• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.55-66
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• 2014

Baeja(背子), which was excavated from the tomb of Sim, Su-ryun(沈秀崙, 1534-1589), a civil official, has a distinctive pattern. Two rectangles are connected by button knots on both shoulders and below the armpits, and surround the front and back of the upper body. Also, the back is shorter than the front, while the center-front is not opened. It also has a round neckline without a collar. Jeojuji(楮注紙), which is a traditional Korean paper made from mulberry bark, is put between the outer shell and lining of this clothing as an interlining. The purpose of this study is to perform a morphological feature analysis of the Baeja to examine its characteristics and name, and clothes with similar features, attire relic, pictorial and ceramic materials as well as precedent studies were used in the analysis. The Baeja, which was excavated from the tomb of Sim, Su-ryun, has the same pattern as Yangdang(裲檔), which was worn in the ancient northern region and China. Its composition and the way it was worn are very simple. Also, the shorter back length can be used as evidence that it was worn as everyday outer clothing, and not in a ceremony. Jeojuji, used as an interlining, made it easy to sew and maintain attire pattern and played a role of maintaining warmth. Therefore, this Baeja is presumed to be an outer clothing simply worn in the everyday life for convenience and warmth. In regards to its morphological feature, it was most likely a Yangdang in Joseon Dynasty.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.240-248
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• 1999

To investigate the expression pattern of noncollagenous bone matrix proteins such as osteonectin(OSN), osteopontin(OPN) and osteocalcin(OSC) mRNA during bony healing procedure induced by guided bone regeneration method, we made artificial defects on bilateral femur of rats. Then induced bony healing by application of a nonabsorbable PTFE membrane in experimental sites and without its application in control sites for 3 weeks. The mRNA expression pattern at specimens obtained at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after operation was detected by in situ hybridization method using its antisense mRNA probes. The experimental sites revealed more rapid and favorable bony healing than control sites and new bone formation was limited within defected area by inhibitory activity of bone marrow cells. In experimental sites, the OSN and OSC mRNA were expressed strongly on osteoblasts of regenerating cortical bone at 1st week and on osteoblasts lining the trabecular bone in marrow space at 3rd week, whereas, in control sites, their expression were noted on osteoblasts lining the reactively formed sponge bones at 2nd and 3rd week. In addition, the OPN mRNA was expressed on osteoblasts and osteoclasts at sites of remodeling and osteocytes of remained trabecular bone of defected area in experimental sites and on macrophages at 1st week and osteoclasts at sites of remolding at 2nd and 3rd week in control sites. The above findings suggest that the more rapid and favorable bony healing might be induced by blocking of invading fibrous connective tissue into bony defects. And the earlier expression of OSN and OSC mRNA on osteoblasts of experimental sites suggest that the formation and resorption of regenerating bone was more rapidly progressed in confined spaces made by applicate membranes.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-91
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• 1986

Differentiation of the rat testis was studied by light and electron microscope from the fetal stage up to the newborn or adult stage. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the ultrastructural changes of seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue during the developmental process. The results were as follows: the seminiferous tubule diameter began to increase from birth and was fully developed at 30 to 40 days of age through intratubular cell proliferations. Basement membrane and myoid cells lining the seminiferous tubules were differentiated at 17 days gestation. At the fetal stage, seminiferous tubules were primarily composed of Sertoli cells and the differentiation of Sertoli and germ cells progressed from the newborn stage. Spermatids and immature spermatozoa are appeared at 40 days of age, so from this time, spermatogenesis occurred actively until the adult stage. Sertoli cells aided germ cell differentiation and phagocytosed the parts of the spermatid cytoplasm. Leydig ce]] development follows a biphasic pattern: a fetal phase and then an adult phase from 20 days of age. In conclusion, the rat testis is already developed to some extent by the fetal stage and is functional after 50 days of age. Therefore, these findings indicate that differentiation of Sertoli and Leydig cells precedes the onset of spermatogenesis.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.676-685
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• 2020

This study developed smart vests with heat and massage functions that changed patterns, designs, materials, etc., and evaluated their functions and satisfaction. A knitted fabric with good elasticity and a heating lining were used, and in consideration of this, the final vest pattern fitted to the upper body was completed. A heat pad was attached to the back, and 6 vibration motors were attached to the trapezius muscle. The controller was placed on the left chest for easy operation, and the battery was stored in an inner pocket under the controller. The heating effect of the smart vest, the location of the devices, and the ease of operation were excellent. When the massage function was operated, the thermal comfort was increased compared to when the massage function was not operated, and the high thermal comfort was perceived by the operation of heat and heat+massage function. Due to the battery, the weight, irritating contact of devices and wearing sensation decreased, but there was no reduction in wearing sensation due to heat and vibration devices. The greater the satisfaction with the massage function, thermal comfort, fit, appearance and weight, the greater the product satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.87-96
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• 2009

Dangui is a formal dress of the wives of high officers and royalty in Chosun Dynasty and it was worn as a day dress in palace and a semi-ceremonial dress in upper-class households. Among the remains of Dangui a double-layered Dangui was found in which two sets of Dangui were combined to be worn as a single piece. The double-layered Dangui consists of an Over-Dangui and an Under-Dangui. The results of the examination of the remains for the Over-Dangui are as follows. As lone as the colors of the remains are identifiable, all of the Over-Dangui were green, whereas the Under-Dangui and lining materials were red. The textile was mostly in woven silk with pattern and it was frequently decorated with golden wefts or foils. A breast embroidery with phoenix and a dragon embroidery were also found. Such Dangui was worn mostly by the high members of the king's palace including the queen, crown princess, bastard princess, and monarch. There were two exceptions of wearing Dangui outside the king's palace. A simple Under-Dangui was made to enable a comfort fit of the two sets of Dangui and the suture was partially sewn. With three doth strings and cuffs, two pieces of Dangui were eventually assembled into one piece of clothing. Differences between the remains and the documents were also found in regards to textile and wearers of Dangui.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.1-18
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• 2010

The Aesthetics of Kwanbok and Hyungbae and their Modern Applications Starting from practical purpose, kwanbok worn by government officers were developed in original and unique fashion over long time. In particular, as hyungbae (embroidered patches for kwanbok) that had been used for kwanbok has remained in existence even today, providing inspiration for a variety of design, it is bringing attention to the aesthetic value and importance of kwanbok. Under the circumstances, this study has elicited aesthetics from kwanbok and hyungbae as follows: First, they imply the wish of long life and happiness as a symbol of favorable omen and distinguish one's status according to the shape, color, and pattern. Second, kwanbok and hyungbae reveal our ancestors' naturalistic perspective in art. Third, pleats, slits and shapes in robes reveal practical aesthetics in composition. Fourth, slits in kwanbok create the aesthetics of contrast and harmony of lining and outer cloth. Modern applications of kwanbok is of value as they represent traditions and maintain the original forms, showing the image of Korea in the 21st century. Such efforts mean that they do not only make more beautiful clothes, but also create overall philosophies in life, including personal values.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.681-691
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• 2008

Taking into consideration both the inconveniences reported with current working uniform for the aircraft mechanics and the subjects' requirements mentioned in preceded survey, the researchers designed an ergonomic sample garments with improved motional flexibility and comfort. To improve motional flexibility, extra folds were added to the back of the garments to allow for ease of motion of limbs, so that the material would not be drawn up by the motion of the arms. Darts were added to the elbow, hip, the knee. Furthermore, by increasing the length of the waist centerline, the hip region would not be drawn up. For improved comfort, $CoolMax^{(R)}$ was used as lining material for the armpit and back region to discharge swear promptly. Subjects and panels were asked to evaluate the sample garment that followed an ergonomic design and pattern. According to the results, the sample garment was evaluated more highly than the existing working uniform in appearance and motional flexibility. The field tests by three aircraft mechanics working in the Office of Forestry were also demonstrated that the sample garment was advanced in terms of motional flexibility and comfort.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.891-909
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• 2019

This study uses a documentary survey, field survey and textile's characteristics to understand the history of the Punggi Viscose Rayon. Punggi's textile industry grew as people migrated from Pyeongan Province in the 1900s. Little is known regarding early production conditions, but documents show cottage industries in the 1940s made union cloth using silk and rayon. The Punggi weaving industry peaked after the Korean War and declined in the late 1950s. Punggi rayon at that time was mainly used for lingerie or lining, with miliary or polka dot patterns. The industry regained momentum when the power loom was introduced in the 1960s. Manufacturers also started weaving union cloth with synthetic fibers and rayon. In the 1990s, jacquard looms enabled the weaving of elaborately colored and patterned textiles for outer fabric that made Punggi rayon famous. Most Punggi rayon looms have developed in the order of manual handlooms, semiautomatic looms, Jokdapgi, to power looms. Looms equipped with dobbies or jacquard devices also changed from wooden dobby looms to wooden jacquard looms and then to iron jacquard looms. Punggi Rayon currently has its own trademark and tag, but lacks specific regulations on the blending of fibers.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.97-110
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• 1994

Interaction between an unlined tunnel may cause a serious stability both the tunnel and the overlying and unli Red tunnel interaction meta study on the three dimensional bets a three dimensional elasto plastic the program, a wide range of blur puter analysis such as stress distr menu and tunnel deformation were footing and unlined tunnel. The yes traces the ultimate bearing capacity only on the tunnel size and location revealed is that an unlined tunnel under a square footing is subjected to three dimensional stress pattern along the tunnel axis, and that the magnitudes of stresses in the foundation soil and around tunnel perimeter are considerably smaller when loaded with a square than with a strip footings and the difference varies with the location and the type of stress. It is also revealed that the footing failure mechanism varies with the degree of footing and tunnel interaction.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.471-486
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• 2022

The effect of segmental joints is one of main importance for the segmental lining design when tunnels are excavated by a mechanized process. In this paper, segmental tunnel linings are analyzed by two numerical methods, namely the Beam-Spring Method (BSM) and the Solid-Interface Method (SIM). For this purpose, the Tehran Subway Line 6 Tunnel is considered to be the reference case. Comprehensive 2D numerical simulations are performed considering the soil's calibrated plastic hardening model (PH). Also, an advanced 3D numerical model was used to obtain the stress relaxation value. The SIM numerical model is conducted to calculate the average rotational stiffness of the longitudinal joints considering the joints bending moment distribution and joints openings. Then, based on the BSM, a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the influence of the ground rigidity, depth to diameter ratios, slippage between the segment and ground, segment thickness, number of segments and pattern of joints. The findings indicate that when the longitudinal joints are flexible, the soil-segment interaction effect is significant. The joint rotational stiffness effect becomes remarkable with increasing the segment thickness, segment number, and tunnel depth. The pattern of longitudinal joints, in addition to the joint stiffness ratio and number of segments, also depends on the placement of longitudinal joints of the key segment in the tunnel crown (similar to patterns B and B').