• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.833-841
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• 2009

Monoterpenes, in special limonene and its derivatives, are well studied in the literature due to their several properties. They are well recognized as major components of essential oils; some of them, are important industry residues, and others present some important biological activities. In this review, the biotransformation of the inexpensive limonene into flavor compounds was briefly reviewed and the main pathways for limonene biotransformation are presented. Furthermore, some important biological properties of these compounds were also considered, like bactericidal activity, induction of immune response, and role in disease prevention, with a little emphasis on some possibilities related to the mechanisms of anticancer action.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.775-783
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical properties and volatile ingredients of Jeju Apple mango subjected to different extraction methods and GC/MS. The crude protein, fat, and ash contents were $0.22{\pm}0.01$, $0.09{\pm}0.00$, and $0.27{\pm}0.02%$, respectively, and contents of free sugar increased in the order of sucrose, fructose, and glucose, whereas maltose, lactose, and galactose were not detected. The numbers of volatile flavor compounds obtained by the SE (solvent extraction), SDE (simultaneous steam distillation extraction), and SPME (solid-phase micro-extraction) methods were 51, 59, and 71, respectively. The percentages of extracted volatile flavor compounds in mango were 11.44, 15.68, and 73.54% by the SE, SDE, and SPME methods, respectively. The most abundant compounds found in Jeju Apple mango were terpenes and their derivatives, which accounted for 44.49~94.57% of total volatiles obtained. SPME method was considered to be the most effective extraction method in terms of the numbers of detected compounds and their amounts. ${\delta}$-3-Carene was identified as the dominant compound in mango, whereas ${\alpha}$-phellandrene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, trans-${\beta}$-ocimene, ${\alpha}$-terpinolene, limonene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, and furaneol were the next important compounds.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.113-117
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• 2012

The fruits of Foeniculum vulgare (Foeniculi Fructus) have been widely used in Chinese medicine as an antiemetic, ameliorating stomach ailments and as an analgesic. In order to establish its potential for antiallergic use, inhibitory actions of the fruit on 5-lipoxgenase (5-LOX) and ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release were evaluated. The 70% ethanol extract of this plant material (FR) considerably inhibited 5-LOX-catalyzed leukotriene production from A23187-induced rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-1 cells. The $IC_{50}$ was $3.2{\mu}g/ml$. From this extract, 12 major compounds including sabinene, fenchone, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, limonene, p-anisylacetone, panisylaldehyde, estragole (4-allylanisole), trans-anethole, scopoletin, bergapten and umbelliferone were isolated. And it was found that several terpene derivatives including ${\gamma}$-terpinene and fenchone as well as phenylpropanoid, trans-anethole, showed considerable inhibitory action of 5-LOX. In particular, the $IC_{50}$ of trans-anethole was $51.6{\mu}M$. In contrast, FR and the isolated compounds did not show considerable inhibitory activity on the degranulation reaction of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release from antigen-treated RBL-2H3 cells. Against arachidonic acid-induced ear edema in mice, FR and trans-anethole showed significant inhibition by oral administration at doses of 100-400 mg/kg. In conclusion, FR and several major constituents are 5-LOX inhibitors and they may have potential for treating 5-LOX-related disorders.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.186-189
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• 2011

The transitivity of Chemical constituents by Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in different raw sawdusts, which are Juglans mandchurica, Cudrania tricuspidata and Lindera glauca, was investigated. The HPLC chromatography patterns on the chemical constituents of P. ostreatus showed the similar chromatography patterns in all different raw sawdusts and control sawdust. The unknown chemical constituents of P. ostreatus cultivated in the 10%, 20% mixed medium added 10 %, 20% different raw sawdusts, respectively, were increased. But the significance results in the mixed medium added 50% different raw sawdusts were not showed. The chromatography patterns of mycelia grown in media added the 80% MeOH extracts of three tree species showed the similar patterns in comparison with control mycelia. In the results, the secondary metabolites of functional media were not degrade and changed to other derivatives compounds by P. ostreatus.