• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Eating behaviour disorder during early childhood is a common pediatric problem. Many terminologies have been used interchangeably to describe this condition, hindering implementation of therapy and confusing a common problem. The definition suggests an eating behaviour which has consequences for family harmony and growth. The recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition does not cover the entire spectrum seen by pediatricians. Publications are substantive but level of evidence is most of the time low. This purpose of this review is to clarify terminology of eating behaviour problems during early childhood; including benign picky eating, limited diets, sensory food aversion, selective eating, food avoidance emotional disorder, pervasive refusal syndrome, tactile defensiveness, functional dysphagia, neophobia and toddler anorexia. This tool is proposed only to ease the clinical management for child care providers. Diagnostic criteria are set and management tools are suggested. The role of dietary counselling and, where necessary, behavioural therapy is clarified. It is hoped that the condition will make its way into mainstream pediatrics to allow these children, and their families, to receive the help they deserve.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.427-437
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• 2019

2019년 1월 과학기술정보통신부는 2019년부터 2023년까지의 제3차 전파진흥기본계획을 발표하였고, 그 핵심은 시장기반 전파제도를 도입하고, 수평적 규제체계를 수립하는 것이다. 다소 늦은 감은 있으나 이러한 전파제도의 개혁은 매우 합리적이고 체계적인 것으로 세계적으로 전례가 드문 획기적인 입법적 진보라고 평가할 수 있다. 이러한 시장기반 전파제도와 수평적 규제체계를 완성하기 위해서는 유상의 면허대가와 일정한 이용기간을 전제로 한 단일한 주파수 면허제를 도입하여야 한다. 이를 통해 유한한 전파자원의 효율적 배분을 실현할 수 있게 될 것이다. 또한 주파수 면허의 생애주기적 체계를 전파법에 잘 반영시켜 법률 조문화하는 입법적인 노력이 요구된다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 NFT의 보편화와 대중화를 바탕으로 e-스포츠에서의 NFT 활용 아이디어를 제안하였다. 모든 사용자에게 e-스포츠로의 접근을 쉽게 하고 다양한 연령층에서의 사용자들을 확보하도록 NFT를 활용하는 방안을 고려하였다. 이를 위하여 e-스포츠의 플랫폼에서 다양성을 지닌 NFT의 사례들을 유형별로 분석하고 설문 조사를 통해 e-스포츠에서의 NFT에 대한 활용 정도를 파악하였다. 연구 결과로 e-스포츠 게임 내 NFT 체험이 만족도가 높고, 다시 경험하고 싶은 욕구가 강한 것으로 나타났다. NFT는 소유권과 희소성이 중요한 특징으로 하고 있음으로 e-스포츠에서 독자적인 아이템을 소유하고 싶어하는 요구에 잘 부응할 수 있다. 또한 마케팅에서도 희소성을 가지고 한정판 상품을 홍보함으로, 수익성이 높은 가치 창출을 하는 마케팅 홍보가 가능하다. e-스포츠에서 NFT 활용 시 스포츠의 종류와 관계없이 다양한 NFT 기능이 결합되어 NFT가 경제적 인프라로 자리잡을 수 있다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2001

The Bethesda System (TBS) was first developed in 1988 for the need to enhance the communication of the cytopathologic findings to the referring physician in unambiguous diagnostic terms. The terminology used in this reporting system should reflect current understanding of the pathogenesis of cervical/vaginal disease so the framework of the reporting system should be flexible enough to accommodate advances in medicine including virology, molecular biology, and pathology. Three years after the Introduction of TBS, the second Bethesda workshop was held to set or amend diagnostic criteria for each categories of TBS. TBS 1991 is now widely used. The third Bethesda workshop, The Bethesda System 2001 Workshop, was held in National Cancer institute Bethesda, Maryland from April 30 to May 2, 2001. Again, the goals of this workshop were to promote effective communication and to clarify in reporting cervical cytopathology results to clinicians and to provide with the information to make appropriate decisions about diagnosis and treatment. Nine forum groups were made and there were Web-based bulletin board discussions between October, 2000 and the first week of April, 2001. On the basis of bulletin board comments and discussions, the forum moderators recommended revised terminologies in the Workshop. Hot discussions were followed after the presentation by forum moderators during the workshop. Terminologies confusing clinicians and providing no additional informations regarding patient management were deleted in the workshop to clarify the cervicovaginal cytology results. Any informations related to the patient management were encouraged to add. So 'Satisfactory for evaluation but limited by...' of 'Specimen Adequacy' catergory was deleted. Terminology of 'Unsatisfactory' was further specified as 'Specimen rejected' and 'Specimen processed and examined, but unsatisfactory'. Terminologies of 'Benign Cellular Change' and 'Within Normal Limits' were combined and terminology was changed to 'Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy'. In General categorization, category 'Other' was newly inserted and the presence of 'Endometrial cells' in women over 40 years old can be checked. Although the category 'Benign Cellular Change' was deleted, the organisms or reactive changes of this category can be listed in the descriptive diagnoses. Terminologies of ASCUS and AGUS were changed to atypical squamous cell and atypical glandular cell, respectively. Diagnostic term of 'Adenocarcinoma in situ', which is highly reproducible with reliable diagnostic criteria, was newly Inserted. The category of hormonal evaluation was deleted. Criteria for liquid-based specimen were discussed. Reporting by computer-assisted cytology was discussed and terminology for automated review was newly inserted. This is not the final edition of Bethesda 2001. The final document can be prepared before the ASCCP meeting in which Consensus Guidelines for the Management on Cytology Abnormalities and Cervical Precursors will develop in September 2001.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제11권
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• pp.79-108
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• 2007

"Printing is an Art of reproduction & a Technique of However printing has extended its limitation from a genre of reproduction itself and now it stands on the turning point as an art such as painting or sculpture which expresses artist's originality. Early Printing has had relations in depth with press printing in terms of information recording, preservation, and transmission. It was acknowledged value in a way of information satisfaction different from how it is valued as a pure art today. But, later printing has transferred its function from a mean of reproduction to pure art due to the development of printing skills and photography invention. It can be said that the concept of modern printing is taking over its genealogy as a creative work not as just printing. Also its expression capability is widen to dimensional printing and high-tech multimedia from original tradition techniques. As we discussed above, modern painting is very open to various changes. This modern painting aspect can be seen as an extended interpretation of 'board' concept. This dissertation raises a question why monotype and monoprint couldn't secure its position in printing history in spite of numerous artists' tryouts in its way. Monotype and monoprint fundamentally based on intaglio technique in its history. Yet, its systematic study hasn't been worked out. This is because of the lack of recognition of monotype and monoprint's originality as printing. Especially in monoprint, it has known as an early stage in copperplate printing process which is an attempt to solve the technique limitation or trial work for edition. Likewise the reason why monotype and monoprint remains at the edge of printing border ambiguously is because of conceptual, technical characteristics which are against traditional printing. In traditional printing, the concept of board is important as a method of reproduction. Different from the fact, monotype and monoprint accept the form of medium 'board' conceptually out of limited condition as mentioned. Thus monotype and monoprint hasn't stand out for several reasons until late 20th century when it started come out to public as people starts to have interests that works from famous artists are actually based on monotype and monoprint. This dissertation likes to step into the monotype and monoprint theoretically which is not well known in domestic and try to study the meaning of monotype and monoprint as a printing medium which is also hasn't been considered sincerely. For this study the process follow as below. First, look into how monotype and monoprint has a concept and history. Next, check differences through comparison with traditional printing and how printing can be understood in what aspects at the same time. After, verify how monotype and monoprint have influence on the acceptance of extended concept of 'board'. This study will show the expressional possibility of monotype and monoprint which has already known as 'tableau printing' in today's situation where adventurous experiments of printing medium are going on with the development of technology.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.748-758
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• 1998

The Recommended Dietary Allowances(RDAs, Nutrient standards), dietary guidelines, and food guides, each define aspects for a healthy diet in different ways. The RDA and food guide for Koreans were first established in 1962 by the Food and Nutrition Committee of the Korea FAO Association. The committee released the RDA and suggested ways to intake the recommended nutrients. Every five years, the committee has added more data and released revisions. The latest edition of the RDA is the 6th revision. In the beginning, the concept of basic food groups was emphasized as basic data for planning means based on RDA. In the 5th revision, the basic food groups and dietary guideline for public health from the Ministry of Health and Welfairs(December, 1990) suggests that, 1) Eat a variety of foods with a recommended fat intake equaling or less than 20% of total calories ; 2) Maintain ideal body weight and prevent obesity ; 3) Eat foods low in salt. Salt intake should not exceed 10g ; 4) Do not drink too much ; 5) Eat regularly and enjoy meals. After these guidelines were established, the first nutritonal education efforts guidelines were developed in 1984. Despite broad possibilities for application, they had limited use, mainly as a nutritional assessment and food balance sheet preparation. They were not well utilized in public nutritional education and nutritonal policy through the media because of the weakness of the government's food and nutriton policy. Also a lack of administrative support and dietitians in the health department and administrative organizations was partly to blame. In regard to public health and nutrition status, life expectancy has increased 10 years since the 70's and the elderly population increased threefold in 1995 compared to 1960. The common causes of death in 1996 by 19 Chapters classification, were first disease of the circulatory system ; the second, neoplasms ; the third, external causes fo mortality ; the forth, diseases of the digestive system ; and the fifth, respiratory system diseases, In food intake, grain and complex starch intake has decreased while fruit and animal foods have considerably increased. Therefore, energy from carbohydrates has decreased while energy from protein and fat has increased. Energy intakes from protein, fat and carbohydrates were respectively 12.5, 7.2 and 80.3% in 1969 but 16.1, 19.1 and 64.8% in 1995. 62.9% of the householes had the fat energy less than 20%, while 37.1% had the fat energy above 20%. The only intakes of vitamin A and calcium were below RDA levles. Therefore, nationwide attention should be focused on public nutriton education and public activities with supplementation of the RDAs, according to the food guide and the dietary guideline.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2019

본 연구는 브랜드 가치, Jewelry 디자인, 추천, Jewelry 가격, 인지, 만족이 구매의도에 미치는 영향관계를 파악하고 이를 통해 아동 Jewelry 시장에 대한 활성화 방안을 마련하기 위한 마케팅 전략을 제시하고자 하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 업체에서는 브랜드 가치를 소비자가 인지할 수 있도록 언론홍보 등을 통해서 소비자에게 브랜드 가치에 대한 인식을 심어줘야 할 것이다. 둘째, 업체에서는 한정판 제품 생산 등을 통해 브랜드 가치를 더욱 높이는 마케팅 전략을 세워야 할 것이다. 또한 브랜드 가치를 인정받은 제품과 함께 프로모션을 진행함으로써 제품의 종류를 확장하는 전략을 세워야 할 것이다. 셋째, 업체에서는 디자인 전문가와 일반인, 주부 등을 대상으로 세부적인 디자인 공모전을 통해 제품 디자인의 다변화와 함께 소비자의 디자인 선택의 폭을 넓혀야 할 것이다. 넷째, 제품을 지인에게 추천할 때는 가정의 구성원, 개성, 취향 등을 고려해서 추천을 해야 할 것이다. 다섯째, 업체에서는 제품의 다양화와 함께 가격의 다양화도 함께 추진해야 할 것이다. 마지막으로 업체에서는 상품에 대한 포인트 적립 확대, 프로모션 진행, 친구와 함께 원플러스 원 행사 등 소비자의 니즈에 충족하는 마케팅 전략을 세워야 할 것이다.