• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회 2차
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• pp.81-87
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• 2010

As enormous construction projects of land development are carried out around Korea, useful construction materials are needed to perform the construction projects. However, there are no more enough of fill and reclamation materials in our country. That is why the coal ash is expected to be utilized as an alternative material. Since the coal ash has the characteristics of a pozzolan and a selfhardening material, it is adjudged that coal ash has a great possibility to be used as a fill and reclamation material. In this study, grain size analysis, Atterberg limit test, and specific gravity test were performed to examine the physical characteristics of the coal ash about a self-hardening material before utilizing the coal ash in the construction. Compaction test, unconfined compression test were conducted to investigate the engineering characteristics according to mixture ratios of fly ash and bottom ash. As a result of the tests, it was confirmed that the mixing ratio 1:1 of fly ash and bottom ash is the most effective to use as a fill and reclamation material. If the mixture of coal ash is used as a backfill material with light weight around structure, it is expected to play a significant role in reducing earth pressure on the back of the structure. As described above, the coal ash should be considered as an alternative material of fill and reclamation materials since the result of the tests indicates that the coal ash is suitable to a useful material on the construction design.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2016

치아우식증을 치료할 때 가장 많이 사용되는 수복재료 중 하나는 레진이다. 하지만 레진은 중합수축, 긴 작업시간, 수분 및 오염에 민감하다는 단점들이 존재하고 어린이를 치료할 때 더 두드러진다. 이러한 단점들을 해결하기 위해 bulk filling이 나타나게 되었고, 이를 가능하게 하는 bulk-fill 복합레진이 개발되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 전통적 복합레진과 bulk-fill 복합레진의 물성을 다양한 방법으로 평가 및 비교하기 위함이다. 전통적 복합레진 3 종류(Filtek Z-350 (Z-350), Unifil Flow (UF), Unifil Loflo Plus (UL)), bulk-fill 복합레진 2종류 (SureFil SDR flow (SDR), Tetric N-Ceram bulk fill (TBF))를 사용하였다. 광중합기는 light-emitting diodes를 사용하였고, 한번 중합할 때 20초간 시행하였다. 재료들의 미세경도는 비커스경도기로 측정하였고, 중합도 측정은 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy을 사용하였다. 중합수축량은 컴퓨터로 제어되는 linometer를 이용하였다. 굴곡강도 및 굴곡계수는 3점 굽힘 시험법으로 측정하였고, 압축강도 및 압축계수와 함께 Universal testing machine을 이용하여 측정하였다. 통계분석은 ANOVA를 사용하였고, Scheffe의 사후검정을 하였다. 미세경도는 상면에서 Z-350이 가장 높은 값을 나타냈고, 하면은 TBF가 높은 값을 나타냈으나 UL은 상하면 모두에서 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 상면과 하면의 미세경도 값의 비는 SDR, TBF가 높았다. 중합도는 bulk-fill 복합레진과 유동성 복합레진 상하면 모두에서 높게 나타나고, Z-350는 상하면 모두에서 55% 이하로 나타났다. 압축강도는 Z-350이 가장 높았으며 SDR이 낮게 나타났으나 UL과는 통계학적으로 유의하게 차이는 보이지 않았다. 압축계수는 Z-350이 높게 나타났고, UL이 가장 낮았다. 굴곡강도 및 굴곡계수는 Z-350이 가장 높았다. UL은 굴곡강도 및 굴곡계수 모두 가장 낮게 나타났다. UL이 가장 높은 중합수축을 보였고, Z-350이 가장 낮은 중합수축 값을 나타냈다. 유동성 복합레진이 비유동성 복합레진보다 중합 수축 양이 많았다. 결론적으로 bulk-fill 복합레진의 물성은 전통적 복합레진보다 떨어지지만 bulk filling할 때 중요한 상하면의 미세경도비 및 중합도는 높게 나타나 어린이의 치아우식증 수복치료 시 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.69-79
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• 1983

The objective of this study is to analyze the present situation of compaction equipment used in the earth fill dam construction, and the compaction effects of varions types of equipment on core and pervious zones of the fill dam. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Banking materials mostly used for the core zone were soils classified as CL, SC and ML, while those classified as SM, ML and SC were predominant for the pervious zone. 2. Equipments used practically in the real fields were considerably different from those specified in the designs. 3. It was found that the relationship between optimum water content and maximum dry density for both core and pervious materials showed to be linear, ranging from 10% to 25% water content. That is, ${\gamma}$dmax (core) = 2.2555-0.0284 Wopt ${\gamma}$dmax(pervious) =2.239-0.028 Wopt 4. The generalized compaction guides for all kinds of equipment and soil types consi- dered in this study may be recommended as N=8-10 T=2Ocm, N=10-12 T=3Ocm for core zone(98%) and N=6-8 T=2Ocm, N=8-10 T=3Ocm for pervious zone (95%). 5. The coefficient of permeability in the field tests showed abont 10 times as high as the laboratory test value. This large deviation, however, was due to the horizontal permeation and considered not to be significant in the light of the satisfactory compaction ratio in the field compac- tion.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the color stability of bulk-fill and nanohybrid resin-based composites polished with 3 different, multistep, aluminum-oxide impregnated finishing and polishing disks. Materials and Methods: Disk-shaped specimens (8 mm in diameter and 4 mm in thickness) were light-cured between two glass slabs using one nanohybid bulk-fill (Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar Vivadent), one micro-hybrid bulk-fill (Quixfil, Dentsply), and two nanohybrid incremental-fill (Filtek Ultimate, 3M ESPE; Herculite XRV Ultra, Kerr) resin-based composites, and aged by thermocycling (between $5-55^{\circ}C$, 3,000 cycles). Then, they were divided into subgroups according to the polishing procedure as SwissFlex ($Colt\grave{e}ne/Whaledent$), Optidisc (Kerr), and Praxis TDV (TDV Dental) (n = 12 per subgroup). One surface of each specimen was left unpolished. All specimens were immersed in coffee solution at $37^{\circ}C$. The color differences (${\Delta}E$) were measured after 1 and 7 days of storage using a colorimeter based on CIE Lab system. The data were analyzed by univariate ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, and Friedmann tests (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Univariate ANOVA detected significant interactions between polishing procedure and composite resin and polishing procedure and storage time (p < 0.05). Significant color changes were detected after 1 day storage in coffee solution (p < 0.05), except Quixfil/Optidisc which was color-stable after 7 days (p > 0.05). Polishing reduced the discoloration resistance of Tetric EvoCeram/SwissFlex, Tetric EvoCeram/Praxis TDV, Quixfil-SwissFlex, and all Herculite XRV Ultra groups after 7 days storage (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Discoloration resistance of bulk-fill resin-based composites can be significantly affected by the polishing procedures.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2001년도 추계학술대회(제116회) 및 13회 Workshop 제3회 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회 초록집
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• pp.583.2-583
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• 2001

In these days, as the patients requirements on ethetics are getting greater, so the restorative materials which match well with natural teeth colors are being developed. One of those materials is the composite resin. When we fill the composite resin into the prepared cavity, it makes some clinical problems because it shrinks during the polymerization. To resolve these problems, first we must have sufficient understandings on the polymerization of composite resin.(omitted)

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 석회부산물의 재활용 방안으로 경량성토재, 뒤채움재 및 경량블록의 활용방안을 종합적인 실험연구를 통해 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는, 석회부산물, 성토용 토사 및 폐 EPS 조각을 혼합한 새로운 형태의 경량성토계 및 이에 시멘트 고화제를 첨가한 경량블록을 고안하였고, 다양한 배합비로 제작된 경량혼합토 및 경량블록에 대한 시료에 대하여 종합적인 시험을 실시하여 물리적, 지반공학적 및 환경적 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 경량블록에 대하여 국내 용출시험법(KMS Method)을 실시하여 화학성분의 농도변화에 대하여 평가하였다. 본 연구는 석회부산물 처분의 문제에 대하여 해결을 기대할 수 있으며 뿐만 아니라 성토재 및 블록에 대하여 석회부산물의 재활용 방안을 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.305-309
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• 2009

The effect of light scattering layers (400 nm, TiO$_2$ particle) of 4 $\mu$m thickness on the dye-sensitized solar cell has been investigated with a 12 $\mu$m thickness of photo-anode (20 nm, TiO$_2$ particle). Two different structures of scattering layers (separated and back) were applied to investigate the light transmitting behaviors and solar cell properties. The light transmittance and cell efficiency significantly improved with inserting scattering layers. The back scattering layer structure had more effective transmitting behavior, but separated scattering layer (center: 2 $\mu$m, back: 2 $\mu$m) structure (9.83% of efficiency) showing higher efficiency (0.6%), short circuit current density (0.26 mA/cm$^2$) and fill factor (0.02). The inserting separating two scattering layers improved the light harvesting, and relatively thin back scattering layer (2 $\mu$m of thickness) minimized interruption of ion diffusion in liquid electrolyte.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2007

We have designed and synthesized three Zn(II)-porphyrin derivatives, such as Zn(II) porphyrin ([G-0]Zn-P1) and aryl ether-typed dendron substituted Zn(II)-porphyrin derivatives ([G-1]Zn-P1 and [G-1]Zn-P-CN1). Their chemical structures were characterized by 1H-NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis absorption, EI-mass, and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopies. Their electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry measurement. These Zn(II)-porphyrin derivatives have been used to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on solid polymeric electrolytes as dye sensitizers and their device performances were evaluated by comparing with that of a standard Ru(II) complex dye. [G-1]Zn-P-CN1 showed the enhanced power conversion efficiency than those of other porphyrin derivatives, as expected. Short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (η) of solid-typed DSSC for [G-1]Zn-P-CN1 were evaluated to be Jsc = 11.67 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.51 V, FF = 0.46, and η = 2.76%, respectively.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.350-355
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• 2009

The crysralline silicon solar cell where the solar cell market grows rapidly is occupying of about 85% or more high efficiency and low cost endeavors many crystalline solar cells. The fabricaion process of high efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells necessitate complicated fabrication processes and Ti/Pd/AG contact, This metal contacts have only been used in limited areas in spite of their good srability and low contact resistance because of expensive materials and process. Commercial solar cells with screen-printed solar cells formed by using Ag paste suffer from loe fill factor and high contact resistance and low aspect ratio. Ni and Cu metal contacts have been formed by using electroless plating and light-induced electro plating techniques to replace the Ti/Pd/Ag and screen-printed Ag contacts. Copper and Silver can be plated by electro & light-induced plating method. Light-induced plating makes use the photovoltaic effect of solar cell to deposit the metal on the front contact. The cell is immersed into the electrolytic plating bath and irradiated at the front side by light source, which leads to a current density in the front side grid. Electroless plated Ni/ Electro&light-induced plated Cu/ Light-induced plated Ag contact solar cells result in an energy conversion efficiency of 16.446 % on 0.2~0.6${\Omega}$ cm, $20{\times}20mm^2$, CZ(Czochralski) wafer.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2002

본 논문은 폐 Styrofoam과 현장발생토를 활용하여 경량 성토재로서의 특성을 파악하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 폐 Styrofoam 입자는 가볍고 단열성이 좋으며 진동차단효과도 우수하기 때문에 경량 성토재로서의 활용이 가능하다. 특히 Styrofoam은 1996년 재활용 품목으로 선정되어 토공재료로서의 적합성만 확인된다면 체계적인 공급이 가능하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 폐 Styrofoam 혼합토의 동적 다짐시험, 정적 다짐시험, pH 및 용출실험을 하였으며, 그 결과 효율적인 다짐관리를 위해서는 정적 다짐방식으로 다짐관리가 이루어져야 하며, 경량 성토재의 환경적 위해성 평가결과 pH는 지정폐기물 판정기준을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다.