• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.426-429
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• 2006

The fibroblast in the periodontal ligaments received various stress. Among them, compression and tension are quite important and they are related to the remodeling of tooth and alveolar bone. We studied the change of expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the fibroblasts of the periodontal ligaments by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. In results, the relative activity of IL-6 mRNA in 2 hours after was 1.54${\pm}$0.08 and 1.00${\pm}$0.05 in control and test, respectively (P<0.05). Its 12 hours after was 1.23${\pm}$0.06 and 2.78${\pm}$0.14 in control and test, respectively (P<0.05). The relative activity of IL-8 mRNA in 2 hours after was 1.00${\pm}$0.05 and 0.24${\pm}$0.01 in control and test, respectively (P<0.05). Its 12 hours after was 1.23${\pm}$0.06 and 0.63${\pm}$0.03 in control and test, respectively (P<0.05). The concentration of IL-6 was 1.02${\pm}$0.16 ng/ml, 0.90${\pm}$0.14 ng/ml, and 1.32${\pm}$0.12 ng/ml (P<0.05) in control, 2, and 12 hours after, respectively. The concentration of IL-8 was 2.26${\pm}$0.17 ng/ml, 1.70${\pm}$0.26 ng/ml (P<0.05), and 0.84${\pm}$0.47 ng/ml (P<0.05) in control, 2, and 12 hours after, respectively. In conclusion, the expression of IL-6 was significantly increased after the application of the static compressive force, but IL-8 was significantly decreased. Considering their known function, their expression is quite important in tooth and bone resorption.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2008

목적: 본 논문은 견봉 쇄골 탈구에서 2개의 봉합 나사못과 오구 견봉 인대 이전술을 이용한 오구쇄골 인대 재건술의 소개와 임상적 결과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 40명의 환자를 대상으로 하였으며, 수술 전 방사선학적 사진에서 견봉 쇄골 탈구 환자 5명은 제3형, 4명은 제4형, 그리고 31명은 제5형이었다. 2개의 봉합 나사못을 각각 원추인대와 삼각인대의 오구 돌기 기시부에 해당하는 오구 돌기 기저부의 전외측과 후내측에 위치시켜 원위 쇄골을 오구돌기에 고정시켰으며, 오구 견봉 인대를 원위 쇄골 하면으로 이전하여 보강하였다. 결과: 평균 28개월의 추시 결과, Constant 점수는 97점으로 향상되었으며, 40명 모두 술 후 평균 3.2개월에 일상 생활로의 복귀가 가능하였다. 마지막 방사선학적 결과는 34명에서 해부학적인 정복을 보였으며, 3명은 완전 재탈구를 나타내었지만 임상적 결과는 만족할만하여 재수술을 시행하지 않았다. 또한 수상 3주 경과 후 수술한 견봉 쇄골 탈구 환자의 임상적 결과는 수상 3주 이내에 수술한 환자들과 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 견봉 쇄골 탈구에서 2개의 봉합 나사못과 오구 견봉 인대 이전술을 이용한 오구 쇄골 인대재건술은 견봉 쇄골 관절의 물리적 안정성 얻을 수 있는 안전하고 유용한 수술 방법으로 사료된다.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.68-71
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• 1998

Ganglion cysts of the cruciate ligaments of the knee are rare and their pathogenesis is uncertain. A few cases of the cyst of the posterior cruciate ligament were reported in the literature. We have arthroscopically treated sucessfully the ganglion cysts of the posterior cruciate ligament through the anteromedial portal. We reported three cases of ganglion cyst of the posterior cruciate ligament with brief of literatures.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회 2003년도 제14차 학술대회
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• pp.44-57
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• 2003

1) Choice of graft selection : depends on surgeon's philosophy & experience, tissue availability(anatomical anomalies, prior surgery or injury) & patient activity level & desiers. patients - educated as to potential advantage & disadvantages of each choice available to them. No one graft has been shown to be overwhelmingly superior to another. 2) High demand individual (cutting, pivoting, jumping sports, skiing) - BPTB graft choice Lower demand or older individuals - hamstring reconstruction Allograft : older individuals(45 years old) sign of arthritis(compelling evidence of instability) individual who do not want their own tissue Prosthetic ligaments - long term results : disappointing

• Advances in biomechanics and applications
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.169-185
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• 2014

Computational multibody models of the elbow can provide a versatile tool to study joint mechanics, cartilage loading, ligament function and the effects of joint trauma and orthopaedic repair. An efficiently developed computational model can assist surgeons and other investigators in the design and evaluation of treatments for elbow injuries, and contribute to improvements in patient care. The purpose of this study was to develop an anatomically correct elbow joint model and validate the model against experimental data. The elbow model was constrained by multiple bundles of non-linear ligaments, three-dimensional deformable contacts between articulating geometries, and applied external loads. The developed anatomical computational models of the joint can then be incorporated into neuro-musculoskeletal models within a multibody framework. In the approach presented here, volume images of two cadaver elbows were generated by computed tomography (CT) and one elbow by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to construct the three-dimensional bone geometries for the model. The ligaments and triceps tendon were represented with non-linear spring-damper elements as a function of stiffness, ligament length and ligament zero-load length. Articular cartilage was represented as uniform thickness solids that allowed prediction of compliant contact forces. As a final step, the subject specific model was validated by comparing predicted kinematics and triceps tendon forces to experimentally obtained data of the identically loaded cadaver elbow. The maximum root mean square (RMS) error between the predicted and measured kinematics during the complete testing cycle was 4.9 mm medial-lateral translational of the radius relative to the humerus (for Specimen 2 in this study) and 5.30 internal-external rotation of the radius relative to the humerus (for Specimen 3 in this study). The maximum RMS error for triceps tendon force was 7.6 N (for Specimen 3).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2010

Objective : Cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy are performed by physicians in various disciplines. It is important to know the comprehensive anatomy of the laryngotracheal region. Hemorrhage, esophageal injury, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, pneumothorax, hemothorax, false passage of the tube and tracheal stenosis after decannulation are well known complications of the cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy. Cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy should be performed without complications and as quickly as possible with regards the patients' clinical condition. Methods : A total of 40 cadaver necks were dissected in this study. The trachea and larynx and the relationship between the trachea and larynx and the surrounding structures was investigated. The tracheal cartilages and annular ligaments were counted and the relationship between tracheal cartilages and the thyroid gland and vascular structures was investigated. We performed cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy in eleven cadavers while simulating intensive care unit conditions to determine the duration of those procedures. Results : There were 11 tracheal cartilages and 10 annular ligaments between the cricoid cartilage and sternal notch. The average length of trachea between the cricoid cartilage and the suprasternal notch was 6.9 to 8.2 cm. The cricothyroid muscle and cricothyroid ligament were observed and dissected and no vital anatomic structure detected. The average length and width of the cricothyroid ligament was 8 to 12 mm and 8 to 10 mm, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the surgical time required for cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy (p < 0.0001). Conclusion : Tracheostomy and cricothyrotomy have a low complication rate if the person performing the procedure has thorough knowledge of the neck anatomy. The choice of tracheostomy or cricothyrotomy to establish an airway depends on the patients' clinical condition, for instance; cricothyrotomy should be preferred in patients with cervicothoracal injury or dislocation who suffer from respiratory dysfunction. Furthermore; if a patient is under risk of hypoxia or anoxia due to a difficult airway, cricothyrotomy should be preferred rather than tracheostomy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2017

Background Understanding the female breast fascial system is of paramount importance in breast surgery. Little was written about breast ligaments. Most articles refer to Cooper's work without further anatomical studies. Lately, a horizontal septum has been described conveying nerves and vessels to the nipple areola complex. Methods During the surgical dissection of the lower part of the breast, in supero-medial technique for breast reduction operations, a fascial septum between the lower two quadrants was detected. This fibrous septum was studied through anatomic dissection of breast tissues during routine breast reshaping procedures that was done on 30 female patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed preoperatively in all cases and correlated with the intraoperative findings. In the other five cases, outside the clinical study, the imaging was done during routine investigation for breast swellings. Results A vertical septum was identified in the lower part of the breast, lying at the breast meridian between the two lower quadrants. It is a tough bi-laminated structure that extends from the middle of the infra-mammary crease caudally to nipple-areola complex cranially and from the pectoral fascia posteriorly to the overlying skin anteriorly. This was proved by MRI findings. Conclusions This study describes a new inferior vertical septum which separates the lower half of the breast into two definite anatomical compartments: medial and lateral.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.253-257
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• 2014

부유비장은 희귀한 임상질환으로서 느슨한 비장현수인대에 의해 발생하며 이는 비장혈관줄기의 비틀림을 유발한다. 복통이 있는 7세 여자 환아의 전산화 단층촬영에서 하복부에 조영증강되지 않는 종괴 소견이 있었고 소장은 우측 복부에 대장은 좌측 복부에 위치하였다. 자기공명영상 스캔에서 비틀린 비장혈관줄기와 함께 조영증강 되지 않는 불균질 신호강도의 종괴가 있었다. 지금까지 자기공명영상으로 진단된 부유비장의 증례 보고는 매우 드물게 보고되어 있다.

• 대한견주관절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한견주관절학회 2009년도 제17차 학술대회
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• pp.43-43
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• 2009

Glenohumeral ligaments play an important role in stabilizing the shoulder. However, it is impossible to know how they function in vivo during shoulder motion. To help elucidate this stabilizing role, we conducted in vivo three-dimensional kinematics of the normal shoulder joint using a markerless bone-registration technique. Magnetic resonance images of 14 shoulder joints of 7 healthy volunteers were acquired for 7 isometric abduction positions between $0^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$. We then calculated three-dimensional shortest paths between the origin and insertion of each ligament based on anatomical study in each abduction position. At $0^{\circ}$ of abduction, the posterior band of the coracohumeral ligament displayed the maximum length. At $30^{\circ}$ of abduction, the superior glenohumeral ligament displayed the maximum length. At $60^{\circ}$ of abduction, the anterior band of the coracohumeral ligament and the middle glenohumeral ligament displayed the maximum length. At $120^{\circ}$ of abduction, the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament displayed the maximum length. We think that the maximum length of these results is an important influence on the function of the soft tissue stabilizer.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.127-149
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• 2004

Objective : Ossification of ligaments within spinal canal, i.e., OPLL and OLF, is uncommon clinical entity as a cause of the progressive compression myelopathy or radiculopathy. More and more cases being reported in the field of occidental medicine, but very few cases have been reported in the field of oriental medicine. The purpose of this study is to report on oriental medical approaches to OPLL and OLF. Methods : Subjects of this study are 3 cases of OPLL and 3 cases of OLF who visited Won-kwang oriental medical hospital(Dept. of acupuncture and Moxibustion) from May, 2002 to October, 2003. These patients undergo oriental medical treatment such as acupuncture, cupping, Bee-Venom therapy and herbal medication and so on. We made a comparison JOA scores between before treatment and after treatment and we evaluated results of treatment. Results : The results of treatment in these six cases are as follows ; One case was evaluated 'Excellent', one case was evaluated 'Good', two cases were evaluated 'Fair' and two cases were evaluated 'Failure'. One of these cases had a surgical operation after discharge from this hospital. Conclusions : After oriental medical care for these cases, there are some improvements such as decrease of pains, relief of myelopathy etc. But, it had little effect on some cases, therefore we considered that more special study to find various and effective methods of oriental medical treatment for these diseases should be made.