose of this study was to verify the applicability of the system. METHODS: An experimental algorithm was developed as a morphological extraction method using code-specific words in the KCF code descriptions. The algorithm was designed in five stages that extracted KCF code using natural language paragraphs. For verification, 80 clinical natural language experimental cases were defined. Data acquisition for the study was conducted with the deliberation and approval of the bioethics committee of the relevant institution. Each case was linked by experts and was extracted through the System. The linking accuracy index model was used to compare the KCF code linking by experts with those extracted from the system. RESULTS: The accuracy was checked using the linking accuracy index model for each case. The analysis was divided into five sections using the accuracy range. The section with less than 25% was compared; the first experimental accuracy was 61.24%. In the second, the accuracy was 42.50%. The accuracy was improved to 30.59% in the section by only a weight adjustment. The accuracy can be improved by adjusting several independent variables applied to the system. CONCLUSION: This paper suggested and verified a way to easily extract and utilize KCF codes even if they are not experts. KCF requires the system for utilization, and additional study will be needed.

새로운 객체 외곽선 연결 방법을 사용한 비디오 객체 분할 (Video object segmentation using a novel object boundary linking)

  • 이호석
    • 정보처리학회논문지B
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    • 제13B권3호
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    • pp.255-274
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    • 2006
  • 비디오에서 움직이는 객체의 외곽선은 객체를 정확하게 분할하기 위하여 매우 중요하다. 그러나 움직이는 객체의 외곽선에는 단락된 외곽선들이 존재하게 된다. 우리는 단락된 외곽선을 연결할 수 있는 새로운 외곽선 연결 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 외곽선 연결 알고리즘은 단락된 외곽선의 말단 픽셀에 사분면을 형성하고 동심원을 구성하면서 반지름 내에서 다른 말단 픽셀을 찾는 탐색을 전진하면서 수행한다. 외곽선 연결 알고리즘은 객체의 외곽선에서 가장 짧게 외곽선을 연결한다. 그리고 시스템은 비디오로부터 배경을 구하여 저장한다. 시스템은 외곽선 연결로부터 객체 마스크를 생성하고, 배경된 저장으로부터 또 하나의 객체 마스크를 생성하여 이 두 개의 객체 마스크를 보완적으로 사용하여 움직이는 객체를 분할한다. 논문의 주요 장점은 정확한 객체 분할을 위한 새로운 객체 외곽선 연결 알고리즘의 개발이다. 제안된 알고리즘은 개발된 새로운 객체 외곽선 연결 알고리즘과 배경 저장을 이용하여 정확한 객체 분할, 다중 객체 분할, 내부에 구멍이 존재하는 객체의 분할, 가느다란 객체의 분할, 그리고 복잡한 배경을 가진 객체를 자동으로 분할하여 보여주었다. 우리는 알고리즘들을 표준 MPEG-4 실험 영상과 카메라로 입력된 실제 영상을 가지고 실험하였다. 제안된 알고리즘들은 매우 효율이 좋으며 펜티엄-IV 3.4GHz CPU에서 평균적으로 QCIF 영상을 1초당 70.20 프레임 그리고 CIF 영상을 1초당 19.7 프레임을 실시간 객체 응용을 위하여 처리할 수 있다.

국내 학술지 논문의 DOI 기반 연계시스템 구축에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Development of Reference Linking System Based on Digital Object Identifier for Korean Journal Articles)

  • 한혜영;정동열
    • 정보관리학회지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.207-227
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    • 2000
  • 최근 해외 주요 학술지 출판사들은 특정 정보제공기관의 한정된 자원의 효율을 극대화시킬 수 있는 한 방법으로써 여러 출판사간, 동종 혹은 이종의 학술지에 대한 각종 인용문헌으로의 연계를 지칭하는 참조연계(reference linking)를 시도하고 있다. 본 연구는 국내 분산된 학술지 논문의 통합 검색, 원문의 식별 그리고 원문간 참조연계 서비스를 제공하기 위한 중양집중식 모델인 '학술지 논문 연계시스템' (Electronic Research Resources Reference Linking System:E3R/LS)을 설계$.$구현하고 추후 실제 시스템에 적용할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 국내 학술지 논문 연계서비스의 시스템 구축을 위한 중요한 구성요소로서, 첫째, 인터넷 자원에 대한 연계 기능과 인터넷상에 존재하는 자원의 식별자로서는 IETF URN의 한 종류인 DOI(Digital Object Identifier)를 이용하였고, 기존 연속 간행물 식별자인 SICI(Serial Item Contribution Identifier)를 국내 학술지에 적용하기 위한 한글 문자를 허용하는 확장된 개념의 구문법을 새롭게 정의하여 DOI의 접미부로 활용하였다. 둘째 구성요소로서는 Dublin Core(DC)를 사용하여 통합 데이터베이스 검색에 필요한 메타데이터를 기술하였다. 마지막 구성요소로서 하나의 DOI를 원문의 위치정보인 URL로 변환하는 작업을 가능하게 하는 CNRI 변환기를 활용하였다.

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TNF$\beta$ Induces Cytotoxicity of Antibody-Activated CD$4^+$T-lymphocytes Against Herpes Virus-Infected Target Cells

  • Choi, Sang Hoon
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.125-133
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    • 2004
  • We have extended our previous work that cross-linking CD4 molecules using specific MAb induced antigen nonspecific, MHC unrestricted killing of virally infected target cells by CD$4^+$We have extended our previous work that cross-linking CD$4^+$ molecules using specific MAb induced antigen nonspecific, MHC unrestricted killing of virally infected target cells by CD$4^+$ T cells. The killing activity of antibody activated CD$4^+$T cells was completely blocked by herbimycin A, a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, but not by bisindolylamaleimide, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Herbimycin A treated human or bovine peripheral blood CD$4^+$T cells lacked PTK activity and failed to kill virally infected target cells even after cross-linking of CD4 molecules. The CD$4^+$cross-linking failed to induce effector cell proliferation or the transcription of TNF${\beta}$ Upregulation of TNF${\beta}$ was induced by incubating the antibody activated effector cells with BHV-1 infected D17 target cells for 10 h. Anti-TNF${\beta}$ antibody partially abolished (13-44%) the direct effector cell-mediated antiviral cytotoxicity. However, this antibody neutralized 70 to 100% of antiviral activity of effector and target cell culture supernatants against BHV-1 infected D17 cells. The inhibition level of the antiviral activity by the antibody was dependent on the effector and target cell ratio. These results support the hypothesis that increased p$56^ICK enzyme activity in effector cells transduces a signal critical for effector cell recognition of viral glycoproteins expressed on the target cells. Following target cell recognition, lytic cytokines known to participate in target cell killing were produced. A better understanding of the killing activity displayed by CD$4^+$T lymphocytes following surface receptor cross-linking will provide insight into the mechanisms of cytotoxic activity directed toward virally-infected cells.T cells. The killing activity of antibody activated CD$4^+$T cells was completely blocked by herbimycin A, a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, but not by bisindolylamaleimide, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Herbimycin A treated human or bovine peripheral blood CD4T cells lacked PTK activity and failed to kill virally infected target cells even after cross-linking of CD4molecules. The CD4 cross-linking failed to induce effector cell proliferation or the transcription of TNF$\beta$. Upregulation of TNF$\beta$ was induced by incubating the antibody activated effector cells with BHV-1 infected D17 target cells for 10 h. Anti-TNF$\beta$ antibody partially abolished (13-44%) the direct effector cell-mediated antiviral cytotoxicity. However, this antibody neutralized 70 to 100% of antiviral activity of effector and target cell culture supernatants against BHV-1 infected D17 cells. The inhibition level of the antiviral activity by the antibody was dependent on the effector and target cell ratio. These results support the hypothesis that increased $56^ICK enzyme activity in effector cells transduces a signal critical for effector cell recognition of viral glycoproteins expressed on the target cells. Following target cell recognition, lytic cytokines known to participate in target cell killing were produced. A better understanding of the killing activity displayed by CD$4^+$T lymphocytes following surface receptor cross-linking will provide insight into the mechanisms of cytotoxic activity directed toward virally-infected cells.

Electrochromic Pattern Formation by Photo Cross-linking Reaction of PEDOT Side Chains

  • Kim, Jeong-Hun;Kim, Yu-Na;Kim, Eun-Kyoung
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • 제17권10호
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    • pp.791-796
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    • 2009
  • An electrochemically and photochemically polymerizable monomer, 2-((2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b] [1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methoxy)ethyl methacrylate (EDOT-EMA), was explored for patterning of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) via side chain cross-linking. The polymer from EDOT-EMA was deposited electrochemically to produce polymeric EDOT (PEDOT-EMA), which was directly photo-patterned by UV light as the side EMA groups of PEDOT-EMA were polymerized to give cross-linked EMA (PEDOT-PEMA). Absorption and FTIR studies of the UV-exposed film (PEDOT-PEMA) indicated that the photo-patterning mainly originated from the photo cross-linking of the methacrylates in the side-chain. After irradiation of the film, the conductivity of the irradiated area decreased from $5.6{\times}10^{-3}$ S/cm to $7.2{\times}10^{-4}$ S/cm, possibly due to bending of the conductive PEDOT channel as a result of the side chain cross-linking. The patterned film was applied to a solid state electrochromic (EC) cell to obtain micro-patterned EC cells with lines up to 5 ${\mu}m$ wide.

An Expanded Patching Technique using Four Types of Streams for True VoD Services

  • Ha, Sook-Jeong;Bae, Ihn-Han;Kim, Jin-Gyu;Park, Young-Ho;Oh, Sun-Jin
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제3권5호
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    • pp.444-460
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    • 2009
  • In this paper, we propose an expanded patching technique in order to reduce the server network bandwidth requirements to support true VoD services in VoD Systems. Double Patching, which is a typical multicast technique, ensures that a long patching stream delivers not only essential video data for the current client but also extra video data for future clients. Since the extra data may include useless data, it results in server network bandwidth wastage. In order to prevent a server from transmitting useless data, the proposed patching technique uses a new kind of stream called a linking stream. A linking stream is transmitted to clients that have received short patching streams, and it plays a linking role between a patching stream and a regular stream. The linking stream enables a server to avoid transmitting unnecessary data delivered by a long patching stream in Double Patching, so the server never wastes its network bandwidth. Mathematical analysis shows that the proposed technique requires less server network bandwidth to support true VoD services than Double Patching. Moreover, simulation results show that it has better average service latency and client defection rate compared with Double Patching.

국가 R&D정보 참조연계서비스 시스템 구축에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Establishment of Reference Linking System for National R&D Information)

  • 권이남;김재수
    • 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국콘텐츠학회 2007년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.172-177
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    • 2007
  • 식별체계를 활용한 참조연계 서비스가 해외는 물론 국내에서도 각 분야에서 본격적으로 활성화되고 있다. 국가 R&D정보는 국가 R&D사업의 과제, 참여인력, 연구개발결과로 산출되는 성과, 연구 장비 등에 관한 정보이다. 전 부처의 모든 국가 R&D정보에 식별체계를 부여하고 과제와 관련된 성과, 과제의 참여연구원 정보, 과제와 관련된 장비, 성과와 관련된 인력정보 등 정보간 관련 연계정보를 검색없이 바로 링크해서 볼 수 있도록 하는 참조 연계서비스는 연구자들에게 매우 유용하다. 본 논문에서 개발한 식별체계 기반의 국가 R&D정보 참조연계서비스 시스템을 통해 국가 R&D정보의 동종 및 이종 정보간 정보연계를 더욱 활성화하는 계기가 될 것이다.

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하이드록시프로필화 및 가교화 시킨 옥수수 전분의 호화 및 겔 특성 (Gelatinization Behaviours and Gel Properties of Hydroxypropylated and Cross-linked Corn Starches)

  • 육철;백운화;박관화
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.70-73
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    • 1992
  • 옥수수 전분을 하이드록시프로필화 및 가교화시켜 변성 전분을 제조한 후 DSC, Amylograph 등을 이용하여 호화특성을 연구하고 호화액의 gel 특성을 조사하였다. 하이드록시프로필화에 의하여 옥수수 전분의 호화온도는 크게 떨어졌으며 가교화만을 시킨 전분은 호화온도가 약간 상승하였으며 호화엔탈피는 약간 감소하였다. 하이드록시프로필화와 가교화를 동시에 시켰을 때는 호화온도가 크게 떨어져 하이드록시프로필화만 시킨 것보다는 약간 높았으나 팽윤이 억제되었고 gel 조직강도는 증가하였다.

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Recombinant Interferon-${\alpha}$ Cross-linked with Thymosin ${\alpha}$1 is Biologically Active

  • Jeong, Jee-Yeong;Chung, Hye-Shin
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.365-371
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    • 1996
  • Partially reduced interferon-a ($IFN-{\alpha}$) was cross-linked with thymosin ${\alpha}1$ ($T{\alpha}1$) using sulfo-succinimidyl (4-iodoacetyl) amino benzoate (SIAB), a bifunctional cross-linking reagent. The partially reduced $IFN-{\alpha}$ optimal for the cross-linking reaction was obtained by incubating native $IFN-{\alpha}$ with 0.5 mM DTT at $30^{\circ}C$ for 60~100 min. $T{\alpha}1$ was activated by incubating with sulfo-SIAB at $37^{\circ}C$ for 30 min to produce $T{\alpha}1-IAB$. The $T{\alpha}1-IFN-{\alpha}$ cross-linking was achieved by the reaction of the partially reduced $IFN-{\alpha}$ with $T{\alpha}1-IAB$. This cross-linking was between the sulfhydryl group of Cys1 in $IFN-{\alpha}$ and the N-terminal amino group of $T{\alpha}1$ through acetyl amino benzoate as a spacer. The immunological activity of the cross-linked molecule showed the same extent as that of $T{\alpha}1$, and most of the antiviral activity was retained compared to that of the partially reduced $IFN-{\alpha}$.

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연쇄가중법 도입에 따른 계절변동조정 (Seasonal Adjustment on Chain-Linking)

  • 전경배
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.41-50
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    • 2009
  • 1990년대 들어 정보통신산업을 중심으로 기술혁신이 급속히 진행되면서 고정가중법에 의한 실질 GDP 통계의 현실반영도가 저하됨에 따라 연쇄가중법의 도입 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 연쇄가중법의 도입은 전기비 성장률의 작성 기준이 되는 계절조정계열산출에도 영향을 미치게 되며 특히 연간법, 특정분기법, 전년 동분기법 등 분기 연환지수의 연결방식에 따라 시계열의 계절패턴이 달라질 수 있어 이를 적절히 반영할 수 있는 계절조정방법을 필요로 한다. 또한 연쇄계절조정계열은 연쇄가중법 적용 후 사후적으로 계절조정을 실시하는지 아니면 계절조정계열을 대상으로 연쇄가중법을 적용하는지 등 적용순서에 따라 산출 결과에 차이가 발생할 수 있다. 국민소득통계를 이용한 시산결과 우리나라에서는 연간법에 의해 분기 연쇄지수를 산출하고 사후적으로 계절조정을 실시하는 것이 가장 바람직한 것으로 평가되었다.