• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.93-96
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• 2012

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to compare the light transmittance of zirconia in different thicknesses using various light curing units. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 21 disc-shaped zirconia specimens (5 mm in diameter) in different thicknesses (0.3, 0.5 and 0.8 mm) were prepared. The light transmittance of the specimens under three different light-curing units (quartz tungsten halogen, light-emitting diodes and plasma arc) was compared by using a hand-held radiometer. Statistical significance was determined using two-way ANOVA (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. ANOVA revealed that thickness of zirconia and light curing unit had significant effects on light transmittance ($P$ <.001). CONCLUSION. Greater thickness of zirconia results in lower light transmittance. Light-emitting diodes light-curing units might be considered as effective as Plasma arc light-curing units or more effective than Quartz-tungsten-halogen light-curing units for polymerization of the resin-based materials.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.217-230
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to assess the 24-hour shear bond strength of amalgam to glass ionomer cement, using five different intermediaries. The intermediaries used in this study were Scotchbond 2 (light curing dentin adhesive), Panavia (resin cement), liquid' of glass ionomer cement (chemical curing & light curing), and uncured mixture of light curing glass ionomer cement. This study was operated with 48 specimens devided into 6 groups. The experimental groups are as follows: Group 1 : Bonded Amalgam to chemical curing glass ionomer cement with liquid of chemical curing glass ionomer. Group 2 : Bonded Amalgam to light curing glass ionomer cement with liquid of chemical curing glass ionomer. Group 3: Bonded Amalgam to light curing glass ionomer cement with resin cement. Group 4: Bonded Amalgam to light curing glass ionomer cement with light curing dentin adhesive. Group 5: Bonded Amdlgam to light curing glass ionomer cement with liquid of light curing glass ionomer. Group 6: Bonded Amalgam to light curing glass ionomer cement with uncured mixture of light curing glass ionomer cement. 30 minutes after amalgam condensation, all specimens were stored for 24 hours in water at $37^{\circ}C$ and tested with Instron (1122). The following results obtained: 1. The shear bond strength of group 6 was higher than those of the other groups (46.7 kgf/$cm^2$, p<0.05). 2. The shear bond strength of resin cement intermediary group was lower than that of the group using uncured mixture of light curing glass ionomer cement. 3. The results of group 1 and group 2 were different, even though the inter-me diaries used were same. 4. Intermediary of Group 5 did not show complete set in Scanning Electromicroscopic examination. 5. Light-curing dentin adhesive did not show any bonding ability to amalgam.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1057-1060
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• 2004

In this study, the wear characteristics of five different dental composite resins cured by conventional halogen light and LED light sources were investigated. Five different dental composite resins of Surefil, Z100, Dyract AP, Fuji II LC and Compoglass were worn against a zirconia ceramic ball using a pin-on-disk type wear tester with 15 N contact force in a reciprocal sliding motion with sliding distance of 10 mm/cycle at 1Hz under the room temperature dry condition. The wear variations of dental composite resins were linearly increased as the number of cycles increased. It was observed that the wear resistances of these specimens were in the order of Dyract AP ＆gt; Surefil ＆gt; Compoglass ＆gt; Z100 ＆gt; Fuji II LC. On the morphological observations by SEM, the large crack formation on the sliding track of Fuji II LC specimen was the greatest among all resin composites. Dyract AP showed the least wear with few surface damage. There is no significant difference in wear performance between conventional halogen light curing and light emitting diodes curing sources. It indicates that a light emitting diodes (LED) source can replace a halogen light source as a curing unit for composite resin restorations.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2004

최근에 소개된 single high-intensity LED 중합기는 이전의 LED 중합기에 비해 높은 광도를 가지며 짧은 중합시간에 적절한 물성을 가질 수 있다고 한다. 본 연구는 single high-intensity LED 중합기의 중합성능을 평가하기 위하여 거리에 따른 중합도를 조사하였다. Mylar strip사이에 복합레진(Filtek Z250)을 넣고 압접시켜 만든 얇은 필름형 시편을 LED 중합기(Elipar Freelight 2, 10초), 플라스마 중합기(Flipo, 6초)와 할로겐 중합기 (XL3000, 20초)를 사용해 0mm, 2mm, 4mm, 6mm에서 광도를 측정하고 중합시켰다. 중합된 시편을 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FTIR)를 이용해 중합도를 측정한 후 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 모든 중합기에서 거리가 증가할수록 유의하게 광도가 감소하였으며 LED중합기의 경우 6mm에서 다른 중합기에 비해 가장 많은 광도 감소율을 보였다(p<0.05). 2. 모든 중합기에서 거리가 증가함에 따라 4mm까지는 중합도가 감소하였지만 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 하지만 4mm와 6mm사이에서는 모든 중합기에서 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 3. 각 거리에 따른 중합기간의 중합도 차이는 0mm, 2mm, 4 mm에서 LED중합기가 다른 중합기보다 유의하게 높은 중합도를 보였으며 (p<0.05) 플라스마 중합기와 할로겐 중합기 사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 하지만 6 mm에서는 모든 중합기 사이에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05).

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.25-41
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the dimensional changes of relined dentures with a light-curing resin, a heat-curing resin, and a direct, hard reline resin. And also to measure the transverse strength, impact strength, surface hardness of the three resins used in relining. The surface textures of three resins also of evaluated by using scanning electron microscope. Through analyses on the data from this study, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. Impact strength of heat-curing resin was highest, and direct, hard reline resin higher, light-curing resin lowest. 2. Transverse strength of heat-curing resin was highest, and direct, hard reline resin and light-curing resin was lower and not signiicantly different. 3. Surface hardness of light-curing resin was lighest, heat-curing resin higher, and direct, hard reline resin was lowest. 4. After storage of the relined dentures for 1 day and 1 week in water at room temperature, linear shrinkage of distance between the reference points in the maxillary base relined with direct, hard reline resin was lowest, and those relined with light-curing resin and heat-curing resin were lower and were not significantly different. 5. After storage for 4 weeks in orator at room tempeature, linear shrinkage of distance between ridge crests of dentures relined with heat-curing resin was highest and that of distance between denture borders was not significantly different. 6. The dimensional changes of relined dentures during storage in water was not significant except those of distance between denture borders relined with light-curing resin at 1 day and 1 week storage in water. 7. At low magnification (x40) of SEM examination, the surface textures of three resins were similar except light-curing resin which had some defects. At high magnification (x200), the surface textures of hard, direct reline resin were smooth with little defects, but those of heat-curing resin and light-curing resin w ere irregular.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2007

As the development of nanotechnology, the use of composite resins which containing nanofillers becomes popular. The purpose of this study was to test the degree of polymerization of nanofillercontaining composite resins. For the study, three different nanofiller-containing composite resins and two different light-curing units were used. To evaluate the degree of polymerization, the maximum polymerization shrinkage taking place during the light curing, and the microhardness, after the light curing, were measured. As results, two light-curing units exhibited a similar emission spectrum to that of the included photoinitiator, camphorquinone. The only difference between the light-curing units were the width of the emission spectrum. Three different composite resins showed different microhardness values. Among them, Grandio showed the greatest microhardness value. However, there was less microhardness difference on the top and bottom surfaces due to the difference of the light-curing units. The maximum polymerization shrinkage values were also similar in the tested specimens regardless of the difference of the light-curing units. However, Grandio showed the least polymerization shrinkage. According to the manufacturers' data, Grandio showed the highest filler content(vol%).

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.198-206
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• 2006

제논 플라즈마 아크 광중합기나 LED 광중합기가 치과영역에 소개된 이후로 기존의 텅스텐 할로겐 광중합기를 사용할 때에 비해 교정장치의 부착시간이 현저하게 줄어들 수 있게 되었다. 제논 플라즈마 아크 광중합기에 대한 중합시간과 전단강도에 대해서는 여러 연구가 있어왔던 반면, LED 광중합기를 이용하여 교정용장치의 부착을 위한 중합시간에 대한 연구는 미진하다. 본 연구의 목적은 LED 광중합기의 중합시간에 따른 결합강도를 플라즈마 아크 광중합기와 비교하여 적절한 브라켓의 부착강도를 얻기 위해 요구되는 중합시간을 알아보는데 있다. 120개의 발치된 사람의 소구치에 컴포짓 레진으로 브라켓을 부착시킨 후 4초, 6초, 8초 동안 플라즈마 아크 광원과 LED 광원으로 각각 중합시켰다. 그 후 결합강도를 만능시험기(Universal Testing Machine)로 계측한 결과, 플라즈마 아크 광중합기에서는 4초 이상에서, LED 광중합기에서는 8초 이상의 중합시간에서 기존의 할로겐 광원을 40초간 노출시켰을 때와 비슷한 전단결합강도를 나타내었다. 플라즈마 아크 광중합기와 LED 광중합기의 중합시간이 접착제 잔류지수 (adhesive remnant index) 수치에 대해 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2000

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microleakage of 5 curing methods in class V composite restorations which are composed of two-step light curing, pulse-delay cure, low curing-light intensity, moderate curing-light intensity and high curing-light intensity. In this study, class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of 50 extracted human upper or lower molars on cementum margin. Single Bond adhesive and Z-100 shade A2 were applied for each group following the manufacture's instruction. The experimental teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 samples (20 surfaces) each. Group 1: two-step light curing; Group 2: pulse-delay cure; Group 3: low curing-light intensity; Group 4: moderate curing-light intensity; Group 5: high curing-light intensity. After 500 thermocycling between $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$, the 60 teeth were placed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours, then rinsed with tab water. The specimens were embedded in clear resin, then sectioned buccolingually through the center of restoration with a low speed diamond saw. The dye penetration on each of the specimen was then observed with a stereomicroscope at ${\times}20$. The composite resin/tooth interfaces were examined under Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis One Way ANOVA and Dunn's Method. The results of this study were as follows. 1. In all groups, the leakage values seen at the enamel margin were significantly lower than those seen at the dentin margin(P<0.05). 2. No group in this study showed significant differences in leakage values at both the enamel and the dentin margins(P<0.05). 3. In all groups, the gaps seen at the enamel margin were significantly lower than those seen at the dentin margin(P<0.05). 4. The gaps in this study showed significant differences and two-step light-curing and low curing-light intensity produced significant less gap than high curing-light intensity(P<0.05).

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2023

Background: As a restorative material used to treat dental caries, the light-curing type resin is widely used, but it has the disadvantage of polymerization shrinkage. The Bulk-Fill composite resin was developed to solve these shortcomings, but the existing research mainly focused on comparing the physical properties of a composite resin and a Bulk-Fill resin. A study on the light curing time and distance of the Bulk-Fill resin itself tend to be lacking. Methods: This study compares the surface microhardness of specimens prepared by varying the light curing time and distance of smart dentin replacement (SDR) as a flowable Bulk-Fill resin and Tetric N-ceram as a packable Bulk-Fill resin, and confirms the polymerization time and distance that becomes the optimum hardness. To determine the hardness of the specimen, it was measured using the Vickers Hardness Number (Matsuzawa MMT-X, Japan). Results: In SDR, the surface microhardness decreased as the distance increased in all time groups in the change distance from the curing tip. In the change of light curing time with respect to the distance from curing tip, the surface microhardness increased as the time increased. In Tetric N-ceram, the surface microharness showed no significant difference in the change of the distance of curing tip in the group of 20 and 60 second. But in the group of 10 and 40 seconds, decreased as the distance increased. The surface microharness increased as the light curing time increased in all distance groups. Conclusion: When using SDR and Tetric N-ceram in clinical practice, it is considered that as the distance from the polymerization reactor tip increases, a longer light curing time than the polymerization time recommended by the manufacturer is required.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the polymerization ability of three different light sources by microhardness test. Stainless steel molds of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm in thickness of 7 mm in diameter were prepared. The hybrid composite Z100 was packed into the hole of the mold and curing light was activated for designated time. Three different light sources, conventional halogen, light emitting diode, and plasma arc, were used for curing of composite. Two different curing times applied ; one is to follow the manufacturers recommendation and the other is to extend the curing time of LED and plasma arc for balancing the light energy with halogen. Immediately after curing, the Vickers hardness was measured at the bottom of specimen. The results were as follows. 1 The composite cured with LED showed equal to higher microhardnesss than halogen. 2. The composite was cured with plasma arc by manufacturers recommendation showed lowest micro-hardness at all thickness. However, when curing time was extended, microhardness was higher than the others. In conclusion, this study suggested that plasma arc needs properly extended curing time.