• 터널과지하공간
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 1994

Although a dry-system tunnel is not good for reasons fo economy and construction, it has been applied to some tunnels under construction owing to the advantages of good long-term maintenance of tunnel, prevention of consolidation settlement due to the drawdown of groundwater, preservation of the ecosystem, cutailment of operation cost, and so on. The stability of groundwater and the change of the applied water pressure after water proofing were analysed by the finite element method. Using this result, an example of designing the secondary lining for the dry-system tunnel which is to be constructed in low-permeability hard rock was presented.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-30
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• 2003

The basic principles of tribo-systems and study method based on tribe-systems are introduced in the paper, Based on the viewpoint of tribe-systems, the experiment on tribology characteristics of friction lining material in multi-rope friction hoist is carried out. The research result shows: tribology characteristics of friction material are not its inherent characteristic but system characteristics of the tribo-systems, the“sliding-rope”of multi-rope friction hoist can be divided into“safety sliding-rope”and“fault sliding-rope”, study on friction material only based on characteristic of system where friction material exists possesses practical significance.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.700-709
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• 2009

FBG sensor system is applied to the concrete lining structure in Taegu subway. Near the structure, the power cable tunnel construction started. We wanted to measure the deformation of the structure due to the construction by the FBG sensor. The applied sensor has the gauge length of 1 meter to overcome the inhomogeneity of the concrete material with enough length. In order to fix tightly to the structure, the partially stripped parts of the sensor glued to the package and slip phenomenon between fiber and acrylate jacket was prevented. Prestrain of the sensor was imposed by controlling the two fixed points with bolts and nuts in order to measure compressive strain as well as tensile strain. The behavior of subway lining structure could be monitored very well.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.195.1-195.1
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• 2011

This paper presents an experimental study on a new potential geothermal energy source obtained from tunnel structures. An "energy textile", which is a textile-type ground heat exchanger, was fabricated between a shotcrete layer and a guided drainage geotextile in the tunnel lining system. To examine the long-term thermal behavior of the energy textile, the difference in temperatures of the inlet and outlet fluid circulating through the heat exchange pipe within the energy textile was monitored using a constant-temperature water bath. Daily heat exchange rate of the energy textile during cooling operation was estimated from the measured temperatures of the inlet and outlet fluid through the energy textile. The air and ground temperature was also continuously monitored. The operation of the energy textile as a ground heat exchanger was simulated using a 3D numerical CFD model (Fluent). The thermal conductivity of shotcrete and concrete lining components and temperature variation of air in the tunnel were incorporated in the model. The numerical analysis shows a good agreement with the long-term monitoring result.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.666-674
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• 2007

It is very important to estimate static squeezing pressure distributions for lining material of sterntube after bearing at dry dock stage since the maximum squeezing pressure value can be one of the significant characteristics representing coming navigation performances of the propulsion system. Moderate oil film pressure between lining material and propulsion shaft is also essential for safe ship service. In this paper, Hertz contact theory is explained to derive static squeezing pressure. Reynolds equation simplified from Navier-Stokes equation is centrally differentiated to numerically obtain dynamic oil film pressures. New shaft alignment technology of nonlinear elastic multi-support bearing elements is also used in order to obtain external forces acting on lining material of bearing. For 300K DWT class VLCC with synthetic bush of sterntube after bearing, static squeezing pressures are calculated using derived external forces and Hertz contact theory. Optimum partial slope of the after bush is presented by parametric shaft alignment analyses. Dynamic oil film pressures are comparatively evaluated for partially bored and unbored after bush. Finally it is proved that the partial slope can drastically reduce oil film pressure during engine running.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.243-254
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• 2009

지하수 작용과 관련하여 현장에서 발생하는 문제는 1차 라이닝의 투수계수의 저하에 따른 영향뿐만 아니라 배수재의 투수성능에 따른 복합적인 요인의 상호 작용의 결과로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이중구조라이닝 연계 FEM 해석을 통해 지반-라이닝-배수재의 투수영향에 중점을 두고 배수시스템의 성능저하에 따른 터널구조물에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 해석 결과 배수장애가 발생할 경우의 수압증가는 2차라이닝에 심각한 구조적 부담을 줄 수 일음이 확인되었다. 배수공이 모두 폐색되는 경우 비배수 터널이 되어 수직으로 뜨는 형태의 거동을 보였다. 그리고 배수공의 폐색이 비대칭적으로 발생하는 경우 터널 축방향 비틂 거동을 야기하여 2차라이닝 구조에 심각한 영향을 미칠 수 있음이 확인되었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.101-113
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• 2012

터널 노후화로 인한 배수능력 저하는 터널 주변 간극수압의 상승을 유발하고 이로 인해 터널 배면 라이닝 응력이 증가하여 터널 안정성에 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 시공된 지 30여년이 지난 재래식 터널인 남산 3호 터널을 대상으로 수발공 폐색에 따른 배수조건 변화와 그에 따른 터널 주변 간극수압 및 라이닝 안정성의 관계를 수치해석을 통하여 분석하였다. 해석방법은 남산 지역에 대하여 지하수 유동 모델링을 수행하고 이로부터 설정된 수리경계조건을 적용하여 터널 침투류와 응력-간극수압 연계 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하는 것으로 하였다. 이를 통하여 운영 중인 터널 현장에서 비교적 간단히 측정가능한 수발공 유출량 데이터를 이용하여 터널 주변 간극수압과 라이닝 응력을 산정할 수 있었으며, 본 연구에서 적용한 해석방법은 기존 자료가 부족하고 현장 조사에 제약이 많은 운영 중인 노후터널에 대하여 현재 터널의 배수상태를 고려하여 터널 안정성을 평가하는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.231-242
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• 2018

Subway tunnel structure has been rapidly developed in many cities for its strong transport capacity. The model-based damage detection of subway tunnel structure is usually difficult due to the complex modeling of soil-structure interaction, the indetermination of boundary and so on. This paper proposes a new data-based method for the damage detection of subway tunnel structure. The root mean square acceleration and cross correlation function are used to derive a statistical pattern recognition algorithm for damage detection. A damage sensitive feature is proposed based on the root mean square deviations of the cross correlation functions. X-bar control charts are utilized to monitor the variation of the damage sensitive features before and after damage. The proposed algorithm is validated by the experiment of a full-scale two-rings subway tunnel lining, and damages are simulated by loosening the connection bolts of the rings. The results verify that root mean square deviation is sensitive to bolt loosening in the tunnel lining and X-bar control charts are feasible to be used in damage detection. The proposed data-based damage detection method is applicable to the online structural health monitoring system of subway tunnel lining.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 1999

터널에서 콘크리트 라이닝은 미관상의 개선과 지하수 침투방지 목적 이외에 하중지지를 분담하는 보조적 역할을 수행하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 따라서 터널 라이닝에 발생한 균열이나 변형이 단순하게 사용재료나 시공상의 결함에 기인하는 것인지, 혹은 구조적으로 외력 등이 작용하여 생겨난 현상인지 규명하는 작업은 터널 안전성 확보 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 또한 원이 규명결과와 그 외 관찰 가능한 현상을 기초로 하여 터널의 건전도를 평가하고, 최종적으로 보수보강이 요구되는 경우 적절한 대책을 제시할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 필요성에 따라 라이닝과 노반의 주요 변상현상 및 주변환경조건에 근거한 변상원인의 추론, 터널 건전도 평가, 보수보강대책 제시 등의 기능을 갖춘 터널 건전도 평가시스템을 개발하였다. 이 시스템은 라이닝의 변상을 크게 외력에 의한 변상, 재질 열화, 및 누수는 균열의 혀태와 특닝을 이용해 원인을 규명하였다. 그리고 실제 적용되고 있는 기준들을 조사하여 시스템에 반영함으로써 사용자가 입력한 내용과 추론결과에 따라 터널에 대한 건전도를 평가하고 적절한 보수보강대책을 제시하는 과정을 추가하였다. 개발된 시스템에 터널 변상 사례를 입력하여 얻은 결과와 동일 사례에 대한 전문가의 판정을 비교함으로써 외력에 의한 변상의 경우 인공신경망을 이용한 원인추론이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 라이닝 및 노반의 변상현상 뿐만 아니라 터널 시공조건 및 주변환경조건이 함께 주어졌을 때 더욱 정확한 결론을 얻을 수 있었으며, 원인 추론 및 건전도 평가결과를 기초로 구체적이고 효율적인 보수보강 대책을 제시할 수 있었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2000

The safety problem of aged tunnels has been emphasized. For the effective maintenance, site inspection of tunnel structures and surrounding grounds are required periodically. Also, the determination of safety of tunnels is not a simple problem. So the role experienced engineer in the maintenance is very important and development of an expert system that can perform as the engineers, has been needed. In this study, from the results of numerical analysis in several case, new precision inspection rules which can substitute actual numerical analysis are determined by a commercial program FLAC and regression analysis under various parameters such as material property, lining thickness, overburden and laterial coefficients. They are added to the knowledge base to determine safety of tunnel lining. To verify the expert system, the results are compared with an existing tunnel diagnosis report. It can be concluded that the new rule are well represented the actual numerical analysis under various site conditions. Therefore it is expected that the systematic management for effective maintenance of tunnel structure will be possible.