• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.110-123
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• 2019

This work was conducted to examine the relationship between lignin content and the durability of larch (LAR) pellets. LAR sawdust was immersed in tap water (TW), sulfuric acid (AC) and sodium hydroxide (AK) solutions, and then the immersed sawdust was used for pellet fabrication. Klason lignin (KL) content of the immersed LAR, contents of soluble lignin (SL) and monomeric sugars liberated from the immersion of LAR, and durability of LAR pellets were measured. KL content decreased as the concentration of AC and AK solutions increased, but glucose content increased with increase in AC and AK concentration. Durability of wood pellets fabricated using non-immersed LAR sawdust was the highest, followed by those made using TW-, AK- and AC-immersed sawdust. LAR pellets became more durable as the concentration of KL and SL increased, but a significant positive correlation was found only between pellet durability and KL content. Through the fluorescent microscopic observation and SEM-EDX analysis, it was verified that lignin content of non-immersed LAR pellets was higher than that of AC- and AK-immersed LAR pellets. These results suggest that lignin might contribute to an increase in inter-particle bonding in wood pellets.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.651-665
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• 2020

Hydrolysis of biomass for the production of fermentable sugar can be improved by the addition of surfactants. In pulp and paper mills, lignin, which is a by-product of the pulping process, can be utilized as a fine chemical. In the hydrolysis process, lignin is one of the major inhibitors of the enzymatic breakdown cellulose into sugar monomer. Therefore, the conversion of lignin into a biosurfactant offers the opportunity to solve the waste problem and improve hydrolysis efficiency. In this study, lignin derivatives, a biosurfactant, was applied to enzymatic hydrolysis of various lignocellulosic biomass. This Biosurfactant can be prepared by reacting lignin with a hydrophilic polymer such as polyethylene glycol diglycidylethers (PEDGE). In this study, the effect of biosurfactants on the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB), oil palm empty fruit bunch, and sugarcane trash with different lignin contents was investigated. The results show that lignin derivatives improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass with low lignin content, however, it has less influence on the enzymatic hydrolysis of other pretreated biomass with lignin content higher than 10% (w/w). The use of biosurfactant on SSB kraft pulp can increase the sugar yield from 45.57% to 81.49%.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1682-1688
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• 2007

케나프의 품종과 재배기간에 따라 섬유의 리그닌 함량과 염색성 변화를 검토하였다. Everglaze 41와 Tainung 2, 두 종류의 케나프 품종을 각각 60일과 120일간 재배한 4종류의 시료를 준비하였다. 4종류의 시료의 리그닌 함량은 $11.29{\sim}12.78%$였으며, 품종에 따라서는 차이가 나타나지 않았고 재배기간에 따라서는 60일 재배한 케나프보다 120일간 재배한 섬유의 리그닌 함량이 1% 정도 더 많았다. 케나프 섬유의 염색성은 분자량이 다른 C.I. Direct Red 81과 C.I. Direct Green 26, 두 종류의 염료로 4종의 케나프를 $1{\sim}180$분 동안 염색하였다. 소정의 시간 동안 염색한 후 여액의 흡광도를 측정하여 염착속도를 고찰하였으며 염색된 섬유의 표면색을 측정하였다. 본 연구의 실험결과, Red 81로 염색한 경우, 염착속도가 매우 빨라서 품종에 관계없이 12분 정도에 평형에 도달하였으며 Green 26으로 염색한 경우 염색시간 48분 이상에서 평형에 도달했다. 한편, 염료소모율은 각각 30%와 88%로 Green 26에 대한 소모율이 높았다. 품종에 따라서는 차이가 없었으나 재배기간에 따라서는 약간의 염색성 차이를 보였다. 즉, Red 81로 염색한 경우는 60일과 120일 재배한 케나프의 염색성이 비슷했으나 Green 26으로 염색했을 경우에는 60일 재배한 섬유가 120일 재배한 섬유에 비해 염착속도도 빠르고 표면색도 더 진하게 염색되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.366-370
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• 1999

Samples of whole plant, leaf and stem of Akbar, Neelum, UM-81 and lZ-31 cultivars of maize fodder harvested up to 14 weeks at different growth stages were drawn and analysed for dry matter contents and various cell wall constituents such as NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, cutin and silica. The dry matter contents of whole maize plant, leaf and stem increased significantly (p<0.01) with advancing plant age. Maximum dry matter was found in the leaf fraction of the plant. The cell wall components continued to increase significantly (p<0.001) in whole maize plant and its morphological fractions as the age advanced. Maximum values for NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin were observed in stem followed by whole plant and leaf, whereas hemicellulose, cutin and silica contents were higher in leaf fraction of the plant. The cultivars were observed to have some effects on chemical composition of all plant fraction. The results indicated that maturity had a much greater effect on the concentration of all the structural components than did the cultivars. It was concluded that maize fodder should be cut preferably between 8th to 9th week of age (flowering stage) to obtain more nutritious and digestible feed for livestock. Among the maize cultivars, Neelum proved to be the best, due to its higher dry matter contents and lower lignin concentration.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1142-1149
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• 1996

This study was conducted to determine changes in th contents and composition of dietary fiber during the growth of soybean sprout. Soybean was soaked in water at $25^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs and cultivated at 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 7 days under dark condition. The soybean sprouts were divided into cotyledon and axis and sampled every 24hrs. The analysis methodlogies used were Van Soest's NDF, AOAC's ADF and lignin and Prosky's IDF, SDF, TDF. The weight of 100 sprouts increased gradually from 20.26g to 90.12g during the growth periods. The weight increased to 344.9% of the original weight. The germination rate was 100% after soaking at $25^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs. Root length increased gradualy from 0.6cm at 1st day to 17.2cm at 7th day. The crude ash and crude fat contents showed no significant change in the cotyledon and axis. The crude protein contents increased in the cotyledon and axis, whereas the total carbohydrate content didn't have general tendency. The insoluble dietary fiber(IDF), soluble dietary fiber(SDF) and total dietary fiber(TDF) contents of cotyledon were no significantly different from 20.01%, 1.45%, 21.46% at 1st day to 22.75%, 2.07%, 24.82% at 7th day on dry basis. In axis those contents increased from 23.19%, 1.97%, 25.16% at 1st day to 32.78%, 3.02%, 35.80% at 7th day, respectively. The neutral detergent fiber(NDF) contents of cotyledon and axis increased from 4.35% to 6.39% and from 6.44% to 26.60% respectively on dry basis. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of cotyledon and axis increased from 2.84% to 4.91% and from 2.5% to 4.7%, but there were no significantly different in the hemicellulose and lignin contents on dry basis. The hemicellulose and lignin contents of axis increased with culture periods from 1.70% to 4.41% and from 0.20% to 2.11%, respectively. The cellulose contents increased from 4.54% to 20.35% on dry basis.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 리그닌 전구물질 생합성에 관여하는 CCoAOMT (Caffeoyl-CoA-O-methyltransferase)유전자의 발현을 분자생물학적으로 억제시킨 상태와 정상적인 상태에서 생장한 현사시나무를 대상으로 홀로셀룰로 오스, 리그닌과 단당류 조성에 관한 정량 분석을 각각 실시하였다. 그리고 각각의 목질바이오매스로부터 MWL (milled wood lignin)을 추출하여 메톡실기정량, DFRC, Py-GC/MS, GPC, $^{13}C$ NMR 분석 등 리그닌의 화학 구조적 특성을 비교하였다. 정상재와 형질전환체의 홀로셀룰로오스 함량은 각각 81.6%와 82.3%로 큰 차이는 없었지만, 리그닌 함량은 각각 21.7%와 18.3%로 형질전환체가 약 3.4% 정도 낮았다. 정상재와 형질전환체의 구성 단당류 분석결과, 글루코오스는 각각 511.0 mg/g와 584.8 mg/g, 그리고 자일로오스는 각각 217.8 mg/g와 187.5 mg/g로 나타나 CCoAOMT 발현억제는 단당류 조성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 각 시 료로부터 단리한 리그닌(MWL)의 메톡실기 정량에 따르면 CCoAOMT 발현을 억제한 시료에서 약 7% 정도의 메톡실기가 감소하는 것으로 나타났고, 이는 $^{13}C$-NMR 분석과 Py-GC/MS 분석을 통하여 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 Py-GC/MS 분석에 의하면 정상재와 형질전환체 리그닌의 G/S 비율이 각각 0.59와 0.44로 나타난점으로 미루어 CCoAOMT 발현 억제는 리그닌 생합성 과정에서 G unit 생합성보다 S unit 생합성에 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 예측할 수 있다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.23-26
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• 1982

지리산산(智異山産) 굴참나무재(材)와 졸참나무재(材)에 대하여 그 화학적(化學的) 조성분(組成分)을 심재(心材), 변재별(邊材別)로 분석(分析) 조사(調査)하여 본 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하연 다음과 같다. 굴참나무재(材)에 있어서는 변재회분함량(邊材灰分含量) 0.57%, 심재(心材) 1.00%였고 냉수추출물(冷水抽出物)은 변재(邊材) 5.74%, 심재(心材) 4.77%였으며 열수추출물(熱水抽出物)에 있어서는 변재(邊材) 6.33%, 심재(心材) 6.33%였고 하성(荷性)soda 추출물(抽出物)은 변재(邊材) 15.52%, 심재(心材) 15.63%였다. Alcohol-benzol 추출물(抽出物)은 변재부(邊材部) 4.89%, 심재부(心材部) 2.96%였고 Holocellulose 함량(含量)에 있어서는 변재(邊材) 73.19%, 심재(心材) 78.83%였고 Lignin은 변재(邊材) 21.76%, 심재(心材) 18.14%였고 Pentosan 함량(含量)은 변재(邊材) 15.92%, 심재(心材) 26.50%였다. 졸참나무재(材) 분석결과(分析結果)를 보면 회분함량(灰分含量)은 변재(邊材), 심재(心材) 각각(各各) 0.26%, 0.27%이고 냉수(冷水) 추출물(抽出物)은 변재(邊材) 2.81%, 심재(心材) 2.04%였으며 열수(熱水) 추출물(抽出物)은 변재(邊材) 5.32%, 심재(心材) 7.08%였고 하성(荷性)soda 추출물(抽出物)은 변재(邊材) 15.73%, 심재(心材) 16.55%였으며 Alcohol-benzol 추출물(抽出物)은 변재(邊材) 3.93%, 심재(心材) 3.51%로 나타났다. Holocellulose 함량(含量)은 변재(邊材), 심재(心材) 각각(各各) 74.21%, 74.84%였고 Lignin은 변재(邊材) 14.11%, 심재(心材) 19.19%였으며 Pentosan은 변재(邊材) 20.7.5%, 심재(心材) 21.44%의 함량치(含量値)를 보였다. 전체적(全體的)으로 보면 굴참나무재(材)는 변재(邊材), 심재간(心材間)에 회분(灰分), Holocellulose, Lignin, Pentosan함량(含量)에서 특징적(特徵的)인 차이(差異)를 보였으나 졸참나무재(材)는 Lignin함량(含量)에서 다소간(多少間)의 차이(差異)가 인정(認定)될 뿐 그 이외(以外)에 변심재간(邊心材間)에 특수(特殊)한 차이(差異)를 인정(認定)할 수 없었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권2호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the effects of wound dressing with thiophanate-methyl paste on the compartmentalization of pruning wounds in Acer palmatum. A total of thirty field-grown trees were used for three different treatments, such as no dressing, dressing once right after pruning cut, and dressing twice, one more dressing treatment one year after initial dressing. Wound closure rate (WCR) and discolored/wound area ratio (D/W ratio) two years after treatment were measured. Variations of extractives, holocellulose and lignin at the treated branch unions were also examined. The WCR of no dressing treatment of 70.9% was significantly lower than those of the two dressing treatments (85.4% and 82.7%, respectively), while the difference between dressing once and twice was not significant. The D/W ratio of no dressing treatment (39.3%) was significantly higher than those of the two dressing treatments (around 30%). Generally, at the branch core of the treated union, contents of extractives and lignin were higher and holocellulose contents were lower than the branch core of the union with living branch. Among the branch core of treated union, no dressing treatment showed a relatively lower holocellulose (63.5%), and relatively higher extractives (2.8%) and lignin (26.6%) than dressing once (66.2%, 1.7%, 26.1%, respectively).

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2012

In this study, purified cellulose was prepared from rice husk which is one of the major agricultural residues in Korea. The various bleaching processes such as ozone bleaching, $ClO_2$ bleaching and $H_2O_2$ bleaching were applied to remove residual lignin and impurities. In order to increase the contents of ${\alpha}$-cellulose contents, the effects of acid and alkali treatments were evaluated. Although the multi stages of the bleaching processes resulted in less than 0.5 % residual lignin contents, the application of ozone leaded to the decrease in DP(degree in Polymerization) and ${\alpha}$-cellulose contents. The alkali treatment after bleaching processes resulted in pure cellulose which showed more than 98% of ${\alpha}$-cellulose contents.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical components of rusty root for seeking the cause of rust. Na, Fe contents were higher in various tissues of six-year-old rusty root than healthy root. Contents of total sugar in epidermis of rusty root was low but crude lignin and suborn contents were high. Crude lipid content increased with the rate of rusty symptoms in each part of root respectively. Pentadecanoic, stearic, oleic, lignoseric acid contents increased in cortex of tap root with the rate of rusty symptoms but decreased in pith. Total ginsenoside and crude saponin contents increased , in pith and cortex of tap root with the rate of rusty symptoms but decreased in lateral and fine root.